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Until now, scientists could not explain why ice cubes in your drink melt. They've known the basics, but the details remained elusive.
:hm: Sort of like the common cold, huh? No pun intended.
Here's the leading theory:
melting starts when the fundamental structure of matter begins to crack.
Difficulty:
The problem is that the earliest phase of melting has never been seen. Scientists can't see the atoms involved because they are so small and because they are hidden in the structure of solid material.
Excuses, sheesh! :-\ :;):
So Yodh's team made some big atoms. Specifically, they made see-through crystals that are like small beads and are visible in an optical microscope.
"The spheres swell or collapse significantly with small changes in temperature, and they exhibit other useful properties that allow them to behave like enormous versions of atoms for the purpose of our experiment"
A premelting occurs in spots where atoms within solid crystals are not perfectly aligned, and they begin to move. The changes are seen in pictures taken as the material was heated.
"These motions then spread into the more ordered parts of the crystal," Alsayed said. "We could see that the amount of premelting depended on the type of crystal defect and on the distance from the defect."
Interesting.
--Cindy
We all know [i]those[/i] Venusians: Doing their hair in shock waves, smoking electrical coronas, wearing Van Allen belts and resting their tiny elbows on a Geiger counter...
--John Sladek (The New Apocrypha)
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Very nice. Of course we always new this even though their definition is vague on the facts.
The angle between the two hydrogens where they converge on the Oxygen in H2O alters when the temp changes between zero and four degrees C so there is a change in the forces exerted on the Oxygen.
This effect can be produced below the temperature at which Ice forms by intrusion of sub atomic particles or fluctuations in temperature thus creating a liquid state molecule (even within the confines of a greater solid) requiring the aplication of four degrees of cooling to be applied by the surrounding material to return to solid.
What this means is that even down there at minus ten degrees, the interaction of stray nuclear particles can create a water molecule that must then overcome the heat energy it has acquired to return to a solid state.
I've known that since 1982. To pass something off as a 'new discovery' is hack science at it's worst.
If you want to know something of real value, Water is a superconductor...
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Wh-a-aat? (Okay, that's your cue to elucidate, smart guy.)
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I take it you are interested it in the Very last line of my previous post...
Wh-a-aat? (Okay, that's your cue to elucidate, smart guy.)
Water is a Diamagnetic. All superconductors are Diamagnetic. The problem with Water is that it is virtually impossible to achieve superconductive state as vortex fluids and vortex solids are matrix structures in final state or in transition to final state...How do you create a Matrix structure out of water. Not even ice exists like that.
However, in 1999, I found a solution, a Single watermolecule can achieve what is essentially matrix alignment from vortex fluid to solid if electricly polarized.
How it works: The water molecules are in a bucky tube (Carbon nanotubes) Applying pressure to the tube generates an electric wave along the tube and the molecules align so that a radial matrix is formed. all the Hydrogens pointing to the outer carbon layer and the Oxygens are at the centre Core...This is a vortex fluid switched to Vortex solid as the carbon tubes are cooled. Unfortunately, as soon as you send electricity down this carbon encased water cored power cable, it slips back to high temperatures. This is why electricity transfer requires thousands, perhaps millions of fibres simultaneously transfering a part of an energy volume. So what reaches the other end is the sum of all the parts.
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