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Hey Rik! I thought I was a space nut from way back but I take my hat off to you on the Kaputnik thing. I felt sure you were kidding but ... not so. Well done!
Thanks for the encouragement, Cindy, but I have a sinking feeling I've met more than my match in Rik.
As for the Wizard of Peenemunde, I'd have to try Wernher Von Braun.
First of all, thanks Luca for the Spirit panorama. A couple of those depressions look decidedly as though water had something to do with their form and appearance.
At almost the exact dead centre of the panorama, there's a small roundish area which you could be forgiven for thinking still has water in its right-hand half! It may be quite deceptive, though, since I suppose very fine dust could effectively mimic the appearance of water in some cases.
And thanks to Dicktice for offering the practical solution to the problem (spot the hands-on engineer! ) - get into it and see what it's made of! Go ahead .. get a little dirt on your wheels!
I just love a practical man.
It's a good "wild flicker of a thought", Rik!
I suppose you heard that, when Deinococcus Radiodurans (known to its fans as 'Conan the Bacterium') was discovered breeding happily in nuclear reactors, the Russians hypothesised that it may have developed on Mars(?).
Its amazing durability, especially to radiation, combined with known conditions on Mars and the probability of frequent impact transfer between there and Earth, led them to this tentative conclusion.
So, in the event we actually use this remarkable little critter on Mars to change conditions in our favour, we may just be sending some long-lost bugs on a sentimental journey home!
How about small, slow-moving, underground streams of brine gradually dissolving the sedimentary layers and causing subsidence, as the explanation for the gentle depressions? ???
Just another 2 cents worth from a man unburdened by years of dreary geology lectures and thus free to make wild guesses about things he doesn't understand! :laugh:
"Kaputtnik? .. Nogoodnik?"
Ha-ha!! :laugh:
Nice work, Rik, but have you tried not inhaling so deeply on those funny cigarettes of yours?
A very interesting view of what was happening with NASA 'on the ground' in the early 70s, Cindy. I can hardly imagine the disappointment of all those wonderful talented people, with such plans for human space exploration, when it gradually dawned on them that congress and the public had lost interest. I remember how frustrating it was for me as a highschool student; how much more so for the people actually involved in the hardware development?!
I wish I knew how best to inspire politicians and the public to support human space missions. I guess if we get the public back 'on side', the politicians will follow(?), so maybe we should be emphasising the adventure/exploration/excitement/maybe-you-can-travel-in-space-one-day kind of angle?
It's hard for me to contemplate how to make space exploration sound exciting and worthwhile when, to my mind, it's a given, a self-evident truth, a no-brainer!!
This year the X-Prize will probably be won and the small private space companies might begin to do their stuff. It must be a good opportunity for the space fraternity to get their point across to the 'unbelievers'(! ), especially in the wake of the MERs superlative performance.
If, if ,if ... !!
The Fallujah Brigade (is that their official title?) is an experiment in a tricky situation for the coalition. There's no chance of any military defeat, as such, regardless of whether the Brigade turns against us or not. The coalition's military supremacy is complete, in any conventional sense. Though the few thousand well armed fanatics we're having to deal with are indeed a very significant problem, for the time being.
I believe the way the coalition deals with the individuals responsible for the disgraceful degrading of Iraqi prisoners, will be sufficient to prevent the great majority of Iraqi civilians passing up this opportunity for a free and prosperous country they can at last genuinely say is their own. I still have faith that most Iraqis are intelligent and reasonable people and they can see already how Iraq will be when the violence is over.
Of course Iraq isn't secure at present. There are elections still to be held. The forces attempting to bring about an Islamic theocracy in Iraq still feel they have a chance to scuttle the plans for democracy.
The recent situation in Spain has no doubt been a shot in the arm to these thugs because it looks as though violence has brought them a good result.
Let's not allow ourselves to wallow in pessimism just yet. The noble cause in Iraq is not yet lost.
I don't think the High Lift system required an asteroid. They were just going to launch a paper-thin CNT cable into orbit and lower one end down to a floating platform somewhere west of South America, in the Pacific.
Climbers would then add more cables to that one, etc., until a very strong cable resulted.
Everyone seems so pessimistic about the CNT cable.
But then, I suppose in 1904, people would have been just as pessimistic about passenger aircraft - probably more so.
Arthur C. Clarke has written often about the main problem with predictions about the future. Most of the glaring errors have involved people being way too pessimistic about the rate of technological improvement.
I suspect continuous CNT production will be achieved sooner than we think and I believe the first space elevator will be cheaper and arrive sooner than we think, too.
If superconducting electric motors are used, climbers coming down will provide, by conversion of potential energy, most of the electrical power necessary for the climbers going up. A sufficiently strong cable may have several climbers going up and down at the same time.
The first cable may well be tricky and expensive enough to require government assistance (I hope the military won't commandeer the whole thing! ) but the subsequent cables will probably be financially attractive enough to cause private companies to build them. This is dependent upon the first cable bringing about a large increase in space traffic, of course, which I think it will.
Barring a sudden breakthrough in anti-gravity research (if it hasn't happened covertly already :;): ), I think the efficiency and elegance of the space elevator will ensure that it becomes the method of choice for reaching orbit. There seems to be no sensible alternative, at least at the moment. Unless you insist on us riding expensive, disposable, fiery Roman Candles to LEO forever!
???
Hmmm.
Yeah, Rex. I suppose if that really is a small patch of water/brine, or even ice, they'd have to re-write quite a bit of stuff about Mars. And start looking more seriously at some of the images you've drawn to our attention in the past. (And maybe let poor old Dr. Gil Levin back into the fold as well! )
I have to admit, Stu, I could probably manage with less of the sundial and more of the terrain.
Nice irony ... thanks!
By the way, I still can't fathom the lack of commentary from JPL on some of the enigmatic features we've been seeing. Even a swift, boring, down-to-Earth(Mars) explanation would at least help us to stop imagining all sorts of things! :laugh:
1) The Soviet Union.
2) 1959.
3) ?
4) Dog .. breed ?
5) Laika.
6) No, died in orbit when the air supply ran out.
Hi ANTIcarrot!
Welcome to New Mars - a little late, I guess, since this is your 6th post! But anyway, glad to have you aboard.
It's difficult to argue with you that continuous development of the Saturn V would have reaped huge advances in sheer brute power to LEO by now. Who knows where we'd be today if we'd kept plugging away instead of wasting so much time and money on the shuttle white elephant? ???
You don't happen to have any good links to the Saturn V updates you mentioned in your last post, do you? You know, the plug nozzles etc.
I know that, towards the end of the program, they were pushing out the envelope as far as performance was concerned. I believe they were contemplating all sorts of performance upgrades and ever more ambitious mass-to-the-Lunar-surface improvements.
I seem to remember them talking about a 'rocket-hopper', by which an astronaut could move easily from site to site. This would enhance the exploratory impact of each mission by a considerable margin but, of course, the cancellation of the program put paid to that!
Such a tragedy!
What proportion of erstwhile Palestine is now part of Jordan?
I think I read somewhere recently that 2/3rds of what was once Palestine is now part of Jordan. Is this true?
If so, why do the Palestinian people not lobby for its return?
Wouldn't have a clue what my name means!
But, given your self-evident prowess at languages, not to mention your native wit, it's small wonder that your name means 'mighty writer'. In my book, you are pretty much what your genes say you are - with a little window dressing from the surroundings.
Go Rik!! :up:
Hi Alt2War,
The hardcore of the left-wing in any country are passionate people. I admire them for the strength of their convictions (even if I've 'been there; done that' and understand now the futility of their position) and their willingness to get out into the streets.
But, as an indicator of the general feeling, big protests, like the ones you mention, leave me cold. Even if we assume the figure of 500,000 for New York is accurate (always difficult to judge these things), it still represents only a small percentage of the local population, about 6%. And the fact that left-wingers tend to be younger, more radical, more vocal and possibly more excitable, means that such protests are to be expected. They certainly shouldn't be taken as any indication, on the day, that the majority of people feel the same way.
Having said that, I hear you about the political backlash in certain countries. Tony Blair has certainly been doing it tough in Britain in recent months, Australia's John Howard has been sniped at repeatedly in the press over Iraq, and your President Bush's popularity ratings are, I believe, pretty low.
Given Spain's popular antagonism towards involvement in the liberation of Iraq, I applaud the new socialist government's adherence to its promise to bring the Spanish troops home. This is democracy at work and, despite its inherent flaws, it's the best system we have. My personal belief, however, for what it's worth, is that the Spanish people have got it wrong.
The coalition has made an example of Iraq in a world full of religious extremists who cannot be bargained with. Sad to say, but someone who cannot be bargained with will only understand strength. Witness the mood in Iran and Libya.
Bill White's plea to tackle the root of the extremist problem, the Islamic hate schools, is typically intelligent and should be listened to, but having Saddam as a loose cannon in the Middle East was unacceptable politically and morally after 9/11, and his removal was justified.
History will judge the coalition favourably, in my view, just as it has judged Reagan favourably for his stance against the Soviets. You'll no doubt recall the protests against him in the 80s - not against the cruel Soviet Empire, mind you, against the voice of liberation!
The left-wing is one mixed up bunch of well-meaning fools.
Hi Rxke!
It all started at the top of page 6 in this thread.
Hi Mundaka!
Thanks for the potted history of this allegation of U.N. corruption. It seems I am indeed way behind the times. :laugh:
I watch the news most days on T.V. and I read the paper regularly but it just goes to show how far behind you can get, even when you think you're reasonably current.
But still, the fact that the allegations are at least 5 years old and the alleged perpetrators are yet to be called to account, underlines what I surmised - that it's going to take a long time to get to the bottom of it.
Now that Mundaka has clarified how old this case really is, and I'm feeling anything but 'current' , may I ask if everyone else here is just as au fait with the story as Mundaka? Am I the only one who failed to notice it in the media or are there others like me?
That 'cell frequency' diagnostic test is getting close to the rotating crystal contraption Dr. McCoy used on "Star Trek" to work out in a jiffy what was wrong with crew members of the Enterprise.
Who knows? Maybe the German guy is on to something.
It's difficult, though, to imagine how a machine detecting various frequencies of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) could track down the individual radiation emanating from one or a few particular atoms in one or a few particular cells in a human body. I don't know how many cells there are in an average human, nor how many atoms there are in an average human cell, but it's gonna be a big number!
All atoms, at temperatures above absolute zero, emit EMR (infra-red and radio waves, for example). So this new machine will be picking up EMR from atoms in the person being examined, EMR from the atoms in the machine itself, EMR from the air molecules in the room, EMR from outer space, even EMR from the fillings in the doctor's teeth! If it's sensitive enough to focus on radiation from the atoms in small groups of cancerous cells deep inside a human body, it'll pick up radiation from everywhere.
Wouldn't it be tricky to eliminate all the background emissions and get an accurate reading on the problem areas?
???
Thanks, Luca, for all the 'filter' shots.
I'm not sure the temperature differential near the 'puddles' is any more than you might expect from simple shadowing. Where there's a dip in the ground, you get less insolation per unit area on the slope facing away from the Sun.
I've been staring at the original photo Chaosman posted and the 'puddle' still looks like a puddle to me. In fact, it almost appears translucent and I think I can make out blueberries or other stony fragments under the surface - unless I'm imagining things(! ).
From the little I remember of basic geography in highschool, a water table isn't necessarily flat, is it? In some areas, it can be significantly higher than in others, depending on the local ground conditions and porosity. Is that not true?
If so, the water table in the vicinity of our 'puddle' may be very close to the surface, while considerably lower in other regions. This may resolve the inconsistency of finding a puddle at this relatively high point, while the bottom of Opportunity's landing crater was dry.
Just some thoughts and questions. ???
[Hi Atomoid! I assume you were joking about NASA deliberately blurring out something we weren't supposed to see?! But, just to eliminate the possibility that our 'puddle' is no more than a transmission glitch, can any of our resident computer/image gurus tell from the JPL raw data whether the pixels are all 'kosher' in the area in question?
Thanks in anticipation. ]
A small puddle would certainly be inclined to evaporate away quickly if it resulted from rainfall and had no means of replenishment.
But what if there is actually a near-surface water table in this area of Mars? (Or should I say 'brine table'?) Wouldn't that feed low lying parts with fresh brine?
It's difficult to judge from these photos, but it looks like the 'puddle' is at the lowest point in the picture - the place you'd expect to find water, if there were any water to be found!
???
I remember them saying, in 1969, that sending Neil and Buzz to the Moon had cost $24 billion.
At the time, $24 billion seemed like an incomprehensibly large amount - something only the U.S. could contemplate, with its seemingly endless wealth!
According to data available on the internet, $24 billion spent in 1969 is equivalent to $122 billion spent in 2004.
President Kennedy announced the daring plan to "land a man on the Moon and return him safely to the Earth" in May 1961. Just a tad over 8 years later, it happened.
So, in today's dollars, and starting from scratch in terms of space exploration experience (no American had orbited Earth at that time), they spent something like $15 billion a year over 8 years to put humans on Luna.
We're now proposing, with infinitely more expertise in space travel, to spend 16 years and $23 billion a year, to achieve the same thing.
That translates to twice as long and three times as much money to do what we did before!
And that's the conservative estimate?!!
Dr. Zubrin maintains we can skip the Moon and get to Mars in ten years for $50 billion.
I know which plan I like better!
Wow, Chaosman!
That certainly looks like a puddle, or frozen puddle, to me. In fact, I find it very difficult to imagine what else it could be.
So, where's the JPL commentary?
Why isn't there any public discussion about this potentially important development?
Incidentally, if that's a small pool of water ice, my wife's assessment of the 'dunes' at the bottom of Endurance crater is starting to look better and better!
I think this is one of the most exciting areas of Mars I've ever seen. I just can't wait to find out what's in this beautiful crater.
God! Wouldn't you love to be there in your MarsSkin, rock hammer in hand?!! I think I'd pass out from the delirium and have to be dragged back to the Hab by my heels!!
:laugh:
Thanks, Alt2War, for the links to news items about the alleged U.N. corruption. My impression is that it will take a long time to get to the bottom of this one. If enough people in high places, for example former ministers in the French government and politicians in Russia, were actually involved in bribery, one can imagine the lengths to which they'll have gone to cover their tracks.
I think about the possible consequences of U.N. corruption, if it happened: The time lost in dealing with Saddam, in tracking down WMD which may have been shifted to places like Syria or Iran, the lives lost through sanctions while 'oil-for-food' was being abused, even the possibility that U.N. voting could have been influenced!
What if votes against a U.N. mandate for war in Iraq were only made because some people were 'on the take' - a distinct possibility if the corruption did exist? Imagine the (necessary, in my view) war having been undertaken under the wing of the U.N. The grounds for misguided and inflammatory Arab objections to it would have been very significantly reduced. The whole scene in Iraq today could have been so much better and Al-Qa'ida's opportunistic use of the invasion for propaganda purposes very much less effective.
If a few hundred people, driven by unscrupulous self-interest, have actually done what is being suggested here, their crime is terrible.
Any suggestion that such appalling behaviour might be 'unscrupulous but not illegal' is a moral nonsense. If it isn't covered by any current legislation, then let's introduce new legislation to ensure such actions are definitely punishable by law - and very severely, too!
Phew! It's times like this I despair of humanity. What kind of a species are we that we can, with ample historical precedent as justification, entertain the thought that some of our number are capable of such treacherous selfishness?!
I showed my wife the detailed picture of the interior of Endurance. She took one look at the bottom of the crater and said: "That's ice!"
I said it was probably more likely to be sand dunes, judging by the shape, but she still maintains its dirty ice. Back in the seventies, she climbed Kilimanjaro on a 5-month trip through Africa (she was pretty fit at the time but it still nearly killed her! ). She says the ice near the mountain's summit took on similar wind-tortured shapes as it sublimed, ever so slowly, into the thin, cold, dry air.
Now she's got me wondering! Who knows? Maybe she's right. Wouldn't that be a blast?!!
Just to return the favour you did me, Alt, the last time I got a little forthright about politics, I'll give you the same advice you gave me:-
"You need to relax, man."
You make it sound like I'm very naive to quote an editorial - as though I'm breaking the simplest rules of good debate and showing my ignorance. (I wasn't even trying to start a debate - just state an opinion.)
I think you may not realise what it is I'm trying to tell you. That editorial is about all I've got on the story so far! It's the lack of news items about this alleged corruption that forms one of the main planks of my complaint. Considering that verification of the allegations would, at a stroke, eliminate any pretence that the U.N. occupied some sort of moral high ground in the Iraq affair, I thought the news item should have been given at least as much airtime or as many column inches as the anti-war propaganda has received, in such generous measure, here in Australia.
Incidentally, I've been reading The Australian newspaper for many years and I've almost always found the editorials to be frank and sensible in their general tone. I admit I was a little nervous quoting this one, since I'd seen no other reference to the story, but I had enough faith in the objectivity of the paper to go ahead anyway. I'm relieved to hear that CC has found some reference to it in the American media because there's precious little about it here!
By the way, CC, since you seem to live on another flat face of the same cubic bizarro world I occupy (according to Alt ), perhaps you would let us know if you hear any further news about the guys at the U.N. who opposed the war on a matter of high moral principle? As and when I hear anything I'll try to do likewise.
It could be a very interesting tale!