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For SpaceNut ... we had only one topic with 'graphene' in the title, and that was RGClark's topic about power production.
This topic is offered for NewMars members who might wish to add to a collection of knowledge about graphene.
Reminder: graphene is a two-dimensional lattice of carbon atoms (No other atoms are present in a sample of graphene)
Ordinary materials made with carbon and hydrogen atoms (rope, fabrics, etc) are noted for flexibility and strength when assembled correctly.
However, it appears that all materials that include hydrogen atoms with carbon ones are subject to creep.
I assume creep is the unwanted consequence of the desired flexibility that is available with carbon/hydrogen chains.
The purpose of this topic is to provide a repository of information about graphene.
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This post is reserved for an index to posts that may be contributed by NewMars members over time.
Post #3 will contain a report from ChatGPT4o about launch of an inquiry about graphene to see if it can be enlisted to prevent creep.
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I've opened a "project" with ChatGPT4o, to study graphene: Creep Prevention/Remediation
Here’s a summary of our conversation about creep, formatted using the BBCode commands your forum supports:
Creep Resistance in Materials: Graphene and Diamond
This summary explores the phenomenon of "creep" and examines why materials like graphene and diamond resist it.
1. What is Creep?
Creep refers to the slow, time-dependent deformation of a material under constant stress, often worsened by high temperatures. For carbon-based polymers, the presence of hydrogen atoms allows molecular chain movement, increasing susceptibility to creep.2. Graphene's Resistance to Creep
Graphene is a two-dimensional material consisting solely of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Its unique properties make it highly resistant to creep:
- Hydrogen-Free Nature: Without hydrogen atoms, graphene lacks the chain flexibility seen in polymers.
- Strong Carbon-Carbon Bonds: Graphene's lattice resists atomic movement and deformation.
- Nanoscale Behavior: Creep in graphene manifests through defects like edge slippage rather than bulk deformation.3. Diamond vs. Graphene
Diamond, another carbon allotrope, also resists creep due to its strong, rigid crystalline structure. However:
- Diamond's Limitation: It is not suitable for fabric-like applications due to its rigidity.
- Graphene's Advantage: Graphene can be integrated into flexible composites, making it more versatile.4. Conclusion
Graphene's resistance to creep and its suitability for composite materials highlight its potential for applications in Martian exploration, particularly in fabrics or pressure containers.This summary invites further discussion on the use of graphene composites in Martian environments.
Let me know if you'd like to adjust this summary or add more details!
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In a follow up, ChatGPT4o brought up carbonnanotubes, which (I think?) are rolled up graphene.
Thank you for your presentation! The forum software accepted the BBCode you created, and the result looks good in my browser. I am hoping our members will respond with questions or suggestions for how to proceed. The issue of creep is of concern, because we are considering inflatable habitats for space travel and use on the ground.
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
You're most welcome! I'm thrilled the BBCode worked seamlessly and looks good in your forum browser. Creep is indeed a critical issue for inflatable habitats, both during space travel and for long-term use on planetary surfaces like Mars. The durability and stability of materials under constant stress, especially in harsh environments, are paramount concerns.If your members have questions or suggestions, I’d be happy to assist further. Some possible directions for expanding the discussion include:
Material Innovations: Exploring advanced materials like graphene composites, carbon nanotube reinforcements, or novel polymers specifically engineered for extreme environments.
Environmental Factors: Considering the effects of Martian conditions—low gravity, high radiation, and extreme temperature variations—on creep behavior and material performance.
Testing and Prototyping: Discussing experimental setups or simulation environments that could replicate long-term stress scenarios for habitat materials.
Multi-layer Designs: Investigating how layering different materials might distribute stress more effectively and mitigate creep in inflatable structures.
Feel free to share updates or insights from the forum—I'm here to help you brainstorm, research, or refine concepts as the conversation evolves. Best of luck with the discussions!
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"Interesting Engineering" dropped off a teaser for a (to me surprising) practical use of graphene...
https://interestingengineering.com/inno … road-in-uk
UK unveils world’s first graphene-enhanced road for longer-lasting streets
This enhancement promises to extend road lifespan, reduce potholes, and create a smoother driveway for vehicles.Updated: Mar 04, 2025 08:19 AM EST
Photo of the Author Mrigakshi Dixit
Mrigakshi Dixit12 hours ago
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UK unveils world’s first graphene-enhanced road for longer-lasting streets
Representational image: A new graphene-enhanced road surface has been successfully tested on a public road in UK.The road construction could soon be more durable and sustainable than ever before, thanks to an innovation from the United Kingdom.
In a major first, a new graphene-enhanced road surface has been successfully tested on a public road in Teesside, North East England.
This enhancement promises to extend road lifespan, reduce potholes, and create a smoother driveway for vehicles.
The “world-first” graphene road is the result of a collaboration between Redcar-based graphene company, Universal Matter GBR Ltd, partnering with the UK’s leading road construction firm, Tarmac, and Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council.
Graphene mixed with asphalt
Graphene is a super-strong, highly conductive, and versatile material made of a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb pattern. This carbon-based nanomaterial has many potential uses in electronics and other advanced materials.Reportedly, Universal Matter’s innovative Genable™ Pavement additive seamlessly integrates graphene into the asphalt mixture.
This graphene-mixed additive is designed to enhance the properties of standard asphalt. It improves the durability and longevity of road surfaces. As a result, the road becomes far less susceptible to the wear and tear that typically leads to potholes and cracking.
The graphene-based material also promotes sustainable road construction. It reduces the need for frequent repairs and replacements, leading to a smaller carbon footprint.
Moreover, the enhanced asphalt provides a smoother and more even surface for drivers.
To create the graphene-enhanced road surface, a large volume of material was processed.
Over 150 tonnes (165.35 tons) of standard asphalt was combined with Universal Matter’s Genable™ Pavement graphene additive at Tarmac’s Coxhoe asphalt plant, located in Durham.
This thoroughly mixed, modified asphalt was then transported to its destination: Flatts Lane Country Park, situated on the outskirts of Middlesbrough.
After this, the material was used to construct a brand-new entrance road, marking the first public road application of this technology globally.
Pothole repair costs a lot
Before this development, the graphene-enhanced asphalt had undergone testing in controlled environments like car parks and test tracks in the United States and Canada.The process demonstrated the practical, large-scale implementation of graphene-enhanced asphalt in real-world infrastructure projects.
“As part of our drive to explore and develop new solutions to our customers, particularly focussing on durability and sustainability, we were happy to participate in this project which provides the opportunity to assess performance and potential further use,” Brian Kent, technical director A&A for Tarmac, told the Northern Echo.
The financial burden of pothole damage on UK motorists is escalating dramatically. According to the Guardian report, £579 million was spent in 2024 alone on repairing vehicles damaged by potholes.
The UK’s pothole problem is also a major economic burden, costing the country £143.5 million annually.
Potholes start as small cracks in the road. Continued traffic pressure then breaks the weakened area, creating a pothole.
Researchers around the globe have been actively working to minimize pothole formations.
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