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http://www.mantleplumes.org/Mars2.html
Tharsis bulge - impact mantle plume
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=g … s%20impact
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"...The large quantities of carbon dioxide and water vapor that could have been outgassed by Tharsis magma may have also played a significant role in Mars' wet period; Roger J. Phillips calculated in 2001 that it could have formed a 1.5-bar carbon dioxide atmosphere and a global layer of water that averaged 120 meters thick..."
-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharsis
THAT is "outgasing"... The same I proposed for watering of Venus...
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The molten interiors of the rocky planets are WET:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news … world.html
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=g … le%20water
Giant or serial MarsDogy-type impacting is way to excavate mantle water. It is counterintuitive that the hot magma is wet, but do`nt foget the water phase diagram and the water increasing solvent properties in super-critical phase... Also the He4/He3 ratios from the volcano exhaust -- IF the Earth crust as cup holds Helium, what than for water?
Earth and logically Veenus should hold at least 10 x the surfacial water amount on Earth. On Venus the thicker , not plated tectonically crust is the water insulator. Perhaps namely the Moon-formation impact watered much of the Earth`s surface...
...On Mars the Tharsis bulge formation, did`nt outgassed significant prtion of the inner water reserves of this planet. We could repeat the scenario...
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http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/1689.pdf , ESPEcially!
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From the above article: " Accretion simulations suggest water mass fraction of..."
10exp (-3) by mass water portion means ~ 6x10exp20 kg of water IN mars.
10exp(-4) -----//------- ~ 6x10exp19 kg of water content in Mars globally.
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For comparison the Earth`s SURFACE hydrosphere is about 1.35x10exp21 kg...
Looks like pretty enough to water the martian surface via replica of the Tharsean/Noachian impact...
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karov,
The sublimation of co2 from the poles in the summer is the reason i don't think the poles are mostly h20.
The scouring effect of the co2 sublimation should be carrying quantities of h20 all over mars, even if these quantities are small each season the pole should be shrinking if its mostly h20, as deposits of frost settle in areas other than the poles.
No easy to explain mechanism exists to get that frost back to the poles once it makes it to the surface.
Most of mars stays below the freeze point of water all year so whatever is deposited should stay for long periods and just co2 should return to the poles.
Interesting though that in 2004 images of water ice clouds were taken at mars, i didn't know about it.
I didn't even think water ice cloud formation was possible in the rarified Martian atmosphere so some mechanisms can exist i hadn't expected.
Will have to give that some thought on how water ice frost can return to the poles.
The out gassing of mars.
I have to agree 100% on that.
With the energy quantities needed for a Martian teraform its looking like impacts are the only realistic way to attempt a teraform.
How big and what composition and how fast are the questions for the impactors.
The universe isn't being pushed apart faster.
It is being pulled faster towards the clumpy edge.
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Trailing body survival proof. For sequential impact scenarios...
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http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish … erals.html
Important for the dynamics of merging smaller bodies into bigger ones - either small-in-big or lots-of-smaller-into-big-one-to-form...
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http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/0 … rater.html
Important concerning the role of impacts ( and eventually impact astroengineering ) for the tectonics and the planetary "geo"logy... Note: Gondwana braking via the impact...
Lets bet on that Saturn`s Enceladus was south-pole warmed via impact...
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http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc020403.html
Impacts diapirs diathremes volcanism...
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protoJupiter I + protoJupiter II
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