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#176 2022-10-18 06:45:37
- tahanson43206
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Re: Ceres
For Terraformer re Mars_B4_Moon #175
Right down your alley!
(th)
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#177 2023-08-06 12:35:27
- Mars_B4_Moon
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Re: Ceres
Scientists “excited” about sample from asteroid Bennu arriving in September
https://interestingengineering.com/scie … roid-bennu
A group of Canadian scientists is eagerly awaiting for a sample from the asteroid Bennu that will come September 24 seven years after NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft blasted off Earth to go collect the package.
The craft will now drop a capsule into the Earth's atmosphere containing matter plucked from the surface of Bennu, an asteroid dating from the early history of the solar system.
Calathus: A sample-return mission to Ceres
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a … 6520307931
GAUSS -- A Sample Return Mission to Ceres
https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07731
some older articles From 1 year ago
'Why this Ceres mission could change the search for alien life'
https://web.archive.org/web/20220709055 … alien-life
Ceres’ surface has cold regions that can trap water ice
https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/miss … water-ice/
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#178 2024-07-03 14:29:10
- Terraformer
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Re: Ceres
If a sub 1mb atmosphere is desired, held in place by a magnetic field, we should be able to source the mass from Ceres itself. A 100 microbar atmosphere, suitable for screening out micrometeors, would only require 36kg per square metre. Thats a 4cm layer of water across the entire planet that would need to be exposed, at which point it will sublimate and (hopefully) be retained by the magnetic field, at least the oxygen. Such an atmosphere would also screen out a lot of radiation that would be expected to damage the worldhouse roof.
Maybe giving Ceres an atmosphere, albeit a very thin one, will turn out to be a relatively modest task?
Use what is abundant and build to last
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#179 2024-07-03 17:38:47
- Calliban
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Re: Ceres
The presence of water on Ceres makes this sort of thing much more achievable.
In fact, Ceres may be key to terraforming Mars, as it is 10% water by mass. Suppose we mount mass drivers on the surface of Ceres. We launch packages of water ice in the opposite direction to Ceres orbital travel, so a portion of the orbital speed is cancelled out. They are given just enough velocity to reduce ther perogee such that it crosses Mars orbit. Eventually, these ice packages will collide with Mars exploding in its upper atmosphere. This will supersaturate the upper atmosphere with water vapour. In addition to creating a strong greenhouse effect, solar UV will break the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The former would rapidly escape Mars, with the oxygen being trapped and accumulating within the atmosphere.
We would need to deliver 7.2E17kg of water to the Martian atmosphere to produce a minimal breathable surface oxygen concentration. That is 82 million tonnes per hour, for 1000 years.
Last edited by Calliban (2024-07-03 17:46:11)
"Plan and prepare for every possibility, and you will never act. It is nobler to have courage as we stumble into half the things we fear than to analyse every possible obstacle and begin nothing. Great things are achieved by embracing great dangers."
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#180 2024-07-03 18:00:30
- Terraformer
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Re: Ceres
That would require strip mining Ceres down to... maybe 600m? Quite significant relative to its size, but could be combined with a paraterraforming project quite well.
A far smaller fraction of that would enable an ozone layer and provide the minimum necessary for advanced plant life 
I can certainly live with that. Though tbf using solettas to drive Martian water into the atmosphere would be a lot easier.
Use what is abundant and build to last
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#181 2024-07-03 20:42:51
- Void
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- Registered: 2011-12-29
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Re: Ceres
I am going to request your tolerance Terraformer, and Calliban.
I do regard this topic is yours Terraformer.
I have been considering a different type of shell method for large asteroids. The hill sphere of Ceres is interesting.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere Image Quote: 
You can see that the Hill Sphere of Ceres appears to be bigger than that of Mercury.
If a shell were made nearly the size of the hill sphere of Ceres for Ceres, then some method to keep Ceres centered within it may be desired.
If left to no other device, I might suggest magnetic repulsion to keep the Dwarf Planet centered. But I think that a thin atmosphere might give assistance to that desire.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_kinet … 20molecule.
Quote:
Viscosity
The viscosity of gases is the result in the transfer of each molecule of gas as they pass each other from layer to layer. As gases tend to pass one another, the velocity, in the form of momentum, of the faster moving molecule speeds up the slower moving molecule.
So, I am imagining that the gas density in the interior of the shell would be below the viscous flow level in pressure.
These are things that i have a partial understanding of: https://www.leybold.com/en-us/knowledge … %3E%3E%20d.
Quote:
How to calculate flow rate and types of flow in vacuum physics
I am perhaps looking for a contained molecular flow to, in part, help center the shell around Ceres.
I do not want the shell directly connected to Ceres by cables or towers. Rather, I want an air bearing. The force of the spin would be unfavorable if it had the spin of Ceres. The shell may well fly apart in that case.
Instead, it may be desirable to simulate tidal locking to the sun, with the shell.
But there would be other factors, such as the solar wind and the Photon wind.
But to return to the molecular air bearing on the inside of the shell, if an impactor punches a hole in the shell, only molecules which are traveling in a path from the situation of a bounce would pass though the hole. There would not be a viscous outflow of gas. Robots could continuously repair the shell to reduce that factor as well.
But the solar wind could be a source of gasses if you had openings situated on the sunward side. Or I think it may be possible to make some method to capture the solar wind into the shell.
Composition of the solar wind: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind
Quote:
The composition of the solar wind includes12345:
Charged particles: electrons, protons, and alpha particles.
Helium (alpha particles) makes up about 8% of the solar wind.
Trace amounts of heavy ions and atomic nuclei: C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe.
The solar wind is a flow of completely ionized gas expanding outward from the Sun's corona.
Anyway, I previously noticed something about the solar wind and Phobos. There is some reason to suppose that the (+) particles of the solar wind may be passing into the interior of Phobos, and it seems that the leeward side of Phobos is of a (-) charge. I may well be reaching too far, but it seems that the leeward side of Phobos is (-) because the heavy atomic Ions cannot get into that space as quickly as do the electrons.
https://screenrant.com/mars-moon-phobos … ime%20ever.
A hope would be to extract electric power from this situation if possible, with a large shell around an asteroid.
And the sunward side with sunlight on it all the time would also perhaps be a source of energy.
The shell would perhaps be substantial enough to support transport devices such as trains, and also to host habitats.
The asteroid could be minded very deeply perhaps even getting into the core in the case of Vesta, I hope.
I don't know but it may be possible to have a more substantial air pressure near the surface of the asteroid, perhaps viscous in nature, attenuating with increased altitude.
I have mentioned air bearing effects and magnetism as methods to keep the shell and the asteroid appropriate so that the asteroid is centered in the shell. But if the shell is larger than the hill sphere it may be possible to hang weight on cables from the sunward side of the shell to keep the shell from being pushed out of place by the solar wind and the photon wind.
It may be that more than one shell could be used. One inside of the Hill Shell could be tied to Ceres and have higher pressure inside of it.
The sunward face of the Hill Shell could have optics to direct sunlight to the asteroid or a more inner shell.
The leeward side of the Hill Shell being very cold, it may be possible to condense escaping gasses of some types on it.
Done
It may be possible to release some Oxygen into the Hill Shell and to conduct the solar wind inside, and to create water, which might condense on the underside of the hill shell in the leeward side.
The solar wind would also inject some Helium and then some trace gasses as well.
Done
Last edited by Void (2024-07-03 21:27:55)
Is it possible that the root of political science claims is to produce white collar jobs for people who paid for an education and do not want a real job?
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#182 2024-07-04 04:28:47
- Calliban
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Re: Ceres
A 1 microbar equivelent atmosphere on Earth would equate to a column density of 0.01kg/m2. Ceres is outgassing at a rate of ~10^26 molecules per second.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12918
If we put in place a mechanism for trapping this gas, a microbar atmosphere would accumulate in about a century. Rocket exhaust would add to this. An artificial magnetosphere created by buried superconducting loops could do this job. The magnetosphere would also deflect solar particles released by coronal mass ejections. Neither the atmosphere or magnetosphere will deflect more than a small fraction of cosmic ray particles. To filter out heavy primary radiation, we would need at least a millibar equivelent column density, or 10kg/m2. That is 1000x more than 1 microbar.
But that might happen surprisingly quickly. As we start mining on Ceres and disturb the crust, hydrated material will be uncovered and will sublime. Rocket traffic will release carbon dioxide and water vapour. Pressurised structures will leak. As Void makes clear, solar wind particles will also be trapped by the magnetosphere.
Last edited by Calliban (2024-07-04 04:46:00)
"Plan and prepare for every possibility, and you will never act. It is nobler to have courage as we stumble into half the things we fear than to analyse every possible obstacle and begin nothing. Great things are achieved by embracing great dangers."
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#183 Today 15:07:15
- Void
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Re: Ceres
I have wondered from time to time if the Earth's Moon and Ceres would be a good partnership. Attention to the Moon has increased, Including SpaceX. If indeed a mass driver system can be made for the Moon, then we will have vast riches of common materials in the Earth/Moon hill sphere.
But now I think I may have a method as well to get the other materials we may want from Ceres or other asteroids, to the Earth/Moon system and also Deimos/Phobos/Mars.
From: "Index» Terraformation» The Moon"
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.ph … 23#p238023
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.ph … 24#p238024
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.ph … 25#p238025
From post #474:
I think this might do it!
Perhaps now I am not as interested in photon sailing. The Aluminum coated Mylar mirror may be more substantial in thickness than that.
For a world like Ceres, we might have Carbon Space Elevators that conduct electricity from orbital power stations of some sort.
These ships then would be mass produced. You still could use the mirror as a sail if you pushed it with some kind of a particle beam.
the device would likely behave like a higher thrust Electric Rocket. So, after a boost to go more into the inner solar system the mirror would focus power on the solar panels and the electric power would be used to split water into Hydrogen and Oxygen, and that would be burned immediately to provide thrust. You would modify your boosted elliptical orbit to be more circular around the sun and might drop your ship ahead of the dimple of the hill sphere of Earth/Moon or Mars. So then to perhaps get a bit of ballistic capture effect.
You could arrive with a bit of water still in your tank. The mirror would have Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and perhaps Nitrogen in its chemistry. The Aluminum on it surface might also be recoverable. The water in the water tank and the water tank itself would also be a source of materials to recycle. And of course, all the other parts of the device.
So, Tesla/Xai/SpaceX with robotic labor could mass produce these ships to fly to Earth/Moon or other terrestrial planets.
Ending Pending
So, I am thinking about ways to boost the structure to a more inner sun orbit from Ceres. Various options may work.
For the moment I will explore particle beams.
I am thinking that the device might be pot into a "Stored" setting for a push, perhaps from a mass driver of tether or power beam:
Beamed power or particle beams might be involved: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam-powered_propulsion
Quote:
Mass beam systems
Another beam-pushed concept uses pellets or projectiles of ordinary matter. A stream of pellets from a stationary mass-driver is "reflected" by the spacecraft, cf. mass driver.[17] The spacecraft neither needs energy nor reaction mass for propulsion of its own. For craft at sub-relativistic velocities, mass beams would be more efficient than photon beams. Nordley and Crowl point out, "A photon must travel at the speed of light and until relativistic velocities are reached, a reflected photon carries away almost as much energy as it started with. A massive particle’s velocity, however, can be tuned so that the reflected mass is left almost dead in space relative to the beam generators, having surrendered almost all of its kinetic energy to the starship."[18]
Electrons have mass. Other particles are possible.
I don't know if a Neumann Drive or Magdrive could be focused enough to push the device.
I think mass beams are rather a new notion, at least to me.
Actually, if you wanted to go low tech you might simply use Stored Hydro Lox for the boost.
So, anyway after the boost the device wouild be Unfolded to look like this: 
As you got closer to the sun you might move the water tank - power supply - Thrusters closer in to the mirror to reduce the amount of focused light.
In any case, as I see it now, if SpaceX and others can indeed do Mass Drivers for the Moon and also synthetic robot labor, then I think that the mass production of such methods could be very beneficial to a solar system civilization.
Ending Pending
Last edited by Void (Today 15:37:11)
Is it possible that the root of political science claims is to produce white collar jobs for people who paid for an education and do not want a real job?
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