Jupiters Realms

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-10-19 14:39:21

Hopefully will have time to come back during week and post in JWST thread

check out the news feed on Jupiter atmosphere

Why a 3,000 mile-long jet stream on Jupiter surprised NASA scientists
https://news.yahoo.com/why-3-000-mile-l … 00528.html

Telescope Webb Discovers New Feature in Jupiter’s Atmosphere

Narrow jet stream near equator has winds traveling 320 miles per hour.
https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news … s-2023-147

in metric 514.9 kph

Gan De: Science Objectives and Mission Scenarios For China's Mission to the Jupiter System
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020E … B/abstract
Jupiter Callisto Orbiter

'Jupiter Mission by China Could Include Callisto Landing'
https://www.planetary.org/articles/jupi … to-landing

How NASA's Europa Clipper will survive its trip to Jupiter's hostile moon
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-nasa-euro … piter.html

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-10-20 14:45:19)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-11-25 20:50:12

ESA 2 hr documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOKyzXulb-Y

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-11-29 06:36:55

Landing on Jupiter's moon Europa - NASA tests hardware

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QDTvw0_xWM

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-11-29 11:24:17

they found about 40 craters on Europa some might be cryo-volcanism or impacts, its surface is very, very young, in fact our young surface on planet Earth seems to have more craters but our planet has flows of mud and liquid and an active atmosphere that erodes features on the surface. The Moon Europa is unlike any other world with extremely smooth, elaborately patterned surface of ice and long cracks and fractures but it is of similar size to our own Moon. It has linea, it has small dark sports Lenticula, and flexus low scalloped ridge named after the mythological places visited by Europa during her journey with Zeus the bull, the 'Chaos' feature is a region of chaotic terrain on Jupiter's moon Europa, the Regio is another chaotic and geologically young area it is a residence of erupting carbon dioxide and sodium chloride. Europa also has Macula a feature seen on Titan and Pluto, some observations are cited as evidence for a liquid ocean just below Europa's icy surface.

The reading of the surface temperature of Moon Europa is 100 Kelvin or -173 C or -279.67 Fahrenheit but inside it is thought to have warm flowing water.

Geologic mapping of Europa
https://www.usgs.gov/publications/geolo … ing-europa

Europa Clipper: What's So Cool About Jupiter's Icy Moon? (Live Q&A)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5ns9g_GCCw

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-11-29 11:43:33)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-12-09 07:09:26

Spacecraft Makers: Sewing Blankets for NASA’s Europa Clipper

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TO7io-7_w5A

Calliban · 2023-12-15 08:11:28

The Juno radiation vault.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Radiation_Vault

This was a cube, 1m aside, made from titanium sheet some 1cm thick. This reduces the intensity of Jupiter radiation that electronics are exposed to be a factor of 800. It amounts to 4.5g/cm2 or 45kg/m2. The human body has about 0.2m2 of of surface area. So adding this shielding to a space suite would add 9kg mass. Which would only weigh 1.3kg on Ganymede.

The doserate on Ganymede is about 8rem/day. So this much shielding would reduce doserate to 0.01rem/day, or 3.65 rem per year. So Jupiter radiation won't be be the thing that stops us mounting a mission to Ganymede. On Europa, radiation levels are 500 rem per day. Reducing that by a factor of 800, reduces dose to 0.625 rem per day. So a short missions to the surface of Europa are possible. But long term residency will need to wait for minimal terraforming. On Io, doserate is 3600 rem per day. Even with a shielded suit, an astronaut would take 4.5 rem during a 24 day hour excursion. So Io isn't a place we would want to send people unless there is a strong scientific imperitive.

With regards to terraforming Ganymede. An atmosphere providing 45kg/m2 shielding, would exert a pressure of 4.5mbar under Earth gravity and 0.66mbar on Ganymede. We know that Ganymede surface contains free oxygen, either in solid or clathrate form. Releasing super greenhouse gases and warming the surface should release a large fraction of this stored oxygen. The amount present is not known at this point. If there is enough for a 200mbar atmosphere, then we have a breathable atmosphere on Ganymede. But for this to be the case, we must release 13.6 tonnes of O2 for every square metre of surface area. This would seem to be an implausibly large amount.

Last edited by Calliban (2023-12-15 08:24:45)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-12-24 10:57:58

Researchers use VLT exoplanet hunter to study Jupiter's winds

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-vlt-exopl … piter.html

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-12-28 15:15:58

Off a busy 2023, several exciting space missions are slated for launch next year | Opinion
https://www.pennlive.com/opinion/2023/1 … inion.html
2023 in review: ESA's JUICE mission to SpaceX's Starship launches, another landmark year for space
https://news.yahoo.com/2023-review-esas … 16536.html
China's plans for outer Solar System exploration
https://www.planetary.org/articles/chin … xploration

after a long time at an end of mission NASA might crash something into Io, China would crash something into Callisto or Ganymede and ESA has considered crashing to Ganymede at the end of its mission but the Moon Europa is off limits.

Hour long vid

NASA's Juno spacecraft will perform the first of its two close flybys of Jupiter's moon Io. Let's take a look at the science Juno will perform during the pass as well as look back at the images JunoCam took of Io back in October

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLRPS9LZmn0

NASA’s Juno spacecraft will make the closest flyby of Jupiter’s moon Io that any spacecraft has made in over 20 years. Coming within roughly 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) from the surface of the most volcanic world in our solar system, the pass is expected to allow Juno instruments to generate a firehose of data.

https://www.nasa.gov/juno

'Only 5 more days until the first of two Juno flybys of Io! Preview of the best planned image'

https://twitter.com/volcanopele/status/ … 3419056536

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-12-28 15:28:23)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2023-12-30 21:24:59

'Behold, Io!'

https://twitter.com/volcanopele/status/ … 2867330554

NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill

https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/53432289098/

The JunoCam instrument aboard our #JunoMission acquired six images of Jupiter's moon Io during its close encounter today.
https://twitter.com/NASASolarSystem/sta … 8022757395
This black-and-white view was taken at an altitude of about 1,500 miles (2,500 kilometers). More images will be available soon at http://missionjuno.swri.edu

Raw

copy & paste > ' http://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/junocam … cam&phases[]=PERIJOVE+57 '

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-12-30 21:26:59)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2024-01-05 06:04:48

Amateur Astronomer Finds a Possible Crater on Io

https://eos.org/articles/amateur-astron … ater-on-io

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2024-01-05 06:05:05)

Void · 2024-01-28 10:00:53

This is a very nice video by Isaac Arthur: https://isaacarthur.net/video/lagrange- … ettlement/

I have listened to it a few times, and still think I need to review it again.

Anyway the point he makes about Lagrange locations allowing accumulations of stuff with much reduced likelihood of Kessler Syndrome, is of interest.

The Greeks and Trojans of Jupiter already have lots of stuff in them. I think that sunlight is about 3% that of Earth, and so mirrors could do well for it. That would seem to need 33 sq km of mirror for 1 km of "Land", if efficiently was very good. But the sun shines continually there so actually 33 sq km will be good for 2 km of "Land" having 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of nighttime.

If you lowered the light intensity to that of ~Mars, then you could have 4 km of "Land" for 33 km of mirror. So, not that bad.

Done

Last edited by Void (2024-01-28 10:03:17)

Void · 2024-01-29 11:22:57

I am branching to here from elsewhere: http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php … 63#p218863

Quote:

I am liking what is happening here. I am the Balloon and Moon guy, or Balloon and Gondola, or World and gondola.
I am going to take a branch of this to another topic and leave you to formulate what you will, but I want to say that in my concept you would start with the Balloon and Gondola version I have suggested.
Actually, a small asteroid in a net, with a gondola spinning around it, but then the next moves would be to expand the gondola and shell in the asteroid.
The gondola expansion could then be expanded into a ring. A ring like Callibans.
As for the Lamprey, we could apply the K.I.S.S. principle to it. My version had brushes and propellers, and a spinning flask.
But Callibans idea of brushes and a bag looks pretty good. I would think to consider a parrot like beak that can encompass the Brushes, and the beak should be able to open more than 180 degrees to allow the brushes to contact the asteroid surface. As for the sack, perhaps that would be a cinch sack so that you would fill up bags with stuff. Early on then those bags could be used to improve radiation protection once thay are filled. They might be placed on the outside of the gondola.
I want to move my part of the discussion after this over to "Index» Terraformation» Jupiters Realms". I want to consider it for the Jupiter Trojan and Greek asteroids in particular as their are a lot of them and they are mosely more small and perhaps many of them would be suitable to this process.
Done
https://movies.stackexchange.com/questi … terstellar
Image Quote:
Done

Last edited by Void (2024-01-29 11:24:20)

Void · 2024-01-29 12:16:57

OK, I am going to work on the materials in the just prior post. That in large part is from Calliban, (th), and some bits from me.

Other inspiration is Isaac Arthur: https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/r … ORM=VRDGAR
Quote:

Lagrange Point Space Settlement
YouTube
Isaac Arthur
42.3K views
4 days ago

Trojan and Greek asteroids: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)
Image Quote:

There are perhaps as many Trojan and Greeks as asteroids in the asteroid belt but they tend to be of a more uniform smaller size: Quote:

More than a million Jupiter trojans larger than one kilometer are thought to exist,[2] of which more than 7,000 are currently catalogued.

They are often seen as "D" type asteroids, perhaps a bit like comets.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-type_asteroid

Dyson Swarm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_sphere

Rolling all of this together, I propose a Dyson Patch L4 and L5, in this case for Jupiter.

There is already a great deal of "Sized" small objects many likely having some rubble pile nature. Per Isaac Arthur the differential speeds are relatively small within the L4 and L5, and solar methods can be used to actively position them relative to each other.

Some people will frown at the sunlight intensity at those locations, ~3% of that of Earth, but the cross section of sunlight intercepted will be very Large. I am anticipating that concentrating mirrors will do a lot of good.

Calliban and (th) have worked on a ring to surround a small rubble pile asteroid. I have worked on a "Balloon" and "Gondola" notion.

Quote:

I believe that Calliban was the first person who mentioned a hoop surrounding an asteroid.
Later this showed up: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-rubble-pi … itats.html
It is not the same.
I want to suggest that another possibility may exist that is a combination of the two.
A balloon and gondola setup, where the asteroid is in a net and its spin is imparted to a gondola on a space elevator end where artificial gravity can occur. It is derived from Callibans work and also the Carbon net of the other people.

My idea evolved from this: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-rubble-pi … itats.html
Image Quote:

So, I have a bag full of asteroid rubble and a gondola connected by tether. The gondola then orbits the bag of rocks by mechanical connection and rotation.

I think my approach does not require as strong as a bag. Only the gondola may have higher synthetic gravity.

The bag will have much less, but indeed a little synthetic gravity.

But in time the materials taken out of the bag will be used to expand the gondola into a ring that surrounds the bag, similar to the work of Calliban and (th).

This assembly of bag and gondola and ring, can be a self replicating machine. But I anticipate the participation of humans in it, and also various robots.

So, each part may be replicated. You can make a new Balloon and Gondola and a new Ring.

Then the cloned bag and gondola can go and net a new asteroid and the cloned ring can go dock with it.

So, then to have little ring factories that process the materials in the bag into whatever if possible and desired.

When the contents of the bag were "digested" then the remainder may look like this to some degree: Quote:

https://movies.stackexchange.com/questi … terstellar
Image Quote:

Done

Last edited by Void (2024-01-29 12:57:14)

Calliban · 2024-01-29 15:47:10

Void, I think your idea has promiss. If the Trojans are indeed captured Centaurs, then their composition will resemble a fine mixture of ice grains and mud. This may be easier to process than the stony boulders of inner belt asteroids. We could process material gradually, building the initial tethered space station into a ring habitat.

For larger Trojans, we could actually terraform using the aquaforming technique. There are over 100 Trojans with diameter greater than 42km.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of … ojan_camp)

I decided to calculate the pressure at the centre of a body with a density of 1000kg.m-3 and diameter 40km. It works out at 55.87KPa. That is a high enough pressure to allow plenty of oxygen to dissolve into water. If we were to dump heat into this body, the solids would seperate out to form a core of rock and mud about 20km in diameter. Above the core, would be a mantle of liquid water, some 10km deep. A crust of ice would float on the surface. If humans provide heat and light, an aquaformed body could support a self-contained ecosystem for geologic timescales. The gravity of the world is so weak, that a focusing mirror a couple of hundred km in diameter could be made from tinfoil at the pole of the body. It would track the sun as the asteroid rotates. A powerplant at the focus could generate electric power for artificial light and dump waste heat into the water.

Human cities could be built in air filled balloons anchored to the rocky core. Pressure at this depth would be about 2/3rds of core pressure, or 37KPa. More than enough for a breathable atmosphere. Gravity would be 0.2% of Earth's on the surface of a 40km diameter icy body. Maybe half that at the core mantle boundary. So buildings would need to rotate to produce synthetic gravity for humans. Cities would be 3 dimensional, as humans can easily move around between buildings by muscle power in all three dimensions in such low microgravity.
***************

Additional: It occurs to me that in such weak gravity, bouyancy induced forces would be very low. We could in fact terraform icy asteroids with dry land, by allowing the rocky material to form a core and then inflating a balloon like structure around the core. The pressure within the balloon would balance the weight of the water and ice above it. The mini-world would look something like this.

If we started with a 40km diameter Trojan, which is 50/50 ice and rock by mass, the inner rocky core would have diameter 20km after the stony materials had seperated from the water. The land area of our mini-world would be 1250 square km. It would be interesting to see what kind of ecosystem could develop in a biosphere that small under microgravity conditions. Giant trees a mile tall. Entirely different kinds of animals and plants that evolve under microgravity. The mind boggles. So long as humans maintain such a world, it could last for millions of years.

Last edited by Calliban (2024-01-29 16:31:25)

Void · 2024-01-29 21:22:29

Well, I agree. I have to look again at that video from Isaac Arthur about Lagrange points, but I have the impression that for L4 and L5, what is inside of the bubble of L4 and L5 are rather docile relative to collision events.

I wonder if you could catch comets and bring them inside. That way you would have a feed of new materials, perhaps over billions of years?

Isaac Arthur talks of a Solar Moth for that. https://isaacarthur.net/video/solar-mot … lar-sails/

For that reason, if humans become interstellar, might they value Lagrange points more than planets?
If so, then the bigger the planet, perhaps the better and bigger the L4 and L5.

Done

Last edited by Void (2024-01-29 21:26:11)

Void · 2024-01-30 10:03:21

At the moment, I am thinking that Earth>Moon>Mars>Vesta>Venus>Jupiter L4 & L5>?

The Vesta operation would also involve other asteroids in the main belt.

Done

Void · 2024-01-31 16:57:53

Asteroids are not all the same at all.

One scheme could be a sort of turtle notion:

Pretty simple, could easily have legs rather than wheels. Probably for use on asteroids with some gravity.

So, you stuff the shell with regolith, and have solar panels on the top. Under it you have some reasonable protection.

Where you stuff the shell with regolith, then you get some weight but also inertia. Underslung arms could use the inertia to push into the regolith to grab some.

I also would use magnetism in the cases where the asteroid has magnetic materials in it.

The factory for processing the regolith could be hung underneath the shell.

Arms could have various types of methods to scoop up regolith materials, Some are mention in the idea of Lamprey that might be found on this site if you search. Basically my original notion was a pair or wire brush drums that could pinch materials into a hollow shell, and in there could be slow moving propellers that with a blade pitch might push the materials in further, and then that material to be piped into a spinning drum or a bag.

A 180-degree parrot beak might be helpful as well, and also an arm with a hand that could pick up whole rocks of size.

For some asteroids with the right size, this method might be better than trying to dig an underground habitat. And of course, the shell could have side shields to make the protection better.

Done

Last edited by Void (2024-01-31 17:12:40)

Void · 2024-01-31 19:34:57

Some Useful Items for the previous post:
Impeller: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeller
Duct: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duct_(flow)
Images of "Flexable hose duct": https://www.bing.com/search?q=Flexable+ … cc=0&ghpl=
Here is one product: https://www.amazon.com/Steelsoft-Flexib … B0BXGYRN2P
Image Quote: 81tbFlFShFL._AC_SX522_.jpg
Fluidization: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidization
Mouth: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth
Actuator: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuator
Electromagnetism: (Electromagnets): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

Viewing the previous post, if a turtle were to have four or more legs instead of wheels, they could have mouths on their feet, for ingesting dust.

Fluidization could be achieved for ingested materials by inducing vibration on the duct. This would be a random walk for the fluid however unless a flow were imposed with impellers.

A possible mouth for these legs could be a parrot beak which could open 0 to 180 degrees and inside of that, a pair of wire brush rollers that will brush the surface materials of an asteroid into each other creating a pinch. This is intended to conduct the materials into the duct.

The parrot beak may be used to close off the opening after materials have been consumed from the surface of the asteroid.

The duct should lead to a containment of some kind. A centrifuge, or a bag that can have a draw string cinch close method.

For some asteroids a small gravitation will suffice, along with the inertia of the "Turtle" to allow actions on the surface materials by the mouth feet. The actions will require actuators.

But electromagnetics might also be used to draw the magnetic materials of the bulk of the asteroid to the "Turtle".

It would also be possible in some situations to have two "Turtles" with electromagnets, pull and push on each other where they were on opposite sides of an asteroid.

These concepts are early ones. For fine materials it may work pretty well, but if you get rocks of a wrong size into it you may get rock jams. So, it will need testing and revisions.

The intention though is to convey materials to a factory. If the "Turtles" are big then they may have all the "Guts" of such a factory under the shell of the "Turtle".

As I have said this may suit some asteroids and for others other solutions might be wanted. Ideas such as Calliban and (th) may have.

Done

The surfaces of these objects may often be of finer materials, but below may be rocks not suited to this method. A revision would be needed to handle those. Perhaps a microwave drill could convert rock to dust.

The surface dust will tend to have a bit of Hydration from the solar wind, even for the stony asteroids in at least some cases.

Done

Last edited by Void (2024-01-31 20:01:52)

Void · 2024-02-01 09:17:26

I sort of think of the asteroid belt as belonging to Jupiter's Realms. That is simply a notion that I assert for convenience in this post.

I want to consider the idea of mobile factories on the surfaces of asteroids, such as I have suggested in the previous post.

I like the Trojans and Greeks where I think the average sunlight would be 3% that of Earth. But this wiki indicates that 40% of asteroids are carbonaceous at 2 AU. And at 2 AU, sunlight would be 25% that of Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-type_asteroid

So, what would the ideal world be gravitationally?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_e … _asteroids
Quote:

List of exceptional asteroids

Since there are many small world's most, we call asteroids, but some are centaurs or moons, I am not trying to create a perfected method/machine. I am trying to collect ideas that might be applied in some cases.

What is apparent to me is that the universe has masticated (Chewed) our food for us over time. This generally is on the surface of worlds and is more accessible on low gravity worlds. That "Food" is not necessarily the same as the interior of the world under it.

I have looked at Vesta for that reason. The surface materials of Vesta are apparently a mixture of Carbonaceous materials from slower impactors, and also ejecta from Vesta's craters itself. But Vesta being volcanic, it may have special minerals in its interior as well. And I believe that in one place the Mantle of Vesta may be exposed? Maybe not quite: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature1 … kilometres.
Quote:

A deep crust–mantle boundary in the asteroid 4 Vesta

But with a low gravity on Vesta, it might be possible to get to the Mantle with mining, I am supposing. I don't know if there are any special ores there or not though.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3qrGPFmG38
Quote:

Giant Asteroid Vesta's Shape and Gravity
NASA Jet Propu

http://www.spaceopedia.com/solar-system … ets/vesta/
Quote:

Fast Summary Facts About The Proto-Planet Vesta
Discovered: March 29th, 1807 by Heinrich Olbers
Name Origin: Named after the virgin goddess of home and hearth from Roman mythology
Size: Diameter of 525 km (326 miles)
Asteroid Rank: 2nd largest in the Asteroid Belt
Surface Gravity: Only 0.025g (about 2.5% of Earth’s gravity!)
Orbit Perihelion: 2.15 AU
Orbit Aphelion: 2.57 AU
Orbital Period: 3.63 years
Orbital Inclination: 7.14° to the ecliptic
Rotational period: 5.34 hours
Density: 3.46 g/cm3
Surface: Rocky material consistent with the HED meteorites
Surface Temperature: Between -188 °C and -3 °C

So, about 2.5% of Earth's gravity is of interest.
Sunlight will be less than 25% of that of Earth.

I feel the need to show why I think that there is Carbonaceous material on Vesta: https://www.universetoday.com/99273/anc … om%20Vesta.
Quote:

Ancient Impacts Stained Vesta with Carbon-Rich Material

So, maybe this world, covered in space pablum of a spectrum favorable to humans, could host mechanized animal mimics.

I have suggested a Turtle with mouth-feet, but why not an Elephant, with a mouth-trunk?

A limpet or sand dollar maybe: https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife … mon-limpet
Image Quote: Keyhole%20Limpet%20Nigel%20Phillips%20IMG_1389.webp?h=426ddddb&itok=q2gyfAnC

So, then these robots might be rather large and may or may not include the whole processing. But they could provide radiation and thermal protections, collect solar energy, and move slowly about on the surface of a world like Vesta feeding on the "Pablum".

And Vesta might be a good stopover from Mars/Phobos/Deimos on the way to other places such as the Trojans and Greeks of Jupiter.

Done

Nitrogen if not sufficient on Vesta, might come from other asteroids or maybe even Mars, or some day Venus.

This would work for Vesta like for Ceres, provided Nitrogen was sufficient: https://www.sciencealert.com/could-huma … anet-ceres
Image Quote:

So, then maybe that would be good for Venus, provided you could ship the materials for the devices to Venus. And then Venus could become a Nitrogen donor.

With robotics able to drop the cost of hardware, can we say for sure that it would never be that Nitrogen from Venus could be shipped to Mars, at least to allow one of these Magga Satellites there?

I think that the Neuman Drive and also solar propulsion methods may say that yes, it could be done. https://neumannspace.com/

Done

And why wouldn't we make one for the Earth/Moon then?

Done

Elsewhere: http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php … 58#p218758

I suggested a sort of metal fuel propulsion stimulated by a hydrocarbon device.

I wonder now, if it might be possible to do something like a gunpowder chemical explosion to also seek to propel such a device. Something like the Orion Nuclear ship but without the nuclear. Also, a mass driver might be an option the expulsion of Oxygen or fine dust has been suggested. The point is these propulsion methods could be supported well from a world like Vesta.

Then to aerobrake to orbit about Venus. Then to make habitats in orbit of Venus, then to extract Nitrogen to send to Vesta and other worlds.

Done

Last edited by Void (2024-02-01 10:33:33)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2024-02-12 06:05:06

NASA invites public to dive into Juno's Spectacular Images of Io

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASA … o_999.html

December 2023

Amateur Astronomer Finds a Possible Crater on Io
https://eos.org/articles/amateur-astron … ater-on-io
The most volcanically active body in the solar system may have an impact crater, a discovery spotted by a curious nonprofessional scientist.

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2024-02-12 09:45:19)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2024-03-01 11:07:58

Technicians hoist a five-panel solar array protected by a lid for NASA’s Europa Clipper spacecraft at the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida

https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasakennedy/53561388298/

Mars_B4_Moon · 2024-04-14 09:28:25

Juice aces Callisto flyby test

https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Op … flyby_test

Why was this necessary ?
When Juice arrives at Callisto, the large communication delay between Earth and the Jupiter system will mean that it cannot afford to wait for a reply from mission control if something goes wrong.

Mars_B4_Moon · 2024-06-02 16:07:48

NASA's Europa Clipper Arrives in Florida for Launch Preparation

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASA … n_999.html

Mars_B4_Moon · 2024-06-16 01:58:33

some of the latest

https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/junoca … unocam&p=1

Mars_B4_Moon · 2024-06-19 16:58:53

'The Great Red Spot Probably Formed in the Early 1800s'

https://www.universetoday.com/167417/th … rly-1800s/

New Mars Forums

Announcement

#51 2023-10-19 14:39:21

Re: Jupiters Realms

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Re: Jupiters Realms

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Re: Jupiters Realms

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Re: Jupiters Realms

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Re: Jupiters Realms

#56 2023-12-15 08:11:28

Re: Jupiters Realms

#57 2023-12-24 10:57:58

Re: Jupiters Realms

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Re: Jupiters Realms

#59 2023-12-30 21:24:59

Re: Jupiters Realms

#60 2024-01-05 06:04:48

Re: Jupiters Realms

#61 2024-01-28 10:00:53

Re: Jupiters Realms

#62 2024-01-29 11:22:57

Re: Jupiters Realms

#63 2024-01-29 12:16:57

Re: Jupiters Realms

#64 2024-01-29 15:47:10

Re: Jupiters Realms

#65 2024-01-29 21:22:29

Re: Jupiters Realms

#66 2024-01-30 10:03:21

Re: Jupiters Realms

#67 2024-01-31 16:57:53

Re: Jupiters Realms

#68 2024-01-31 19:34:57

Re: Jupiters Realms

#69 2024-02-01 09:17:26

Re: Jupiters Realms

#70 2024-02-12 06:05:06

Re: Jupiters Realms

#71 2024-03-01 11:07:58

Re: Jupiters Realms

#72 2024-04-14 09:28:25

Re: Jupiters Realms

#73 2024-06-02 16:07:48

Re: Jupiters Realms

#74 2024-06-16 01:58:33

Re: Jupiters Realms

#75 2024-06-19 16:58:53

Re: Jupiters Realms

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