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I, as an European, always feel rather uncomfortable with this 'ISS-scrapping' talk... A lot of hardware has been built cooperatively, science racks, the soon-to-be used ATV, and of course our little Colombus-lab. Same with the Japanese. A lot of hardware is waiting to be launched at Florida, today, ISS still has a future, i think. Don't abandon it mid-construction.
Hope the other probes/landers make it, but we have to keep in mind there's only been a 30% chance of success, to date, IIRC, so... At least *one* should do ok.
You're kidding? He's the guy that built SpaceShipOne, that arguably has the most chance to win the X-Prize.
He's also the builder of the first plane that flew around the earth, non-stop. And many, many other designs
I like him. He says he hasn't worked a day the last 20 years, he's 'having fun,' designing and building the most original planes ever seen.
He basically wants to prove spaceflight is not as hard as NASA makes it look like. One of his 'rivals' Armadillo Aerospace are doing the same, posting all their experiments on the web, showing rocket-science really is not that hard anymore, compared with the '60s, with modern tech and a 'bit' of engineering experience, you go a long way....
*blush* Thanks, though i still think i'm a bit over-enthousiastic.
Not wanting to be a doom-prophet, but the biggest challenge will indeed be in our heads... Are we mentally mature enough to wield these awesome tools... for the 'good cause?'
Will this ever speeding up pace leave the majorrity of humankind dumbfounded, with a very small techno-elite at the steering wheel? a lot of questions that are (almost) nowhere being taken very seriously... Because we are talking 'stupid science fiction'
Be prepared. But how? Time is running out. Already moderately smart people erroneously created a deadly variant of a common virus in a 'normal' lab, proving it is getting easier by the day for 'lunatics' to do the same.... Intentionally. It doesn't take billions or a genius to figure this stuff out. Not anymore.
Non-proliferation accords on proliferation-based technology sounds a bit weird, neh?
(BTW This is the IBM thing i referred to: Smalltimes)
... And we're getting wildly off-topic on this thread (Wel... I am!)
why is burt rutan ALWAYS referred to as "aerospace maverick" in the media?
Heh. Noticed that, too. I guess it's just a cool-sounding title that gets copied over and over again by lazy reporters. Like when you read Google news, any story on it has always somethig like"...And xyz related articles"
When you look at these articles, 90% are copies of eachother... word for word. They just get a Reuters fax or whatever and copy ad paste it. Sad.
Mars Odyssey measurements suggest radiation levels on the surface are 'manageable'
...And there are clues Mars might be coming out of an ice-age
Jadeheart... About your thousand years. I tend to think too, with current tech it would take that long. But some time ago i read Kurzweil's book on the 'hyperbolic' speed at wich technology is accelerating, don't remember the title, but... Well, it totallly changed my views. About near-midlle time future. He makes some unbelievably wild predictions... But after reading his reasoning... I have to admit, I'm now totally convinced the future will be all and more than we can possibly imagine, right now. Genetic engineering, computer power.. will change everthing, very, very fast. We're on the brink of something very big, if we survive the next 10-20 years. Only yesterday IBM announced true nanotechnology used for computer memory, thechnology derived from bioengineering... Even Kurzweill's predictions seem to be on the safe side, in hindsight.
(Ramble, ramble...)
Bioengineering will bring us nano-sized computers, automated, self-replicating assemblers... At a speed and scale, almost unimaginable, in the next 10-15 years. I'm reasonably convinced this is *not* science-fiction; there are no 'show-stoppers' to make all this impossible, the theories are sound, the 'tools' to actually implement the ideas are getting better every day. The computer you are working on is more powerful than the fastest multi-million supercomputer that was state-of-the-art, barely 15 years ago. sit back and think about that... Now there are millions of these things in use, everyday... And some of hese are being used to work on things that were "foolish science-fiction" only years ago... I have programs here that let me build molecules, in 3D. Right now seti@home is crunching numbers in the background... I'm working with a program that's free, but widely being used in medical imaging labs, I'm trying to coax it into my studies... (involving image-restoration-examination) And that's only computers... Imagiine the things we don't know about that well, because we don't use it on a daily base. Like the bio-engineering-molecular studies. 25 years ago, only people in white coats used computers, now virtually everybody does... In less than 25 years we'll be using biotech suff on a regular basis too, and don't wonder about it...
Such technological leaps make us more powerful in controlling materials every year. I saw a 'Micro-raman' in action two days ago, it's a suitcase-sized electron microscope (!!!), basically you can just switch it on and point it to some object, get the data immediatly on a monitor.... Amazing, 10 years ago these were towering devices, you had to do a lot of iffy work to prepare the samples you wanted examined... Now you can hire one to use it wherever you fancy.
These are very powerful tools, speeding up-again our grasp of the material world around us...
When you pause for a second, and realise how fast our 'tools' evolve... Yes, i'm convinced nano-factories are coming, sooner rather than later. and it will change *everything*
Terraformation in a hundred year, cheap space-flight, cheap solar energy, ... life-extending treatments... The scope for long-time planning. The mind staggers. Will we be able to cope?
(Sorry for the wild prophesies, i'm afraid i have a fever... The flu has hit Europe, too.)
Aetius, good point about the lack of long-term vision of big corps...
Also you might be right, they could very well see Mars as some kind of strip-mining paradize... No nature to harm etc...
And the Martian civillians might get 'used' to living in a non-terraformed world, being satisfied with things the way they are.
But... So many factors 'conspire' to give the impetus to terraformation...
Not enough Nitrogen for our hothouse plants? Lets get an asteroid somewhere, orbit it around Mars, and mine it (or slam it into the ground, much simpler, but not really Red)
But if you begin with Nitrogen 'harvesting' there'll surely people going for ice-meteors, etc...
The lure to use powerful greenhouse gasses is just too big, a 'realistic' amount (by modern industrial standards) produced would carry enourmous benefits... The start of some bioengineered plant-life would be possible, an active water cycle etc...
Someone'll come up with the right cost/benefit numbers, and just start the ball rolling.
Jadeheart, not sure what you mean with bioengineering humans... We would never be able to survive in an atmosphere like Mars has one today, not enough oxygen= no way to keep our complex-multicellar bodies-brains working. There are also no Earth dwelling 'examples' that live in such an environment, so we can't cut-n-splice their genes into ours, to do it. Maybe some altering of our haemoglobin functioning to make it more oxygen carrying-exchanging, but that's about it, and that's not enough...
~Eternal~ , instead of crash-collision, let it aerobreak, no impact on the surface, but same net effect, far gentler... And indeed, a *sudden* drastic rize of pressure would have short-term immensive effects. Maybe a lot of smller ones to do it 'easy'
I thought that his ideas could at least be a little more specific... Had the feeling i was reading the 'introduction' of a broader vision... Now it's like you can't really argue because you simply do not know wha he means *exactly*
That free oxygen should be no problem, since all life (if there is life, of course,...) would be shielded by the thick ice layers on the surface; this life could possibly be feeding on the stuff 'black smokers' eject, like on earth's sea bottom, along faultlines.......
(Edited: Hmmmm... Never post at 6.20 AM. Boring job later on to remove the most obvious typos, and 'fleshing out' telex-styled prose...)
Phew. Robert, i'm getting more confused by the day...
can't follow any of this, i'm afraid, still thinking about your melting-> glass problem... The original quote in this thread: "... the carbonyl process requires metalic iron as its starting point; iron in regolith is an oxide. That still requires smelting to reduce it, and smelting temperature will convert regolith into slag. "
The slag being glass, essentially... with metallic impurities.
So back to square one.
Solution maybe: "water-glass" or natronglass?
Quartz (SiO2), being an acidforming oxide, can react with base (, alkali?)forming oxides ...
If yuo heat the 'SiO2-and-other-stuff-mess' (the slag) with Na or K hydroxide you get soluble(!) Na or K silicate. (You can substitute the hydroxides with carbonates...)
This is how it goes:
Through heaating, carbonates and hydroxides decompose, giving you an alkali-oxide (sp?)
Na2CO3->Na2O+CO2
or
2NaOH->Na2o+H2O
(water and carb diox evaporate away)
So: SiO2+Na2O ->Na2SiO3
This is the commercial 'natronwaterglass' (dunno if that's english) K variant is the more expensivee kaliwaterglass....
In this glass, a lot of Si-O bonds are broken, and get not 'restored' after cooling...
And now for the good part:
Metal-ions find a place between the tetraedric Si lattices, breaking it .
so this glass is a ionbonding-based 'construction,' not strong, and can be dissolved in water under pressure!
I guess, electrolyzing the metals in this solution is the next step
It also reacts with CO2: n*H2o+SiO3(2e-)+CO2
--> SiO2.n*H2O+CO3(2e-)
it forms a gel. it is used to waterproof bricks! the gel pushes out H2o, preventing cracking of the bricks during freezing.
... and if you add HCl you get the 'silica-gel' used to keep your fancy hi-tech stuff dry!
(ok, enough, i'm probably wasting your time)
"...your unique style and thought-provoking posts..."
Huh? Most people describe me as a rambling lunatic with a tendency to speculate too wildly I guess it all depends the way you look at it...
While i was typing the PS about "Green" being possibly two kinds of green, i realized a lot of people will categorize me as a tree hugger. Reality is a bit more complicated. I just wanted to point out that the environment or eco-sphere or whatever you want to call it, ... Can be described by our scientists as a hugely complex thermo-dynamic errr... system.
Arbitrary "let's-see-what-this-button-do" 'applied' chemistry, engineering, bioengineering... will be very tempting to do on Mars. The place is already a radiation-loaded, superoxide desert, what could be worse? (this will be the general view)
But the bigger the button you push on a machine you do not understand, the more far-reaching consequences... it *could* get worse...
I suggest somebody should do *a lot* more modeling, to get at least a minimum of insight in what will happen once we start terraforming. Maybe via the BOINC system, now underway to completion under Berkeleys wings.
(Hey, maybe an idea for the Society?)
Here the white paper:
And here, on the excellent Hobbyspace site: *Loads* of info:
(coincidentially... (well, not-really, i visit that site on a regular basis...) all links in this thread can ve found on the hobbyspace list, proof those people are quite thourough in their indexing)
while we're at it... I like the way they do this thing. Virtually no funding, so they can only do 3-4 tests in a row. When testing is done, they go back to the drawingtables, and measurements they got so far... trying to figure out how to improve upon the concept.
Their test-sessions are very intensive, they do 4-5 launches in a week, with the same vehicule(!), because they are adamant a quick turn-around time is essential for future craft, so better start practicing the theory early on. Sweet.
I'll try and find the whitepaper on the RLV, it's quite interesting.
http://southasia.oneworld.net/article/view/74591/1
Article
One could argue he's to 'blame' for all this :;): :the first one to envision Geostationary sats, and thus world-wide communications as we know it today.
Personally, I think Sir A.C. Clarke is one of world's biggest socio-cultural thinkers... For instance, he described the global disaster of a collapse of the information highway in his second Rama novel, years before the internet was as important as it is now. Only yesterday, a small computer glitch on Nasdaq caused quite some havoc...
Electronic information is becoming more important by the day. The way we handle it in the longer term will be... Well, read the article.
Visited by moderator 2022/02/15
Post scriptum....
A lot of Greens are not green because that refers to nature, life, but the color of banknotes. BIG corporations will be Greens, but they couldn't care less about life itself, their ultimate goal is the economic rewards that life will deliver...
Of course, some Greens will be True Greens, but they will be a tiny minority.
Blue about Red vs Green?
In fact that's a great title...
I guess i'm Red, for i think Mars is so beautiful, to begin with.
But knowing Mankind, once we settle there to stay, all discussions will be moot, there'll be a *race* to terraform, and be sure, we'll s*rew up thing big time...
By the way, all discussions about beauty etc are -sadly- just that, discussions. Mars is economically much more valuable, once terraformed, so it *will* be done. Corporations don't buy beauty- they prefer cash.
*Fast-Forward to future* So i'm red, but i'm not gonna fight the greens, but try to persuade them to be at least marginally sensible in what they do. Throwing nuclear bombs on the poles to melt ice is stupid, dangerous, non-effective, for instance.
And we'll see *a lot* of these crazy plans being concocted, some being actually implemented. Why? Because Mars is empty, most govnments, scientists etc will see nothing more than a big red playground to do some experimenting. Things you can't do on Earth.
All bright and not-so-bright white coated people will be standing in line to do some experimentng, all in the name of the holy word Terraformation.
And there'll be accidents. Company/government/agency (C/g/a) "A" is doing a test with agressive drilling techniques on a place where C/g/a "B" has secretly built an underground lab to do some tests on a controversial new bio-agent...
Results are predictable.
c/g/a "A"in another scenario, is actively ruining efforts made by c/g/a "B" because their long-time visions are incompatible...
etc... etc...
If no long-term vision is widely accepted and adhered to, Mars will be a chaotic, violent place to live.
But who will write this long-term plan?
Tyr, using Phobos or Demios as an anchor for a cable would be overkill... You don't need that much mass to keep it 'up', just send it further outwards when the 'reel' unspools... Another prooblem would be getting them into the right orbit in the first place, these moons are quie big, it'd take a lot of energy to do that, and while the cable might be feasible in another 10-15 years, juggling moonlets to get them used as an anchor, would unneccessary add to its cost.
On the other hand, one of those moons as an anchour would be fantastic, imagine: nowadays mineworkers ride lifts down into the earth to mine for stuff, and 10-15 years later the ride lifts *up* to mine exactly the same stuff, but they get a much better view :laugh:
(ok, lame joke)
No, Deimos/Phobos would be a tremendous asset, all you need is already up there, just jump into a cable cabin with some machinery, and the universe is yours to explore...
Been following this for some time, essentially they are doing tests with a subscale engineering model, each new test adds new stuff. (a bit like the American X-stuff things in the 50's, test it till it breaks, repair, then test some more. This way you learn a lot for little cost...) Eventually they want a bigger thing built, but money is a problem. But since all Japanese Space-Agencies merged into JAXA, they've been getting more and more attention.
Nozom's deadline to start the engine has passed. Eerily quiet on the Jaxa site. So we can assume mission-not-accomplished?
Sad news, if true, but of course quite predictable.
Sigh. Japan's space industry once again facing a big setback.
also, don't forget viking's mini-labs were very 'insensitive,' esp. compared to today's technologies. Scientist went on record stating they'd be surprized if they would be able to actually find positive proof for micro-organisms. Worse, the engineering hardware on Earth never really worked 100%, so they were ecstatic to find, once on Mars, the mini-labs functioned at all (!)
Nowadays, because it is the only 'proof' , 'experiments' we did on Mars, the Viking results tend to be overemphasized, while they were totally *inconclusive*, be it negative or positive.
More tests would surely be welcome. Beagle 2 has one on board, the rovers not. I find that puzzling... When you see NASA apparently is so interested in the exo-life stuff, (but) they don't bother to do the actual searching for it. Maybe they're scared to find nothing conclusive and as a result would see their budgets cut?