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Actually, most of the Galilean satellites have a consistently nasty radiation environment. Here is a breakdown of radiation doses I got from Zubrin's excellent book, "Entering Space" (page 167):
Io...3600 rem per day
Europa...540 rem per day
Ganymede...8 rem per day
Callisto...0.01 rem per day
Zubrin says on page 166: "A radiation dose of 75 rem or more, if delivered during a short time compared to the cell repair and replacement cycles of the human body, say 30 days, will generally cause radiation sickness, while doses over 500 rem will result in death."
Also: "...On Ganymede the dose rate is not too bad, provided that people generally stayed in shielded quarters and only came out on the surface for a few hours now and then to perform essential tasks. On Callisto and those moons farther out, Jupiter's radiation belts are not an issue, except during the time of magneto tail pass-through..."
Europa? Not a mission I'd volunteer for, either.
The Constitution and the Bill Of Rights will ensure that no one can legally 'throw you off a cliff'. One of the main reasons I never want Mars to be too politically independent of Earth is because there are so many people who want to re-establish global, dystopian, 'scientific' hard socialism there under a seemingly harmless guise. No way. Ever read George Orwell's "Animal Farm"?
The pigs who are simply 'more equal' than everyone else will just live on Mars instead of here.
Rob:
I couldn't agree with you more about misplaced hostility towards Russia's cooperation with Station Alpha. Regardless of what the NASA engineers involved like to say, without Russian participation I believe the ISS would still be a dream.
When I went to both the RSC Energia's and Encyclopedia Astronautica's websites regarding the most recent Mars mission ideas, the equipment was mostly Mir-heritage...plus the solar-electric ion thrusters, and surface landers designed back in the 70's. Does that mean that some or even most of the items couldn't be manufactured outside of Russia? Of course not. I don't honestly believe that support for anything but an international mission to Mars would stand a chance of surviving a change of American administrations...but as with anything, there's always a chance I'm wrong.
I just wish that the Russians hadn't destroyed all the machinery used to make the Energia. Otherwise, it wouldn't cost a billion USA dollars to resuscitate the Energia super heavy-lift launcher. On the hand, at least they didn't destroy the design plans, like I hear that we Americans did with the Saturn V.
That would indeed be sweet. Imagine if that device COULD be incorporated into a spacecraft. I'd love to own a cargo ship capable of hauling 100,000 tons to Mars regularly...and get paid quite nicely for its use!
Besides, I'd rather let consumers (in MOST cases) get to decide what 'adds' to society. Today, ban X-Box and PlayStation...tomorrow, what's next? Porn? Perish the thought!
Yeah, but the violent video games help train the next generation of soldiers. Modern warfare is becoming more and more just like them.
I'd rather live in this society than any other. Global consumerist capitalism has its flaws, but it's still the best game in town, in my opinion.
Alas! The Russians have been trotting out plans for the Commie 'Battlestar Galactica' to Mars for many years. Perhaps once the Chinese have a super-heavy lift version of the Long March (I read that eventually they plan to build one capable of putting 70 tons into low Earth orbit), THEY will release some Mars plans which might verge on the possible. Unfortunately, it's doubtful that the Europeans or the Americans would help the Russians fund any kind of humans-to-Mars mission. I'd love to see the Russians try to design their own version of Mars Direct, though! After all, Buran had more payload capacity than the Space Shuttle...who knows what these clever Russian engineers could come up with?
Actually, I would beg to differ about Chomsky. He just lacks the directness to just say it. Scientists may work very well in an 'anarchist' environment...but the skewing effects caused by the type of people attracted to performing scientific research has a major impact on the success or failure of the system.
I would not deign to argue for or against the existence of the 'selfish gene'. However, someone is arguing that human nature is so malleable that a society which rejects large-scale hierarchy can exist long-term. This is an extraordinary claim, and requires extraordinary evidence...other than the brief existence of the wartime anti-Franco resistance regime in Spain.
All successful societies have elements of socialism...even the supposedly 'capitalist' United States of America. I just don't personally believe that an 'anarchist' society (by any label) like the one so outlined can survive in the long run. If it can...more power to you.
Good thing Mars is a big planet. That is definitely not for me. Anarchy, by whatever label, seems doomed for the same reasons communism was. Societies under pressure from a major external threat, as in the case of Spain, can pull together and accomplish the things you mentioned. Howard Bloom mentions this kind of behavior in his excellent book, "The Lucifer Principle". Had they won, however, normal human behavior would simply have reasserted itself. It is still a political idea best suited for a perfect world.
I never liked Chomsky. He is quick to point out the shortcomings of the global capitalist system, but often seems to turn a blind eye to the failings of anti-Western rulers. His "solutions" are just attempts to whitewash and rehabilitate Communism under a different guise. I saw a television documentary about his ideas ("Manufacturing Consent") on Free Speech TV, an American TV channel devoted to promoting Leftist politics. No wonder he is the favorite of the aging hippies who control America's Leftist re-education youth camps...er, institutions of higher learning.
I am very skeptical that any Mars-oriented group will be able to enlist the aid of 'mainstream' environmentalist groups. The very idea of settling Mars is the antithesis of everything most environmental activists stand for. The Mars Society is also unlikely to get positive press coverage from the Left-dominated mass media outlets in the USA or anywhere else. The world's space programs, for the most part, are simply extensions of the military-industrial complex. Regardless of how much you or someone else might gush over the Sierra Club (or other group with similar aims), I have a gut feeling that the people who lead these groups will never think of Mars the way you do. I believe that any serious attempt to win their approval will either lead them to demand changes to the Mars Society's goals which many members might disapprove of, or will simply attract more unwanted attention from the aforementioned hostile elements of the 'Earth First' movement.
"Earth defender" sounds very poetic at face value. But since we're talking about Earth's living things, is it fair to apply that blanket label to groups like Earth Liberation Front (whose preferred weapon is arson)? Environmental lawyers who will rob thousands of logging industry workers of employment, to save an 'endangered' owl or frog? I don't think it is.
Supporting legislation to help ensure clean air and water is just good government. But a lot of this talk about preserving 'biodiversity' seems like a way of achieving radical Green aims through seemingly harmless regulation. Look at the staggering amounts of money the states in the western USA spend fighting lawsuits from these groups.
Ditto.
I share Zubrin's views regarding the urgency of becoming a two-planet species. The misanthropes who hold so much sway within the radical wing of the environmental movement will stop at nothing to end human spaceflight. Establishing a successful colony on Mars will bring the deathblow to the dream they dare not voice: The dream of an impoverished, miserable, 'sustainable' human future. A lot of their prattle about how indigenous peoples lived in 'harmony' with nature seems like a thinly veiled endorsement of discredited 18th century notions about the "Noble Savage". Stone Age barbarians lived in 'harmony' with their surroundings only because they lacked the means to do otherwise in the long term.
McKay is off-base in his assertions, in my opinion. I'm a bit more pessimistic. If we don't start working for a permanent human presence on Mars now, our species could lose the opportunity. We are only one large-scale bioterror attack or nuclear exchange away from a new Dark Age. Too much is at stake.
Oh C'mon! I LOVE Watto!
My favorite line of his (from 'Phantom Menace'; I don't have a great desire to see 'Attack Of The Clones' until I buy it on DVD):
"There you go again, waving your hands around like that! What do you think are, some kind of Jedi?"
Cobra Commander, I agree with you about self-defense weapons being allowed to the colonists if they feel they need them. I just don't think guns should be brought in. Too many risks. I have a sword and dagger collection in my house, and trust me...any one of them would be enough for my protection.
Crime will happen on Mars for the same reasons it happens on Earth. Because humans are innately filled with greed and hatred and bloodlust. If a superior educational system was the key to eliminating crime, wealthy and well-educated criminals wouldn't exist in the numbers they do. It is a failed paradigm of the 1960's that fell by the wayside long ago.
I just believe that while crime will be a long time coming to Mars (because of the demands of the Martian environment), it will come. I think it is unrealistic to believe that you can socially engineer crime out of existence, and people should be able to defend themselves. Terran powers (nations, corporations, et cetera) may seek to destroy Martian colonies without any warning, and may not care about settling the place themselves.
Those who disagree can make a weapon-free, military-free colony of their own. Personally, I'd rather be safe than sorry.
But no guns for individuals in the dome cities, I still say.
I'd thought of that myself when I answered the question. 'High speed' vehicles would be of limited value at first. However, after a settlement is built, it would make sense for the colonists to clear boulders and build paved roads (radiating out towards peripheral outposts). Ground transportation will finally be able to move a lot faster at that point.
I couldn't agree more.
Where do I sign up? Sounds like a rush...
Hoagland is a crank, in my opinion. However, the Cydonia "Face" nonsense keeps Mars in the public consciousness. This shadow-trick seizes the collective imagination in a way that ALH84001 never did.
How many moviegoers didn't enjoy watching "Total Recall"? If just one kid is inspired by Hoagland's paranoid fantasies to devote her life to studying Mars, he will have done humanity a service.
If there is such a thing as an afterlife for Mars activists, Percival Lowell must be there, waiting for him amongst the vast red expanse.
"Sorry, Dick. Don't feel bad. I thought I saw canals made by a dying civilization..."
No rational person wants anything but meaningful peace and prosperity for Martians.
Crime and war are bad for business.
Well, if NASA decides that ordering the astronauts to keep their pants on is too much to ask...it would be a product-placement triumph of interplanetary proportions for "Trojans", wouldn't it?
I'm torn about the whole celibacy-for-the-duration thing. The most skilled people for the job may have psychological difficulties coping with such a prolonged period without sexual intimacy. Personally, I'd make sure that both crew members of BOTH genders used birth control during the mission.
I'd read before that British police departments have special squads with armed officers. The downside, of course, being that police are helpless against an armed criminal until backup arrives. I'd also read that, per capita, just as many British police officers get killed on the job as in the USA. Knives and other common weapons are impossible to outlaw, and unlike shooting a gun, the criminal seldom misses his mark.
I feel safer having every one of my local cops armed with guns, thanks.
As I posted earlier, I have no problem with prohibiting ordinary citizens from carrying firearms on Mars. Was your statement affirming support for gun control a misreading of my position, a statement to the effect that security forces on Mars shouldn't carry guns, or simply an off-topic note of interest?
I share your optimism that crime and war will be greatly reduced on Mars. I still wouldn't trust ALL my neighbors, though, depending on who they are. First World nations may not fight each other, but eventually they won't be the only ones on Mars. China is certainly not a democracy. But within 100 years, their massive industrial complex might make them far more powerful than all the NATO countries combined.
Let's hope you're right, and bloodshed doesn't get in the way of an era of peaceful Martian economic expansion.
Good points about the value of plundering. Actually, I was thinking more about the costly life support hardware...but your point is equally valid.
Robert Zubrin and Richard Wagner mention a fuel called Silane (SiH4) in their book, "The Case For Mars" (pages 202-204). Silane burns in carbon dioxide in the same manner that gasoline does in oxygen. Silane can be mass-produced from native materials: It's a byproduct of manufacturing hyperpure silicon for Martian-made computer chips.
A combustion engine fueled with Silane might be just what you're looking for.
Enough to kill a human inside an EVA suit within twelve minutes, or so I read. That's pretty nasty. Maybe a Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) 'bubble' could provide adequate protection.
I believe the acronym I'm thinking of is...UNOMA. :angry:
Kim Stanley Robinson fans will understand.