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The beauty of starting this system is at the beginning there is almost no such thing as mission failure, you simply grow one of the ancient atmospheres on Earth where some form of old Earth chemistry or ancient organics happened.
I don't think this would fit into Terraforming because the mission would be done inside Biodomes and it would not change the entire atmosphere of Mars...yet
Why not create multiple Habitat of evolution Atmospheres, create something that is perhaps even hostile to man but good for feeding types of Primitive Earth life. Rather than race to make a 'Garden of Eden' for humans on Mars could you take it slow and manufacture a soup or goo, create smelly lakes or slime plants, simple life forms pockets of Precambrian Atmospheres inside Mars Biodomes, the more primitive version of Earth, good feeds plants that feed Insect and Lizard and Moss and Plant and Mushroom and it feeds a more sophisticated version of an Earth-like dome eventually made on Mars. China’s Chang’e-4 mission became the first ever mission to test animal plant life on an offworld bio-system inside a Rover, an to grow plants on the Moon but the plants eventually died.
Ordovician Period
https://natmus.humboldt.edu/exhibits/li … ian-period
488.3 to 443.7 Million years ago
QUOTE
The Ordovician* lasted about 45 million years and saw the transition from very primitive to relatively modern life-forms in the seas. The “Ordovician radiation” which followed the late Cambrian extinctions, lead to a tripling of marine diversity, the greatest increase in the history of life, and giving the highest levels of diversity seen during the Paleozoic Era. As a result, all of the common invertebrate fossil groups and a few vertebrates were present by the end of this period. Starfish, brittle stars, crinoids, and echinoids, all of which have living representatives, first appeared in the Ordovician. In the evolutionary history of animal life this radiation was second only to the “Cambrian explosion” in importance. The new Paleozoic fauna created by the “Ordovician radiation” dominated the seas for the next 230 million years. Pandemic species of planktonic graptolites and conodontes appear in the fossil record during this Period. Their world-wide distribution and evolution during the Ordovician make them key species for correlating fossil deposits. Unlike in the Cambrian, most animal evolution in the Ordovician involved refining existing body plans rather than developing new ones. Bryozoans, the last animal phyla to appear in the fossil record, have the only new body plan, and they may have evolved in the Cambrian, but only became mineralized, and thus left fossils, in the Ordovician.
AI machine robots and Humanoid farm workers could look after these goo slime algae lakes and 'Seas' without putting humans at risk. Cyanobacteria which use water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to create their food. Create a primitive atmosphere inside Dome or Caves, put lifeform Biospheres in Saline locations. Mars Domes could be seeded with bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation or diazotrophy is an that converts dinitrogen (N2) gas to ammonia (NH3) using the nitrogenase protein complexes. One would need to be careful creating all this soup and goo because the air might be toxic poisonous or you might create new pathogenic disease or virus, however it could also be a good way to make air. Some bacteria will have a negative effect on the sexual health of humans, Pseudomonadota are associated with the imbalance of the microbiotic community in the lower reproductive tract of women. Sulfidogenic microorganisms for example "breathe" sulfate rather than molecular oxygen (O2) Sulfate-reducing microorganism can be part of this Prehistoric Atmosphere cycle. Early Earth was probably heat and smoke and fire and oceans filled with dirt, almost completely anoxic or lacking in oxygen and then what follows is "Cambrian substrate revolution" or "Agronomic revolution", evidenced in trace fossils, is the diversification of animal burrowing during the early Cambrian period, bacteria and simple life would also regulate the emissions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Sulfate-reducing bacteria and their H2S emissions were probably pushed down to the deeper layers, making the upper layers of the sea-floor habitable for a much wider range of organisms. Ediacaran peroid marks the first appearance of widespread multicellular fauna across Planet Earth following the end of Snowball Earth glaciation events, the so-called Ediacaran biota, maybe the Biodomes of Mars could follow this path which is represented by now-extinct relatively simple animal phyla such as Proarticulata. The Black Sea is now a scene of War with Russia's invasion of ukraine but it is important in our Earth history, it is considered a modern model for ancient anoxic ocean basins. Studying sites on Earth relative abundance of isotope fractionation you chemical signature of the MIF of sulfur is found prior to 2.4–2.3 billion years ago but disappears after. Simple plant and Algae Photoautotrophs are organisms that use light energy and inorganic carbon to produce organic materials, Alphaproteobacteria can grow at very low levels of nutrients. The biosphere of our Earth has gone beyond our initial understanding into Extremophile hot acidic areas, it has been found to extend at least 914 m 3,000 ft 0.57 mi below the ice of Antarctica, it has been found deep inside mines where life was thought not to exist and life eco-systems include the deepest crushing parts of the ocean. Earliest known life forms on Earth are putative fossilized microorganisms found in hydrothermal vent precipitates, there is probably still warmth and geological activity inside certain regions on Mars. Other Domes and Biospheres of Mars might take the route of 'Great Oxidation Event' to make Air from more the Primitive Pre-historic style Domes on Mars, the simple primitive lifeforms inside an 'Ancient Atmosphere' would then send O2 to support multi-cellular growth and diversification of life inside other atmosphere Biodomes of Mars. Acidobacteriota, Green sulfur bacteria play important roles in the chemical process, perform carbon fixation blue-green algae would then make the Prehistoric Air. Eventually the atmosphere inside some Major Domes and Biosphere could transform into the Air of the Dinosaur Triassic period, between 243 and 233 million years ago.
Once you have manufactured different types of Air inside different types of Domes you more or less have an industry Mars manufacture ability up and running
NASA education site
'Life in the Extremes'
https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/classroom … dingcards/
Astrobiology Extremophile Trading Cards
Growing a Jungle with more CO2, the normal atmospheric CO2 level is about 300 ppm while an ideal range for maximum plant growth is 1500 ppm meaning you increase the Level of CO2 in your biosphere or Bidome and we need to increase CO2 levels by 1200 ppm
Global plant growth surging alongside carbon dioxide
https://www.noaa.gov/news/study-global- … on-dioxide
A trace gas present in the atmosphere in miniscule amounts is helping scientists answer one of the biggest questions out there: Has plant growth increased alongside rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
It turns out the answer is Yes – in a big way. A new study published in the April 6 edition of the journal Nature concludes that as emissions of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels have increased since the start of the 20th century, plants around the world are utilizing 30 percent more carbon dioxide (CO2), spurring plant growth.
In 2007, NOAA scientist Stephen Montzka wrote a pivotal paper that identified the trace gas, carbonyl sulfide, as a key to estimating how much CO2 plants are taking in as they grow.
Recently, Montzka was part of a team of scientists led by Elliot Campbell of University of California, Merced, that reviewed the 54,000-year record for atmospheric carbonyl sulfide from measurements of air trapped in the snowpack at the South Pole. “When we did, we discovered a massive, changing signal from the biosphere,” he says.
Why carbonyl sulfide?
Plants take up CO2 when they photosynthesize, but they release it when they respire, decay or are burned. That means that the removal rate of CO2 by plants can’t be directly estimated on global scales from measurements of CO2 alone.
But plants need other nutrients, including sulfur – and once they grab it, they don’t give it back. Carbonyl sulfide – or COS, a molecule comprised of a carbon atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom – is found in tiny amounts (parts per trillion) in the atmosphere. Ongoing NOAA sampling and analysis of air trapped in Antarctic ice cores has enabled scientists to estimate changes in plant consumption of carbonyl sulfide during the past 100 years and then calculate how much CO2 plants are absorbing.
The study provides the first truly global estimate of the amount of CO2 that plants “fix” into their tissues like leaves in response to increasing concentrations of the gas over the past century. Montzka says that tracking COS will help scientists monitor how much carbon land plants are removing from the atmosphere as CO2 levels increase.
“These results will help us better predict the biosphere’s response to continued fossil fuel emissions – and ultimately improve our predictions of climate change.”
Atmosphere of the Mesozoic Era
https://prezi.com/3fjgpr8s1vrt/atmosphe … ozoic-era/
https://finnolux.com/the-mesozoic-era-f … -timeline/
The Mesozoic Era is commonly subdivided into three geologic periods:Triassic (252 to 201.3 million years ago)Jurassic (201.3 to 145 million years ago)Cretaceous (145 to 66 million years ago)The Mesozoic Era begins in the wake of the largest extinction in Earth’s history. This extinction took place 252 million years ago and resulted in 96% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life dying out. The cause of the extinction is not fully understood, but eventually it led to dinosaurs dominating the planet for 135 million years.
The rise of the dinosaurs began at the end of the Triassic Period. This gave rise to a two-legged omnivore roughly three feet long named Eoraptor. Scientists believe the Eoraptor thrived and evolved into the many species of dinosaurs that would dominate the planet during the Jurassic period.Dinosaurs dominated the planet for 135 million years during the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.
What was the density and composition of Earth's atmosphere during the Cretaceous warmest period?
https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/ … cretaceous
Some previous discussions on newmars
Seasonal Methane on Mars
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=7999
growing fuel
Algae
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=9947
Jurassic Park on Mars?
Dinosaurs
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=7254
Mars atmospheric loss and lifetime
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=8461
Industrial development on Mars
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=7701
Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2022-09-04 12:24:29)
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Through air pollution, land and sea pollution we are already Terraforming our own Planet Earth, lets assume for now we only change the system within Biodomes on Mars.
There are times maybe a long long time ago, when Global Cooling gases were higher and helped caused glaciation and other times our planet almost started to cook and oxygen composition to be 32% back then compared to just under 21% today, some of these tiny bubbles have remained trapped in samples for about tens of millions of million years, these past changes could be replicated inside mini ecology systems and mini atmospheres of Mars.
Also we are unsure what caused all the changes on Earth, perhaps some mass extinctions we have yet to discover and there is a theory our ancient Earth may have also been blasted by Gamma Ray Bursts or nearby Supernova.
An ancient hot hellish Earth at times might have been closer to Venus and Mars closer to Earth's old ecosystem, Oxygen rare, the Sun dimmer and the sun's rays barely making it through atmosphere, in a ways this goes into the realm of Astrobiology but not exactly Terraforming.
Archean Eon, also spelled Archaean Eon, the earlier of the two formal divisions of Precambrian time (about 4.6 billion to 541 million years ago) and the period when life first formed on Earth. The Archean Eon began about 4 billion years ago with the formation of Earth’s crust and extended to the start of the Proterozoic Eon 2.5 billion years ago; the latter is the second formal division of Precambrian time.
https://www.britannica.com/science/Archean-Eon
The Archean Eon was preceded by the Hadean Eon, an informal division of geologic time spanning from about 4.6 billion to 4 billion years ago and characterized by Earth’s initial formation. Records of Earth’s primitive atmosphere and oceans emerge in the earliest Archean (Eoarchean Era). Fossil evidence of the earliest primitive life-forms—prokaryotic microbes from the domain called Archaea and bacteria—appears in rocks about 3.5–3.7 billion years old; however, the presence of ancient fragments of graphite (which may have been produced by microbes) suggest that life could have emerged sometime before 3.95 billion years ago. Archean greenstone-granite belts contain many economic mineral deposits, including gold and silver.
Older types of planets might thrive
Tree Ferns Are Older Than Dinosaurs and That's Not Even the Most Interesting Thing
https://www.realclearscience.com/articl … 11502.html
They’re also incredibly hardy — tree ferns are often the first plants to show signs of recovery in the early weeks after bushfires. The unfurling of an almost iridescent green tree fern fiddlehead amid the sombre black of the bushfire ash is almost symbolic of the potential for bushfire recovery.
Ferns are one of the oldest groups of plants on Earth, with a fossil record dating back to the middle Devonian (383-393 million years ago) (Taylor, Taylor, and Krings, 2009).
https://www.amerfernsoc.org/about-ferns/
Recent divergence time estimates suggest they may be even older, possibly having first evolved as far back as 430 mya (Testo and Sundue, 2016). However, despite the venerable age of the group as a whole, most of the earliest ferns have since gone extinct.
A fern favourite: The plant with a rich and ancient history
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/garden … story.html
Pannotia also known as the Vendian supercontinent, Greater Gondwana, and the Pan-African supercontinent, was a relatively short-lived Neoproterozoic supercontinent that formed at the end of the Precambrian during the Pan-African orogeny (650–500 Ma), during the Cryogenian period and broke apart 560 Ma with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean, in the late Ediacaran and early Cambrian.
https://web.archive.org/web/20180601203 … gt9701.pdf
Pannotia formed when Laurentia was located adjacent to the two major South American cratons, Amazonia and Río de la Plata. The opening of the Iapetus Ocean separated Laurentia from Baltica, Amazonia, and Río de la Plata. The break-up of Pannotia was accompanied by sea level rise, dramatic changes in climate and ocean water chemistry, and rapid metazoan diversification
Spriggina is a genus of early bilaterian animals whose relationship to living animals is unclear. Fossils of Spriggina are known from the late Ediacaran period in what is now South Australia. Spriggina floundersi is the official fossil emblem of South Australia. It has been found nowhere else. The organism reached about 3–5 centimetres (1.2–2.0 in) in length and may have been predatory. Its bottom was covered with two rows of tough interlocking plates, while one row covered its top; its front few segments fused to form a "head."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spriggina
Spriggina's affinity is currently unknown; it has been variously classified as an annelid worm, a rangeomorph-like frond, a variant of Charniodiscus, a proarticulatan, or an arthropod perhaps related to the trilobites, or even an extinct phylum. Lack of known segmented legs or limbs, and glide reflection instead of symmetric segments, suggest an arthropod classification is unlikely despite some superficial resemblance.
Cambrian explosion, the unparalleled emergence of organisms between 541 million and approximately 530 million years ago at the beginning of the Cambrian Period.
https://www.britannica.com/science/Cambrian-explosion
The event was characterized by the appearance of many of the major phyla (between 20 and 35) that make up modern animal life.
Many other phyla also evolved during this time, the great majority of which became extinct during the following 50 to 100 million years. Ironically, many of the most successful modern phyla (including the chordates, which encompass all vertebrates) are rare elements in Cambrian assemblages; phyla that include the arthropods and sponges contained the most numerically dominant taxa (taxonomic groups) during the Cambrian, and those were the taxa that became extinct.
Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plant growth: the interactive role of air temperature
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a … 0987900235
Ask the Experts: Does Rising CO2 Benefit Plants?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/arti … t-plants1/
Climate change’s negative effects on plants will likely outweigh any gains from elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
In addition to ignoring the long-term outlook, he says, many skeptics also fail to mention the potentially most harmful outcome of rising atmospheric CO2 on vegetation: climate change itself. Its negative consequences—such as drought and heat stress—would likely overwhelm any direct benefits that rising CO2 might offer plant life. “It’s not appropriate to look at the CO2 fertilization effect in isolation,” he says. “You can have positive and negative things going at once, and it’s the net balance that matters.” So although there is a basic truth to skeptics’ claim, he says, “what’s missing from that argument is that it’s not the whole picture.”
Rodinia rodina, meaning "motherland, birthplace"was a Neoproterozoic supercontinent that assembled 1.1–0.9 billion years ago and broke up 750–633 million years ago. Valentine & Moores 1970 were probably the first to recognise a Precambrian supercontinent, which they named 'Pangaea I'. It was renamed 'Rodinia' by McMenamin & McMenamin 1990 who also were the first to produce a reconstruction and propose a temporal framework for the supercontinent.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodinia
Rodinia formed at c. 1.23 Ga by accretion and collision of fragments produced by breakup of an older supercontinent, Columbia, assembled by global-scale 2.0–1.8 Ga collisional events.
Rodinia broke up in the Neoproterozoic with its continental fragments reassembled to form Pannotia 633–573 million years ago. In contrast with Pannotia, little is known yet about the exact configuration and geodynamic history of Rodinia.
Is Rodinia the same as Pangea?
https://www.quora.com/Is-Rodinia-the-same-as-Pangea
'I would you say that Rodinia is the proto type of Pangea. It came 240 million years earlier. It was also a single land mass representing Earth’s non water world. It was preceded by a couple other renditions like Columbia and Ur dating back 3.6 billion years. Each new incarnation had a little more landmass and the first two supercontinents, Ur or Vaalbara having just an island or series of islands as representing all the Earth had to offer to get out of the pool. Rodinia did promote “snowball Earth” which was assisted by the atmosphere having no ozone'
The Huronian glaciation (or Makganyene glaciation) was a glaciation that extended from 2400 million years ago to 2100 million years ago, during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleoproterozoic era. The Huronian glaciation followed after the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), a time when increased atmospheric oxygen decreased atmospheric methane.
https://infogalactic.com/info/Huronian_glaciation
It is the oldest known ice age, occurring at a time when in biological sense, only simple, unicellular life existed on Earth.
Ancient diamonds show Earth was primed for life at least 2.7 billion years ago
https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/eart … 44263.html
When did earth’s atmosphere become oxygen-rich with large insects?
https://www.ictsd.org/business/rich/whe … e-insects/
Archaeologists stunned by ancient comet that hit Earth: 'Profound darkness'
https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/ … ianity-spt
another new mars discusssion
more than Biospheres and Doems
'Re-starting the Martian core'
https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=5898
The Chinese Rover with its Lunar Micro Ecosystem, was a 3 kg (6.6 lb) sealed biosphere cylinder 18 cm (7.1 in) long and 16 cm (6.3 in) in diameter with seeds and insect eggs to test whether plants and insects could hatch and grow together in synergy. The Rover Biosphere included six types of organisms: cottonseed, potato, rapeseed, Arabidopsis thaliana (a flowering plant), as well as yeast and fruit fly eggs.
PDF
https://web.archive.org/web/20180531071 … f/1438.pdf
Space farming refers to the cultivation of crops for food and other materials in space or on off-Earth celestial objects – equivalent to agriculture on Moon.Farming on celestial bodies, such as the Moon or Mars, shares many similarities with farming on a space station or space colony. However, farming on celestial bodies may lack the complexity of microgravity, depending on the size of the body. Each environment would have differences in the availability of inputs to the space agriculture process: inorganic material needed for plant growth, soil media, insolation, relative availability of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen, and so forth.
Farms on Mars?
http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/05/ … mars-nasa/
It Turns Out That Our Moon Once Had an Atmosphere
https://futurism.com/moon-atmosphere-apollo-missions
Perhaps building or remaking these different types of primitive Prehistoric era atmospheres re-built on Mars inside separate biodomes, Robots and AI Machine can help extract organics and chemicals that would help sustain future human colonies.
Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2022-09-04 12:29:04)
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Mars has a thin atmosphere but it is already rich in CO2
The best CO2 Generator for growing rooms
https://onthegreenfarms.com/equipments/co2-generator/
The Lives of Extremophiles
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/caves/extremophiles.html
A massive ancient volcano wiped out roughly 90 percent of all life on Earth just 250 million years ago
https://bgr.com/science/great-dying-vol … tmosphere/
old 1994 article
Sulfur-Rich Atmosphere Lead to the Extinction of the Dinosaurs
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/sulfur-ri … -dinosaurs
Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2022-09-13 06:43:13)
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