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http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=16407]NASA Cassini Finds an Atmosphere on Saturn's Moon Enceladus
Who would have thought such a small moon would have an atmosphere? With a surface gravity around 0.0079 an atmosphere will not hang around for long. It is being replenished.
I have suspected that this moon has a liquid interior. It is like a big ball of water/ammonia covered with ice. It must have been a much bigger world in the past, and it is now slowly loosing it water to space.
Eventually it will probably be a small round little asteroid a few miles across- unless we can find a better use for its resources then letting them get blown into space.
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … pportunity sees different sized blueberries at Vostok
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … .HTML]Last picture where we can see the heatshield? Bye!
The three obstacles I see for making this work with the hydrogen atoms/IONs is;
1.Storage: how do we store the hydrogen atoms/IONs so they can be useful?
2.Adding/Removing electrons. Shouldn’t be too difficult to figure out.
3. How to read the atom/ION to tell if it has one electron two electrons or no electrons. This shouldn’t be too difficult either.
That is kind of how I view it. Right now we have 2-D storage. Using the hydrogen atom/ION's would make it 3-D storage. And it would be very small.
A computer stores data with switches that are either turned on or off. If the switch is on, the value is a 1; if off the value is 0. This is a ‘bit’ of data.
By arranging these 0 and 1 in different ways, we tell the computer what to do. This is called the Binary Language. For example this arrangement of 0s and 1s- 01100101- tells the computer it is an “e”.
Anyway, for a science fiction story I was writing, I was wondering how small can computer storage get? At the atomic level? Subatomic level?
I started thinking how an atom might be used for storage. What if we used the state of the electron field around an atom to give us some varable?
Lets take a the simplest atom, a hydrogen atom. I hydrogen atom can have no electrons, making it a positive hydrogen ion; a single electron, making a neutral hydrogen atom; two electrons making it a negative hydrogen ion.
Say our computer chip is has hydrogen atoms/ions at the end of each switch and say we can add or remove electrons. We now have a very tiny 3-way switch. Instead of on/off (1/0) we have X,Y, and Z giving us far more combinations than 0 and 1. We now have 0,1, 2.
Such a system would be small, and it could store massive amounts of data compared to its silicon counterparts.
We could use larger atoms, but they would take up more space, however, they would have more combinations. Larger atoms have several Energy Levels (Shells) These are, if I remember my chemistry correctly, the K,L,M,N and O shells. As energy is applied or removed from an atom, its electrons jump between shells. This could give us many combination for data storage with each atom.
As I get time, I will explore this idea further. It makes good science fiction, and who know, maybe it will lead to something useful.
Robert E. Bleier
http://www.habitablezone.com/nexus/inde … space]They are also talking about it here
Looks like one cleaned Spirit's solar Panels.
Looks like Opportunity is at http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … tml]Vostok
Thank you Cindy for the heads-up.
I have been an Armature Astronomer and Geologist for about 25 year. I was a professional Astronomer during my college years- I did get paid for my work at the observatory.
I also taught Astronomy at the High School and college level. And I taught Geology at the Junior High School level.
When I was a kid, I wanted to be an Astronomer or Geologist. But I couldn’t make a living doing either so now I am a programmer. Sometime I wish I was out in the field doing Geology or Astronomy.
I have found that being a Scientist in the Academic area is very similar to being a programmer in the Business area- at least with the way non-scientist and non-programmer people look at you, and treat you.
In both, you have most fooled to thinking you are brilliant
And if you don't have an answer for them, throw in a bunch of technogarbage and buzz words That usually sends them away thinking you know what you are talking about
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … html]Spirt at Larry's Lookout?
It looks like Spirit is looking out at Tennessee Valley
Interesting light material across http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … TML]across the way.
The Jupiter Equatorial Bands
And they play South of the border music.
I would be happy with a partially terriformed Mars. A Mars where the CO2 atmosphere is thick enough for water to exist as a liquid and plants can grow. This would be a Mars where people could walk through Mars forest wearing normal cloths and getting their oxygen from some sort of SCUBA device, or perhaps a device that takes oxygen from the carbon dioxide.
Why I like this approach is because it is something we could start now. As technology and knowledge advances, humans Mars could then go from partial terraformed to fully terraformed.
RobS, and other planetary geologists, what do you think?
how abundant is N in space, and thus how common or rare would it be on Mars theoretically?
It is my understanding that Venus and Earth both have the similar amounts of Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide. With Venus, it is all in the atmosphere. With the Earth, most of the Carbon Dioxide is locked away in carbonate rocks like limestone (Thank you oceans!) and a nice chunk of Earth’s nitrogen is locked away in Nitrates.
I would think Mars would have started out with a similar ratio. If you take in account that the there is a higher ratio of lighter elements as you get farther from the Sun, then Mars should have started out with a higher percentage of Nitrogen.
Venus has almost 3 times the Nitrogen that Earth’s atmosphere does. In the process of reengineering Venus atmosphere, huge tankers of its nitrogen could be shipped to Mars. How do you get the Nitrogen off Venus and into the tankers? It may be as simple as dropping long hoses into the atmosphere and sucking it into orbit. You would need hoses built of super strong material (Carbon nano-tubes?)
However you get the atmosphere into orbit, you would need to separate it into its components. Put the carbon dioxide into huge tanks, the nitrogen in another and so on.
Using similar technology, hydrogen could be mined from Saturn’s atmosphere and shipped to Venus. Up in orbit, Venus’ carbon dioxide is separated into carbon and oxygen. The oxygen is combined with Saturn’s hydrogen, to for water, which is stored into tanks.
The leftover carbon could be used to build the tanks and tankers.
If you had thousands of these processing plants in orbit around Venus, you could slowly remove its atmosphere and process it. The nitrogen is shipped to Mars until about half of it has been removed. Most of Venus CO2 has been converted to water, some oxygen and a tiny amount is left alone.
You would reach a point where you would start dumping the processed water and oxygen, along with the CO2 and Nitrogen you are keeping, back into Venus atmosphere.
The technology for this is probably not too far off. We could do most of it now, but the scale and expense of such a project would be daunting.
Venus would still have the issue of having long days and getting too much sunlight. This could be solved with orbital mirrors and shades (Or a ring that does both shade and reflect light). Mars would be habitable. It would still need oxygen, which could come from many sources, including the soil of Mars, or the CO2 in its air.
What we need are robots that can perform the work and be built in space from materials in space. And if they could be built by other robots, then the cost to the Earth would be minimal- it would be the initial robots that go to some asteroid and start building a workforce of robots.
Don’t make them too smart. We don’t want any rebellious robots.
http://www.msss.com/moc_gallery/r10_r15 … .html]Some more of that weird Hellas terrain like I posted a few months ago.
This is very near the lowest point on Mars, where temperature and pressure are sometimes where liquid water can exist on the surface. Of course, in Mars’ dry air, any such water would quickly evaporate, but in the soil, it would stay liquid.
I have not looked at MOC pictures much in the last three months. Have they added more?
http://www.msss.com/moc_gallery/r10_r15 … .html]Nice Dunes and some Olivine thrown in at no extra charge
Cal’s (Calet) hatred for the Earth goes back to his childhood when he and his father were visiting the Moon. He saw the blue Earth shining brightly in the lunar sky and he asked his father when they could visit Earth. His father said, “We can never visit the Earth. Its gravity would kill us.”
From then on he looked at Earth as an enemy, something that would kill him if he got too close.
And now the Terrans were terraforming Venus, giving them another world to possess- another world Cal could never land on. “No!”, he would not let that happen. If they would not meet his demands, he would use the very technology the Terrans were using to terraform Venus to make the Earth uninhabitable.
Because of Cal’s actions, our heros are stranded on Venus. With colossal rainstorms pounding on them, lightning as their only light, they have to make it to higher ground as a new ocean is rising around them.
Cal survives but his gang is destroyed in their terrorist attack on the Venus terraformers. He meets up with them our heroes in Part two, as they explore the Alpha Centauri System, and discover some strange aliens.
I almost got the story published. I had a publisher interested, but I didn’t like the publisher’s contract, and I wasn’t happy with certain parts of the story. I have plans on rewriting it.
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … pportunity out in the middle of no where
Actually, it reminds me of an Earth desert. I think deserts have their own beauty. I love them in the evening when the sun cast long shadows on the ground.
This part of Mars looks more Earth-like than Moon like. Yet, if you look at it from above, where the craters stand out, it would look more Moon-like.
Mars is a strange place.
When I was looking at the picture above, I had a flashback of CP3O telling R2D2, "What a desolate place this is."
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … ]Meanwhile, Spirit spys some interesting looking rocks. Some even looked layered.
Thar on the guitar, his Sis on the mike, and Bulge on the drums.
Birds on Mars. I wrote about that in a story about 10 years ago. I dug up that part. I might have to dig this whole story out and rewrite it.
From War Against Gravity
Cal walked over to the glass balcony doors of his apartment. The air smelled fresh and felt cold against Cal’s slim body. Lightning flickered in the distance, originating from a storm over the Hellas Sea. The storms were a sign that spring in Mars’ Southern Hemisphere was coming. Cal felt glad. It had been a long cold winter.
Mars had four seasons like the Earth, but Mars’ seasons were almost twice as long as the Earth’s. Despite all the specially made greenhouse gasses, wintertime at the Hellas Sea could be like Russia’s worst winters on Earth, or so Cal had heard. He would never experience a Siberian winter.
A sea bird perched on the end of his balcony. An Osprey? Cal wondered. They were rare around these parts. It was a powerful bird and Cal admired it. Like all birds on Mars, it had an easy time flying in Mars gravity.
Cal watched the bird and for a second their eyes met, then it soared out towards the sea. Lightning flashed behind it. Cal watched it vanish in the darkness.
He felt that desire to fly himself. Flying had been his passion, his love, until his father’s death. It wasn’t that his father died while flying that changed his heart. It was that a Terran mistake caused his father’s death. A stupid Terran tourist, unaccustomed to Mars gravity, leaped out of his seat and ran into Cal’s father, who was in the process of landing his shuttle. This caused Cal’s father to jerk forward. The shuttle craft veer right and crashed into the ground.
"Stupid Terrans," Cal thought. He shook his head. "Always meddling in Mars business. They trash our land and they think they are better than us. They think they own the Solar System. They think they are the Solar System. I’m going to change all that. When I am done with them, they will respect Mars, or they will perish."
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/i … 194]Clouds have picked up at the pole.
Perhaps that is the source of the methane rain? I wonder how far from the poles the clouds will extend? I am curious if this pole is warming up, causing an increase in methane clouds. Eventually they’ll extend closer to the equator?
or Mars' Rocks
or
Mars, Wind & No Fire (No Oxygen)
Phobos Day & The Knights
Did anyone else catch Cylon Number 6 telling Dr. Baltar, “Don’t make me angry. You wouldn’t like me when I am angry.”
If you grew up watching the original Battlestar Galatica, you probably watched the Incredible Hulk TV show. Both were on the air at the same time and both were produced by Universal Studios. In 1980, I went to Universal Studios and I got to see them shoot both shows on the lot.
“Don’t make me angry. You wouldn’t like me when I am angry.” is a direct Incredible Hulk quote, and I think they did it on purpose, perhaps because both show share a sort of kinship.
In last Friday's show, we got to see Adama get tougher. He seems to be doing that with each show.
This Friday's show looks interesting.