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This new topic is inspired by a post of Calliban in the Phoenix Water topic:
http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php … 57#p190357
This is why Kbd512 and I, have spent some time discussed aqueous homogeneous reactors. They are naturally self-stabilising, because boiling in the fuel fluid creates voids, which enable more neutrons to escape without causing fission. They have excellent load following capabilities. Open the steam valves on the boiler and boiler pressure drops, resulting in more boiling, which causes temperature to drop, which increases heat transfer through the heat exchanger, which reduces moderator temperature, which increases the rate of fission in the core. If load drops off, the opposite happens. So you barely need to use control rods. So long as fuel and fission product concentrations are controlled, all reactivity control can be achieved by thermal feedback effects that respond to load. Very efficient in this respect. On Earth, these reactors fell out of favour because of low thermal efficiency ~25% and corrosion problems. The corrosion problems were eventually solved. But the world had moved on by that point. Thermal efficiency is less of a problem on Mars because we can use the heat.
Thanks to the leadership of SpaceNut and his rapport with Executive Director James Burk, the NewMars forum has established a small foothold in the Internet Cloud. It is now possible for members of the forum to request permanent storage of information pertinent to a topic.
I am hoping that NewMars members will contribute detailed factual information to support this particular topic, and suggest information that might be stored in permanent storage for future access by readers and members alike.
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To start this new topic with a flourish, here is a collection of results kindly provided by Google:
aqueous homogeneous reactor
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About 4,060,000 results (0.47 seconds)Scholarly articles for aqueous homogeneous reactor
… a 20 kWth Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor for Mo-99 … - Pérez - Cited by 11
… model of MIPR: An Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor - Cooling - Cited by 17
… decomposition in aqueous homogeneous reactor fuels - Silverman - Cited by 15Aqueous homogeneous reactor - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Aqueous_homogeneo...
Aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHR) are a type of nuclear reactor in which soluble nuclear salts (usually uranium sulfate or uranium nitrate) are dissolved ...
Homogeneous reactor... · KEMA Suspensie Test Reactor · The ARGUS reactorIs It Time to Revisit the Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor?http://large.stanford.edu › courses › tilghman2
by M Tilghman — I am speaking of the Aqueous Homogenous Reactor (AHR), in which uranium salts dissolved in water creates a solution which is both the fuel ...People also ask
What is meant by Homogeneous Reactor?
What are homogeneous and heterogeneous reactors?
What is meant by heterogeneous reactor?
Is aqueous homogeneous?
FeedbackAQUEOUS HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS - the Molten Salt ...http://moltensalt.org › static › pdf › FFR_chap01PDF
by SE BEALL — This compilation of information related to aqueous homogeneous reactors summarizes the results of more than ten years of research and.
30 pagesHomogeneous Aqueous Solution Nuclear Reactors for the ...https://www-pub.iaea.org › PDF › te_1601_webPDF
The concept of a compact homogeneous aqueous reactor fuelled by a uranium salt solution with off-line separation of radioisotopes of interest (.
93 pagesAqueous homogeneous reactor - Wärtsilä
https://www.wartsila.com › encyclopedia › term › aque...
Aqueous homogeneous reactors are a type of nuclear reactor in which soluble nuclear salts (usually uranium sulfate or uranium nitrate) are dissolved in ...About: Aqueous homogeneous reactor - DBpedia
https://dbpedia.org › page › Aqueous_homogeneous_re...
Aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHR) are a type of nuclear reactor in which soluble nuclear salts (usually uranium sulfate or uranium nitrate) are dissolved ...civilian power reactor program - OSTI.GOV
https://www.osti.gov › servlets › purlPDF
Status Report on Aqueous Homogeneous Reactors as of 1959. Published: 1960. UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. For sale by the Superintendent of ...Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor (AHR) Benchmarks - OSTI ...https://www.osti.gov › biblio › 1122896-aqueous-hom...
Mar 7, 2014 — GOV Technical Report: Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor (AHR) Benchmarks ... some of the benchmarks and observations related to the AHR reactor.
DOE Contract Number: AC52-06NA25396
Research Org: Los Alamos National Lab. ...
OSTI Identifier: 1122896
Sponsoring Org: USDOEAqueous Homogeneous Reactor Technical Panel Reporthttps://www.bnl.gov › isd › documentsPDF
by S Bajorek · 2010 · Cited by 7 — “Homogeneous Aqueous Solution Nuclear Reactors for the Production of Mo-99 and Other. Short Lived Radioisotopes,” IAEA-TECDOC-1601, ...
109 pagesThermal-Hydraulics Study of a 75 kWth Aqueous ... - Hindawi
https://www.hindawi.com › journals › jther
by D Milian Pérez · Cited by 14 — A potentially advantageous alternative to meeting current and future demand for 99Mo is the use of Aqueous Homogeneous Reactors (AHR).
Reactor vessel: Stainless steel
Fuel solution: Uranyl sulphate solution
Reactor height (cm): 65.6
Power density (kW/L of solution): 2.94
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_h … us_reactor
Aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHR) are a type of nuclear reactor in which soluble nuclear salts (usually uranium sulfate or uranium nitrate) are dissolved in water. The fuel is mixed with the coolant and the moderator, thus the name "homogeneous" ("of the same physical state") The water can be either heavy water or ordinary (light) water, both of which need to be very pure.
http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph241/tilghman2/
External circulation of fuel solution: Purely homogeneous reactors remove heat from the reactor core by circulating the fuel/moderator solution itself through heat exchangers, as opposed to just coolant. This leads to radiation shielding and extra corrosion protection needed on a larger amount of machinery, increasing costs.
http://moltensalt.org/references/static … chap01.pdf
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publicati … 01_web.pdf
Homogeneous Aqueous Solution Nuclear Reactors for the Production of Mo-99 and other Short Lived Radioistotopes
So closed loop, corrosion issues and since the nuclear fuel is in the exchange ;loop the radioativity must have additional shielding.
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The original AHR experiments relied upon uranium sulphate solutions. This led to corrosion problems. Using uranium nitrate solves the corrosion problems. But atmospheric nitrogen is dominated by 14N, which has a high neutron absorption cross section and breeds 14C, which is a radiological hazard. Conversely, 15N has one of the lowest absorption cross sections to thermal neutrons of any known isotope. But it is only 0.4% of Earth atmospheric nitrogen. Isotopic seperation is therefore required if it is to be used as part of the fuel.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a … 7007001850
An AHR moderated with D2O and fuelled with uranium nitrate salt, would have the best neutron economy of any known reactor. On Mars, this would allow rapid breeding of 233U from native thorium. After a few initial salt shipments, a Martian reactor programme could expand without need for importing enriched uranium from Earth.
In the extreme, a D2O moderated AHR with nitrate based fuel could be run on natural uranium mined on Mars. An outer blanket of thorium would gradually breed 233U from escaping neutrons. This arrangement is unlikely to be cost optimum, as it would require a large tank containing a large volume of D2O. Presumably, this would need to be imported from Earth. This would be energy intensive to produce. But if it proves difficult to ship enriched uranium to Mars, then this is a potential way of starting a Martian nuclear programme using domestic resources. AHRs fuelled with 233U and thorium won't have this problem. Light water can be used as moderator. The 233U produces enough neutrons to achieve a positive breeding ratio. After an initial period of NatU AHRs, subsequent reactors would run on 233U-Th mined from Mars.
Last edited by Calliban (2025-01-22 14:08:42)
"Plan and prepare for every possibility, and you will never act. It is nobler to have courage as we stumble into half the things we fear than to analyse every possible obstacle and begin nothing. Great things are achieved by embracing great dangers."
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