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Chandra X-ray Observatory, supports theoretical arguments that shock waves from stellar explosions may be a primary source of cosmic rays. Chandra X-ray Observatory is a satellite launched on STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999.
XMM-Newton observed the comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the impact caused by Deep Impact. ESA's X-ray space observatory is unique. It is the biggest scientific satellite ever built in Europe, its telescope mirrors were amongst the most powerful ever developed in the world, and with its sensitive cameras it will see much more than any previous X-ray satellite. XMM-Newton is detecting more X-ray sources than any previous satellite and is helping to solve many cosmic mysteries of the violent Universe, from what happens in and around black holes to the formation of galaxies in the early Universe.
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Chandra View of Tycho's Remnant
http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish … ml?2292005
XMM-Newton probes formation of galaxy clusters
http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMDW5A5QCE_index_0.html
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A very massive star collapsed to form a neutron star and not a black hole as expected, according to UCLA research from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. This discovery indicates that nature has a harder time making black holes than previously thought.
http://www.noticias.info/asp/aspComunic … 6454&src=0
A dense cluster of young stars about 16,000 light years from Earth - Westerlund 1
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2005/wd1/
The optical image (left) of Westerlund 1 shows a dense cluster of young stars, several with masses of about 40 suns. Some astronomers speculated that repeated collisions between such massive stars in the cluster might have led to formation of an intermediate-mass black hole, more massive than 100 suns. A search of the cluster with Chandra (right) found no evidence for this type of black hole. Instead they found a neutron star (CXO J164710.2-455216), a discovery which may severely limit the range of stellar masses that lead to the formation of stellar black holes.
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Chandra looks back at Earth, sees aurora dance in X-rays
http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0512/29aurora/
Comet-Like Trail on a Pulsar
http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish … l?27122005
A team of Italian astronomers have discovered that a pulsar racing through the Milky Way has a comet-like trail blazing behind it. The object is called Geminga, and it was previously found to have twin jets of material blasting from its poles. This new, longer tail, was uncovered by studying data archived by NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Geminga is only 500 light-years away from Earth, and moving quickly across our field of view giving astronomers a unique opportunity to study such an exotic object.
Pulsar racing through space reveals comet-like trail
http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0512/19pulsar/
"Astronomers have known that only a fraction of these accelerated particles produce gamma rays, and they have wondered what happens to the remaining ones," said Caraveo, a co-author on the Astronomy & Astrophysics article. "Thanks to the combined capabilities of Chandra and XMM-Newton, we now know that such particles can escape. Once they reach the shock front, created by the supersonic motion of the star, the particles lose their energy radiating X-rays."
Meanwhile, an equal number of particles (with a different electric charge) should move in the opposite direction, aiming back at the star. Indeed, when they hit the star's crust they create tiny hotspots, which have been detected through their varying X-ray emission.
The next generation of high-energy gamma-ray instruments - namely, the planned Italian Space Agency's AGILE mission and NASA's GLAST mission - will explore the connection between the X-ray and gamma ray behaviour of pulsars to provide clues to the nature of unknown gamma-ray sources, according to Prof. Giovanni Bignami, a co-author and director of the Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements (CESR) in Toulouse, France. Of the 271 higher-energy gamma-ray objects detected by a NASA telescope called EGRET, 170 remained unidentified in other wavebands. These unidentified objects could be "gamma-ray pulsars" like Geminga, whose optical and X-ray light might be visible only because of its nearness to Earth.
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