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So I would like to break this down into two discussion of either aluminum tanks or the carbon tanks, because we are dealing with two types of manufacturing process with different limitation or advantages to the other and so you might come up with different conclusions or possible choices.
Carbon composite construction is very different from aluminum frame & sheet construction on the scale of the shuttle external tank. The safety procedures are completely different, too. Converting the Michoud facility (where shuttle ET's are currently made) to make graphite tanks would, aside from giving the staff coniptions, end tours of the facility during work hours because it wouldn't be safe to have school children on the factory floor.
Carbon composite construction isn't as safe as building with aluminum.
The density difference between carbon fiber + epoxy and aluminum construction isn't all that great, but carbon fiber is stronger than aluminum, allowing carbon composite constructions to be lighter. However, carbon fiber is very brittle compared to aluminum, making a graphite part of the same design strength less reliable than an aluminum part under the same load.
Carbon composite construction is potentially lighter than aluminum, but also potentially less reliable.
The desirability of either is very dependent on the exact nature of the application. I'm not sure a blanket statement can be made about which is preferable.
However, I can say that I've always had a soft spot in my heart for amateur space travel projects, which carbon composite construction lends itself to because of its relative simplicity.
Let's hope that Ivan does a lot of fancy maneuvers in the next few days...
Oh, look! It's coming this way! :laugh:
Refurbishment, upgrades, and general maintenance can be made cheaper by mass production of parts, just like almost everything else that requires hardware. However, mass production alone won't get costs down far enough.
What is really required is cheap reliability, not cheap parts.
Another possibility for lowering launch costs is to develop non-rocket launch technologies. Some, like the JP Aerospace Airship-To-Orbit plan (yes, I'm becoming an apologist :;): ) could lend themselves to mass production techniques. However, these all currently suffer under the same dilema as rocketry: opportunity costs are higher than the altitudes they seek to attain.
The original article is not particularly informative. Nor, saddly, are the senators' websites, which can't be updated with any news reports that are not actually recorded in the Senate minutes until after the election in November. The relevant appropriations subcommittee appears to be the Senate Independent Agencies subcommittee. A brief search of the members web sites reveals that only one, Tom Harkin, is publicly taking a stand against funding space exploration. However, only two subcommittee members, Kay Hutchison and Barbara Mikulski, are publicly in favor of it to the point where they list it under their key legislative issues and other pet projects. The other ten subcommittee members are non-committal.
The Appropriations Committee at large approves the Independent Agencies Subcommittee recommendations when they're finished, and that committee includes other publicly pro-space Senators, including Mary Landrieu from my own Louisiana. So, the result is still far from decided even after the subcommittee's vote.
I think I'm going to write Mrs. Landrieu, though.
On a more serious note:
When Roald Amundson and his crew made their famous trek to the south pole, he had the name of every sled dog he brought with him written down in a log book, along with the date he intended to kill and eat it during the journey. Most of the names were crossed out by the time they returned home.
Despite the fact that I've nearly killed me a terrier on several occasions, I never once considered eating the corpse.
Amundson was a brave and often unexpectedly selfless man, but also fundamentally a heartless bastard. He was the kind of person who should never have a dog.
Who is on that committee?
Professor Curlyarse! Hey, this thing is good!
now how about an apology?? AND MEAN IT !!!!
Dook, I apologize for falkor.
(Very sincere. I hope that was satisfactory... :;): )
For example, you could raise a stink over the nearest co-ed dormitory being clearly visible through the same window intended for the telescope. :;):
Actually... it sorta is.
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But the telescope can't aim down at a far enough angle.
Well there you go! I'll bet that sideroscope gives it just enough english for all sorts of voyeurism. This kind of lude behavior must never be sanctioned by the university!
:laugh:
Just don't go too far. You don't want to end up with a curtain thrown over it like the semi-nude statue of Blind Lady Justice in the US Justice Department. :;):
Somehow waiting for a line-item correction in some obscure journal isn't quite how I imagined first contact. :laugh:
A first contact scenario in which the next great pioneer of humanity is... a librarian.
We had a similar problem, also involving a donated telescope, at my old university. There may still be hope if you approach this from the right angle.
Your first change in vector should be to disregard the current opinion of "most people", because it's worthless. "Most people" are not going to come after hours to use a telescope, and "Most people" aren't going to make the actual decision of what to do with this thing. Find out who will, and talk to them. If you do, I'll bet you'll find that this dilema is at its heart either A) a money problem or B) a space-related political problem. It's cheaper to leave the scope lying in a storeroom somewhere than it is to install a mount for it, or the university maintenance staff don't want to mess with it, or Professor X refuses to give up his Danger Room, or something.
The problem is probably something much more specific than "everybody here is a lazy idiot." Solve the specific problem, and "most people" will fall into line. (They're lazy idiots - it's what they do.) You appear to have a fantastic advantage in that your scope is mobile and can be stowed in any converted storeroom of the proper size - including a hallway alcove - provided you can get the power supply set up. This allows a very wide margin for any necessary compromises in the space-related political department.
PS - If attempts to break the problem down into soluble elements don't work, you can always try something sneaky and underhanded. For example, you could raise a stink over the nearest co-ed dormitory being clearly visible through the same window intended for the telescope. :;):
Unfortunately, as usually seems to be the case, these people will neglect to pass on this information to the rest of us poor plebeians, who will be left wondering "what the hell happened to that mysterious signal from outer space?"!!
:hm:
Hmm... published refutations of hoaxes and scientific errors are notoriously hard to find because they're not part of the popular literature. Often they're not even part of a published article, just a correction line on page ten. But they do exist.
We can probably keep an eye on this development if we want. Our research will have to be quite good, though.
Looks like Ivan's poised to do to the west coast of Florida what Frances did to the east (and west). For the next few days, it's going to really suck to be a Floridian.
It may still turn or lose strength though. Hurricanes only reach maximum fury and stay there when they're following a minimum energy trajectory defined by the local weather and Coriolis force. (That's the line down the middle of their projected path on the NOAA maps.) However, a hurricane pumps air through itself like a giant turbine, and can thrust itself any direction as long as it's expending the energy to change course.
Slowing down expends a lot of energy for hurricanes. So does turning. But they've got it to spare. I've even seen them stop, turn about and head south.
Let's hope that Ivan does a lot of fancy maneuvers in the next few days and blows off some of that energy, because right now it's the strongest storm in years and Florida is right in its glory lane.
Shostak is correct not to run around like Chicken Little, crying "The aliens are coming!" However, I don't think that he gives sufficient reason to discontinue the investigation. While it's still statistically possible that this signal could be just another hiccup, the signal has already met Clarke's rule of thumb statistical test: "Once is an accident, twice is a coincidence, three times is a conspiracy." As for the satellite RFI theory, that could very well be (more likely than aliens, in fact). But the projected period is not consistent with a geosynchronous satellite's daily drift.
Does that mean it's aliens? Heavens no. Not every spinning gas cloud is a sign of ET. I don't know what it is any more than Dr. Bell, Shostak, or anyone else. I only know it's currently unexplained, and probably actually exists.
At this point, I'll trust the results of observation with another telescope more than Shostak's speculation.
I had posed a why is this work continuing question with regards to this a few days ago.
And I liked Martian Republic's answer: they're pursuing the technology because it's potentially useful in its own right, even if it never sees a spacecraft. Spin-off's, man, spin-off's.
Maybe I will end up abstaining from the US presidential election after all... just focus on the Senate seat and local issues... resign myself to four years of sub-vocal whining...
Human insanity has played almost as significant role in the technological advancement of our species as logical thought has.
Why would another, more logical species reach our level of advancement? Why would another species at our level of advancement enjoy complete sanity among all its members?
As for radio broadcasting, I agree it's a risk to develop the technology. So is not developing the technology. We're taking the nobler course, which is not the same as the logical course.
In my opinion, Pons and Fleischman got what they deserved for trying steal Steven Edward Jones's research. It sickens me that they might receive credibility from this! :realllymad: :rant:
Jones was working on a similar phenomenon independently - trying to find evidence for accelerated spontaneous fusion under extreme pressures in a molecular matrix. (An infinitesimal trickle of spontaneous nuclear fusion happens all the time in nature, just like nuclear fission, spin transitions and everything else affected by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.) He found it. When he submitted his article for publication in Physical Review Letters, Pons and Fleischman were selected as reviewers. Two days later, unable to trip over themselves fast enough, they held their infamous press conference to claim credit for the discovery of cold fusion, only now, instead of detecting the acceleration of spontaneous fusion, there were claims of intense heat and promises of nuclear batteries. Physical Review fired those two clowns and a few months later Jones was published - the only article on the subject of cold fusion to ever pass peer review at that magazine.
Jones's work isn't all that hard to explain or reproduce. Taking Pons & Fleischman seriously, now THAT'S difficult to comprehend. Unfortunately, it's not very difficult to reproduce. :down:
My dog's nemesis is my neighbor's wooden owl lawn ornament. It's been a long-time rivalry - not even the neighborhood squirrels are more hated. You can tell she wants it dead. And she's not being playful, either.
I fear I must resign myself to the fact that I have a stupid dog...
I don't know why or if Chaney talks out of the side of his mouth but if it is due to a medicala problem please retract that statement.
:laugh:
And if it's just a habit?
One of television's great evils is that it makes us assign prejudices to political candidates based on nothing more than what they look like. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln, two of our country's greatest presidents (easily as good or better than either of the current candidates), could never have been elected today. People in wheelchairs just don't "look presidential", and squeaky voices just don't get votes. So leave Dick Cheney's facial twitches out of it.
It's enough to know that he talks out of the side of his mouth figuratively. Knowing he does it literally, too, adds no useful information. :;):
That does depend on what you mean by "lost."
If you mean "no longer usable as a space station," then IMHO Skylab and Mir were taken out of service right on time. They weren't built to be serviced (a bit like a car with the hood welded shut), and stuff wears out - including entire space stations. They just broke down.
If you mean "sent to their firey doom and destroyed," then, yes, I feel that's a dangerous trend. I think we should get out of the habit of abandoning satellites when they stop working to our satisfaction.
An appreciation of military history is indeed necessary for an appreciation of human history. It is important not to confuse the two, though.
PS: Is it bad that whenever I hear Cobra's words in my head, they're spoken with a shrill nasal accent by a GI Joe cartoon character in a hood? :laugh:
Too much TV. TOOoo much TV...
Confirmation by a different radio telescope is vital, yes. It can rule out one of our own satellites, as well as local RFI. Also, Aricebo can only examine stellar objects for brief periods because it only points straight up.
Given the information that the signal frequency does go outside of the 250 Hz per signal bandwidth used by SETI@Home's algorithms, we can get a minimum guess as to its maximum speed if its in an orbit.
delta-f = f * delta-v / c
Thus,
delta-v = c * delta-f / f
where delta-f = 125 Hz = Doppler shift, f = 1420 MHz = Approximate Frequency, and c = 300 * 10^6 m/s = speed of radio waves. Delta-v is actually the velocity away from us, which in a circular orbit accelerates (drifts) most when the source is moving at a 45 degree angle to us.
So, the max delta-v is greater than 36 m/s. Each source is examined for only 12 seconds at a time, so it's safe to assume the actual drift is less than 500 Hz over each observation. That corresponds to a velocity of less than
150 m/s if this source is some sort of emitter in an orbit.
That sort of velocity does not correspond to a 35 minute circular orbit around a planet. Perhaps an asteroid or moon, but not a planet. It could be on the surface of a planet, but then there would be long periods with no apparent frequency drift at all. Unfortunately, there isn't enough data to tell the two cases apart.
The behavior of this source over time is vital to identifying it. Aricebo is not equipped to study it for more than a few minutes at a time. (The estimated period is probably just a projection.) We need to look at it with another scope.
Indeed. We really only have experience with fighting either militias or organized national armies. Fighting both at the same time is new here in the States. We've been fortunate in that our militia (the police forces of our country), like our military, are among the best in the world. However, that's just allowing us to fight a holding action, not take the fight to the enemy.
It does bother me that the response to the "militia vs. militia" aspect of the terrorism problem has, to date, been to give the police more leeway than support.