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Maybe half of copper use can be substituted with aluminium. Cabling appears to be doable, motors and transformers not really. That still leaves a massive shortfall if the entirety of humanity is to be brought up to a western standard of living, quite apart from any additional electrification... there are resources, but the grade is really low, so I won't be surprised if it ends up overtaking nickel in value.
Silver has settled somewhat, or at least is creeping upwards *relatively* slowly compared to its spike; I expect it will end up around $2.80-3.00 per gram. Quite a bit more than the $0.8-0.9 I paid for 54g back in 2013 that I need to sort out my access to (BullionVault).
FWIW the copper prices mean the pre 92 british copper coins (actual copper) are worth 2.5-3x their face value. Of course, meddling with the coinage is illegal in Britain. Key part there being "in Britain".
Silver! The price still hasn't caught up to the end of the gold standard. Historical silver:gold price ratios were 10-15, until countries moved off silver and on to gold alone for their currency. Still a ways to go for it to correct back to such ratios, but I expect it will, particularly since it has useful industrial properties.
Looking over at Iran, wondering when the panic buying starts. Filled up my tank just in case. There were people there with containers to fill, petrol not diesel, so you're capped at 30L unless you notify the fire service. Diesel has no such limits because a spark won't cause an inferno.
In domestic news, looking forward to the Manchester by-election. Not unlikely Reform take it, causing much wailing and gnashing of teeth. Fun times, though St George's Day could be funner. Depends on how many more girls get raped by dinghymen between now and then, perhaps.
Easing off now, but copper price has spiked quite high.Pre 92 two/pennies are worth far more than their face value, like 2.5-3x. Silver peaked at $3.80 per gram -- https://goldtrack.io/silver. Copper hit $13.53/kg.
It's starting to sink in I think that electrifying everything requires metals, which requires mining, which requires ores high grade enough to be worth mining. Ores we uh don't have. Copper is useful enough I think that we'd still mine it if the only source cost $100/kg, but we couldn't use it liberally. Aluminum is going up too, naturally.

So any competant nation could build a workable car of good quality. Just maybe without all of the superfluous electronics.
Britain, the country of the Henry Hoover and creator of The Best Plug In The World, should be all over this. Amongst other ruggedised simple equipment.
Truly, England's derpier continental sibling.
I have suggested before that hexagonal blocks would be a good design for a Lunar city. Can fit a circular pressure wall sandwiched between two layers of radiation shielding, and the blocks tesselate so the city can be expanded without creating expanses of empty space between blocks. Some blocks allocated as parks. Can be different heights -- imagine a central block being redeveloped with a tower.
Canals! They still use them in the Netherlands. In Britain we prefer to move rocks via the roads, in big heavy trucks that block the road.
Finally have a loicense to drive my car. Yay! No more reliance on overpriced underreliable trains that get hit with the ocassional wildcat strike!
Can it draw a 12 of Hearts yet?
The thing with AI so far, that precludes it being AGI, is there's no integration. It's not an expert in multiple fields it's multiple experts in a trenchcoat. Grok can tell you what a 12 of Hearts card would look like, but if you ask it to draw one it puts 15 hearts on, or 14, or 11. It's not capable of combining e.g. language and visuals in the way a human can do intuitively. Or, for that matter, combining different fields of knowledge to generate insights. Still a stochastic parrot.
Which, you know, is still pretty powerful. A person with a good grounding in multiple fields now has experts on tap, so their ability to synthesise knowledge has massively improved. The human brings the intuition, the AI brings the knowledge.
Depends where you are. Cheapest is probably going to be solar (thermal) in deserts. Best for Britain, if not nuclear then wind, though possibly low temp solar thermal in summer for interseasonal storage.
There are a lot of energy intensive industries that could be located near deserts. Aluminum refining, for example. Glass making. Smelting with electrolysed hydrogen? Australia has a lot of the raw resources and a big desert for providing the power.
Well, in Spaniards example its more "suppose a farmer expends an average of 3000 calories to get 3300". Enough to survive, but he's living at subsistence level and survival is the only thing he can do.
Spaniard,
If energy use is roughly proportional to economic activity, having to use half your energy to rebuild your energy infrastructure means half your economic activity is dedicated to energy production. We haven't been in this situation since... the British Agricultural Revolution? If it's fully automated luxury gay space communism I guess that's manageable, since the robots are doing all the work. Though in the case of solar you're going to be taking up a lot of land if you need to devote most of it to making more solar panels.
Tbh, it doesn't seem unlikely that, with decent thermal storage and a focus on using power when it is generated, as well as a good wind power generation supply, biofuel would be enough to cover the small amount of mechanical/electrical power that needs to be generated on demand. A fair few energy intensive tasks can be made intermittent to run on wind, including I would expect grinding and crushing processes. Desalination, too. Britain has 5GW of nuclear still, and that would be enough for the domestic grid if we picked the low hanging fruit for intermittent power use (large tanks of hot water, including kettles; appliances that use the hot water supply instead of heating water with electricity; not running the tumble dryer if it's an expensive electricity day).
Loss of bioavailable lithium implicated in Alzheimers Disease.
Tracks with high natural lithium water levels being associated with reduced dementia prevalance. Could be that we've almost all been deficient in it -- like the Swiss used to be with iodine (developed goiter as a consequence). Levels it has an effect at are far below therapeutic doses for bipolar. Probably a good idea tonstart supplementing.
Wind turbine that uses a shroud to catch wind and channel it to a ground level turbine.

Safer for wildlife, and presumably not as top heavy. A potential contender for floating wind generation?
I think they're all right, in some universe or another ![]()
My understanding of it is that time is symmetrical -- its not (just) alternate futures forming the multiverse, but also alternate pasts, and when you don't observe a specific past they all happen and overlap with each other. So the electron went through the right slit AND the left slit, and the two universes where that is the sole difference are close enough to each other to interfere and generate an interference pattern. Whereas if you observe one, you collapse it down to a definite past, and the pattern disappears.
Void,
Colocating demand might reduce the necessary building out of the grid, but aside from the transformers the grid is built of steel and aluminum, both very abundant metals. You're still going to need a lot of copper.
The goal here would be to create marine environments that are comparable to earth, perhaps as nature preserves.
A torus is one option. A pole to pole cylinder is another. Not exclusive, either -- a world could have a few such tracks hollowed out. The cylinder does have the benefit of having the greatest counterbalancing mass, allowing for internal habitat to be quite deep. Instead of a few metres of soil, they could have shallow seas. If we want to replicate expansive 1g (shallow) oceanic environments, it may be the most practical option. Of course, lower gravity allows for deeper seas. Blue whales can dive down to about 300m, but it's unlikely this is essential. 100m deep 0.5g whale cylinder, maybe? 1000km long by 100km diameter would be... smaller than the North Sea, but hopefully big enough for them.
On smaller world we can have shallower seas and islands. A torus would be most adventure friendly. Sail far enough and you're back home.
A hypervelocity railgun attached to an automated targeting system might be a good weapon for anti drone defence. Or missile, if it's fast enough/can track the missile. Would be best if the rounds fragment into a cloud after leaving the barrel, like a shotgun. Iron Dome is pretty expensive to run. I know there's Iron Beam, using lasers for this, but perhaps a railgun would be significantly cheaper and so preferable for anti drone defense, keeping the lasers for shooting down fast missiles.
It may be that the primary role of these turn out to be defensive. As someone who is not too fond of war, I like that. I can't see them being vastly more destructive than current shelling is, and kill vs overkill you're still dead. Hmm, maybe it could improve targeting, actually, and reduce collateral damage? Take out the headquarters without so much explosive you take out the school next door too. Explosive rounds could be shot straight into the ground before exploding.
Did you ever get an answer?
They haven't given it to the Chagos Islanders, they've given it to a completely unrelated country on the spurious notion that being grouped together for administrative reasons by an imperial power one time means they belong to that country.
It's also a poetic name for the island, with connotations of myth and wonder.
For all his faults, if he deports the Boriswave and stops putting up boat people in scarce housing he'll have done a far better job than his predecessor. Some damage is a lot easier to reverse.
The thing about Keir is, he has no opinions or beliefs of his own. He's committed to doing whatever a court tells him to do. If they'd said trans women are women, instead of ruling trans women must use the men's toilets, he would commit to defending that instead. If a court had told him the Chagos Islands belong to the Maldives, he would be very clear that the Chagos Islands belong the Maldives. Whether or not Acts of Parliament can overrule judges in his mind, I don't know. Perhaps. If Parliament changes the immigration rules, he might be a very keen defender of the new rules...
The sun has set on the United Kingdom for the first time in 200 years. Keir Starmer gave away our islands and a large sum of money, in return for which Mauritious will give us nothing at all. Worst deal in the history of deals, maybe ever.
We're still in twilight though, I believe. Night has not yet fallen. And Diego Garcia is under a lease now (which the next government should void, along with all the payments, and make it clear to Mauritious they aren't having our island) so it's still administered by us. We're holding on by a very thin thread, a very thin thread.
Perhaps, at least, we can finally bury the Yookay and let Albion return...
Hey it's my Twitter mutual!
I haven't got a clear answer yet on why they're focused on natural gas first. Think it's because there's an existing market, whereas Propane/DME would require modifying engines. But the latter at least are more storable yes.
Honestly, solar powered desalination and biofuel crops in deserts might be quite cheap. Though perhaps not abundant enough for a 1-to-1 replacement for fossil fuels. But for the things where we absolutely need energy dense liquid fuels maybe.