You are not logged in.
Even at the equator the amount of light that Mars recieves is not perfect for growing plants even with the addition of additional light from Mirrors. Still benefits from increasing the atmosphere in an agriculture dome by increasing the CO2 concentration should cover for this. Heat could be provided by excess from the colonys nuclear plant and from heat exchangers removing the heat from the highly insulated Human areas.
We will ensure that the Human parts of the colony will be under a good degree of radiation protection even if sandbags under a brick covering. And to ensure that heat from such bases does not leak into the regolith and cause subsidence in a permafrost area we will insulate the areas very thoroughly. This will make the Human areas a sweatbox unless we can provide a form of air conditioning and using a heat exchanger to move this to the agriculture domes above does make sense.
Still we will benefit from modifying the plants we grow like incresing the chlorophyll count to increase light efficiency or by modifying the chlorophyll themselves. Probably making for not green plants but almost black but it will be good practice for designing plants to operate outside the domes in the martian wild.
Fine, Moon mining Inc it is. Every one gets a share in the company, let the Stockmarket trading begin. Eventually the Moon mineral rights will be owned by a few. but they will be shareholders of the Company.
As long as we specify that none of the Minerals are to come anywhere near the earth and that they are to leave in place a colony infrastructure that will last forever when they abandon the Lifeless resource drained moon (ie- remnant asteroid) when they are done, they can process and refine all the moon dust they want.
That way we can be certain of the trade of the people who go: Miners. the Working Class.
You read the treaty wrong there Srmeaney, You may mine the Moon and you can have a company mining the materials but You do not own the rights to mine the minerals and nor can you sell the right to mine. Therefore mineral rights are a no goer. And one other thing these minerals you mine you may not still own as they if treated like the law of the Ocean are the property of all mankind.This latter view depends on test cases which im sure will be brought up in the world court.
As to all those people you felt were not in the Mining industry, There are towns on this planet that consist of those people, and whose task is to support the industry of Mining. Yes Doctors and Nurses, Geologists, and Technicians, Materials Engineers, Electricians, Electrical Engineers, all these people provide the necessary support for a major mine to function safely and efficiently. They are about 33% of the real population of a mine & support town. The miners, engineers, plant operators comprise just over 50%, The rest are non critical personnel who are not employees of the Mine. They might own and operate a Bar, a shop, or even be the priest, or the Police and they comprise 17% of a mining community population.
What makes you consider we will be sending so many miners? By the time we are ready to go to Mars we will be almost completely automated in our approach to mining. Australia and South africa are showing the way to this. Probably we will need to send more technicians and plumbers to Mars than miners, even Mechanics will be more needed to keep the machinery up to standard. Personally I believe there will be little similarity between mining towns and martian colonies.
And two thousand years of rowing up a river of blood squeezed from your victims is not a religion, its a crime
Eh??? Just to add that this century that Pol Pot, Hitler, and Joeseph Stalin where all Aethiest and in sheer numbers of victims then..... You cannot blame religion for everything. And even the worst excesses ie the Spanish Inquisition where by Goverments with the church following the official line.
They say one of the toughest materials is spider silk as an example a pencil thin strand stretched across the flightpath of a 747 and secured tightly would stop the plane in flight without breaking.
Needless to say many people want to make more and see if we can use it in body armor clothing spacecraft hulls etc.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news … tml]Spider silk, artificial making
Its the structure of spider silk and its makeup that actually show its strength.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/Spiders/I … htm]Spider Silk an Article
Still a very unique and potentially very useful material.
do we need to do anything if we can put colonists on Mars we should be able to operate submarines under the ice in any ocean. Assuming we might want to
Well a Titan 4 launch has had to be delayed as it will fly over the Grandbanks area and this place has a lot of Canadian oil rigs. Canada is having these oil rigs abandoned and Oil production stopped due to the one in a thousand chance of a launch failure and a further one in hundred thousand chance of hitting an Oil rig from debris. Imagine what the panic would be if the launch carries nuclear material.
I don't think that ANYONE should by exluded from this great project for whatever reasons.
We will exclude those who are a threat to the sanctity of life, we will exclude those who are not interested in an equal share of the responsibility.
But you will still find that there will be more than one group going to access space and it will simply become a race between these groups. Note I said groups as this allows the possibility of commercial interests as well as religous or even groups of people from various nationalities going to Mars as they share a same idea that would not be allowed on Earth.
Your group may exclude who it likes others may only take the sort that you have excluded in the end we need all sorts to make a civilisation.
Still its a long way before we are capable of this.
HERMES is not dead. It is an unexploited legacy that must be moved forward until they can create what can truely be described as a Space plane. HOTOL was just a shuttle, HERMES is the direction they needed to look in, even if they got it wrong.
They just didn't know what they needed.
Hotol was just a shuttle, actually Hotol was a single stage to orbit spaceplane which used advanced sabre engines. It was far too far in advance of anything we could do but it is the direction we will go in. We will not be able to go straight to a single stage but we will use two or more completely reuasable ascent stages and with this we will be able to get people to space a lot cheaper than we can now.
Still until there is a need for such a craft we will go with the capsule approach and that is what Hermes was a capsule type shuttle that just had the capability of being completely reused. But the Russian capsules we currently have actually have a good degree of reuseability in them.
Still I cannot see an alliance between Russia and ESA lasting unless they are in direct competition with another country or feel that to be able to compete they must stay close. The only country that could be would be the USA, China and India and Japan though doing great progress are still off the Horizon. But maybe not forever.
No. just keep it to your self. And dont push it on others. You know,presreve the right of the individual to freedom from tyranny of church and state.
Self-government. not representative government, personal responsibility for individual actions. And exclusion from civilization if you cant respect that.
I might mention, 99% of the world's population believes in a religion/god.
only because they were forced to. and calculating the ability to move people into space, that is the same bunch left behind.
Most voluntary colonisation in the 17th and 18th centuries where by groups who fled there home lands to find a new life and to avoid religous persecution.
For the USA the pilgrim fathers are a good example these people where willing to move cause they where a religous minority. So Srmeaney there are a lot of reasons for people to move somewhere new and probabily dangerous. They just have to have faith in themselves and in the rest of there party.
Of course your commonwealth would do it the other way by the involuntarily transport of people in what could be called prison hulks.
It is said that when the going gets tough the tough get going.
To somewhere a lot easier.
And who's to say the tough wont be religous actually the chances are they will be you need to have a lot of faith to do this and to take your family with you or to even decide to go to a new world and to have your family there.
There seems to be anti EU bias in Russia at the moment and this also applies to the "client states" that are in the way. Russia did not like the Baltic states joining europe as this area was to Russia their fief. Russia looks at the expanding EU and sees only a potentially powerful problem.
One of the biggest issues that where in the Ukraines problematic election was that the progressive party that eventually won wants to join the EU. The fact that the other side resorted to vote rigging and the actual poisoning of the opposing leader with Dioxin shows the tensions that where there.
It did not help that Putin and Russia actually hailed the original elections and Yanukovich as victors even with the vote rigging shown. It was suggested should the Ukraine actually have gone to civil war over the result (which had been a real possibility) that Russia would have provided military support.
Anyway it makes sense for Russia to be involved with ESA it gets money for rockets and benefits from what ESA is doing. ESA of course gets a rocket system that can reasonably easily be upgraded to the Manned version and it benefits from the Russian experience and technology. But do they trust each other ???
Still Elon is at the beginning and can truly say that for him anything is possible...Of course this requires funds, a market and technology, but these problems can all be rectified
[Mad Grad queried: Has anyone here had a peanut butter-pickle sandwich before by any chance? If so, what kind of PB do you reccomend?]
No, but a couple of slices of fresh tomato on an open-face peanut butter is, for me, a delicious "comfort food" item.
By the way, as a fellow glider pilot, I always carry a Kit Kat chocolate-wafer candy bar, for when I'm climbing endlessly in a thermal and becoming careless from fatigue. It's a great thermal flying. Now that they've come out with a Kit Kat withpeanut-butter in it, I can't wait to try it out in my next thermal.
As a hill walker I always carry Kendal mint cake as the energy boost that is needed sometimes. Sitting on the top of some Ben somewhere and you get a chance for that instant super rush of energy.
It wont be the first time a treaty was torn up because one party has decided to press the advantage.
I notice it refers to rules governing states, not corporations and individuals. Have they made any progress in this area or can we expect the Catholic Church to claim Mars in the name of God?
The last thing we need is hordes of the faithful swarming out into the Universe like a plague.
Please Srmeaney I find that a very distasteful thing to say. I reject that you bring religous bigotism to a board that is designed to be forward thinking and to be here for the benefit and education of mankind. My country has been wracked by feuds between religous groups and we are a lot more understanding of what religous bigotry means. I have seen it personally and really hate it.
We found water on mars? Uh, no we haven't. We believe there WAS water on mars at one time but now it's all frozen in the regolith.
The process for cracking CO2 to get oxygen is very inefficient. It would take over 100 of the volleyball sized machines running constantly to support one person for a day.
I'm not so sure there will ever be anything more than a few visitors to mars. We don't even know that we can terraform mars. It might not be possible if there is not as much CO2 locked into the rocks as we imagine.
Frozen water is just as good as free. Simply defrost and we can get it by putting a dome over the soil and let it heat.
If cracking CO2 does not interest you then crack H2O
And Dook we will go to Mars and we will stay and to do that we need population and we will get them
Not necassarily that good. You see one of the possible places for life to have begun is in the prescence of heated water ie black smokers or in thermal pools. These places tend to have water with salty concentrations.
So on Mars if we want to find life then we should be looking for liquid water near a thermal source...Aquifers
And for Mars explorers getting fresh water is easy (Boil it and condense) and those salts are very useful for the long term approach to Mars
The USA claims the Moon because it's flag is there. Will the USA recognise China as the sole Governing body of Mars and the resources there if it puts down a flag on the red planet?
The USA does not claim the Moon it cannot due to the Outer space treaty which specifically bars any country from so doing so. The USA may have a flag on the Moon but it means little except to show American winning of the space race (1 ??? ) and there great landing on the Moon. The Moon treaty is more or less universally ratified by the world.
http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/o … html]Outer Space treaty a guide
This will show the points of the treaty.
America had an oxygen atmosphere, food supply, water! Mars doesn't! Don't you get it? We couldn't afford the constant resupply ships.
Ah but we have already found water on Mars and we also have the ability to crack the CO2 to get oxygen and of course the carbon. This would give us the ability to create plant capable ground out of the Martian regolith and this means food.
But moving ten million colonists is not going to happen anytime soon. We will have the capability one day to support that many on Mars but we have not yet sent a man there so it wont be this century.
No it just indicates that minerals have been disolved in water that is all salt water is. of course finding salt water is a good sign as this indicates water that has flowed to disolve salts and has remained liquid. And this would be a perfect place to find life.
We also have to plan in what will happen to such a colony in the future. The likehood of that water is its in the form of a perma frost and if we construct a colony on such a site and it then is under the influence of a slightly warmed Mars as a result of terraforming then we could have real engineering problems.
Even without the terraforming then we may still have problems as the colony will heat the soils under it and we could still get subsidence or worse as the permafrost melts.
Personally im not sure if this will be a problem but then again it is best we work out what might be and get fixes.
the low gravity would help the food grow easier than on earth
Why would it help food grow easier actually low gravity can be a real pain for plant growth. An example look at grain if under gravity it grows a lot longer stalks then not only will there be less grain produced but the stalks will be fragile.
A permanent Base will require massive Radiation shielding(rock), Minable resources (rock with useful stuff mixed in) and more living quarters than we can send (caves and tunnels cut in rock, aka Mines). Basicly once we get past a hundred at any given site, we need an underground city based on the mining and processing of major resource bodies.
90 million miles and two hundred thousand years just to live in caves...again.
Not really a decent radiation protection can be done with just the use of about 6 feet of sandbagged dust plus the walls of the habitat.
We can dig a trench place our permanent facility in and simply cover it with martian soil. Plenty of radiation protection there certainly enough to protect the people living there and giving them earth like protection from cosmic radiation.
And we still live in caves, just what are houses but artificial caves
err... what do you mean lift off? Once we get there, it has to be to stay.
Well yes but, If we use a NEMF to do transport back and forth to any vehicle entering Martian space it will be economically cheaper than using vehicles that are launched from Earth and are one way shots. This improves transport between Earth and Mars and we will still send people who will want to return to Earth, maybe by undiagnosed problems that cannot be dealt with on Mars. Of course an NEMF will not really be an option for a Martian first colony but if we use cyclers then it will come and we may as well build for it.
Another advantage to being at the equator is that we benefit from the maximum amount of light that can fall on Mars and use it for solar panels. But even these will be poor energy supplies, But unlike other places in the Solar system Mars actually is a bit energy poor in sources where we can use.
right after our telling off by cindy...
To decide where we are going to create a colony on Mars is actually too soon. Unlike the Moon where there are places that have real advantages we dont have the knowledge yet of where these places are on Mars. Of course being near a source of water is an essential but it might be that we find an aquifer which would be even more useful as it would be a power source on a planet where Solar and wind are relatively a poor source of power.
And we also have other needs like maybe putting our first base on the equator so that we get an advantage on liftoff. Still I can quarantee that at the moment we do not have a definite plan for the first colony and I think we wont make plans for any colony until we have sent a manned expedition or two to Mars.
But that is for the future and our needs on an expedition like this will become more settled. By this I mean we will have a good idea what we actually need to have to create a functioning colony.
we do know it exists we can make antiprotons in our largest colliders but it is horribly expensive to make and we really cannot store it.
The best way to solve Venus tempatures is to build a large enough soletta that the sun is reduced on reaching the planet it then goes we can use the soletta to power things on the planet.
Of course we are very far from the capability of building so large a soletta
Well here is a good site to show you how we simulate gravity on an artificial satelite
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/phys … Artificial gravity
Centripetal force is very effective but we have also found that the amount of rotations per minute is important too so that crew aboard do not suffer from dizzieness. It seems that a rotation of 2 rpm seems the best for the crew.
To create a feeling of sunlight and of being on a planet aboard a spacestation involves some suttle adaptions of various laws and of course the use of mirrors. And an O'Neil cylinder (like babylon 5) of sufficient size will have clouds in the center of the cylinder, naturally.
Our problem is that we have almost no real effective way to store power when it is not required. A power station takes a minimum of many hours to power up and often days so when a demand is needed then there are very few power sources that can quickly "come on line". The best is Hydro power which can have electrical generation coming from its turbines quickly when needed. Another benefit of hydro is that when power is not needed across the grid it is possible to use the spare capacity to reverse the turbines to pump water back up to higher lochs and when it is needed it can be activated to pump water back down at peak need.
Another more modern possible way to store "power" is to use Fuel cells to provide peak power need and to have the system reversed when we have little need for power but still have generation going. Another advantage to fuel cells is that this system can be made to work anywhere unlike Hydro which is very terrain dependant