Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-07-12 13:00:11

Thousands of galaxies classified in a blink of an eye
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Thou … e_999.html

Astronomers have designed and trained a computer program which can classify tens of thousands of galaxies in just a few seconds, a task that usually takes months to accomplish.
In new researchm astrophysicists from Australia have used machine learning to speed up a process that is often done manually by astronomers and citizen scientists around the world.

I did a search for Galaxy stuff on newmars but when I search it doesnt return what I'm looking for and it mostly returns Hubble Repair type topics. I thought I could make a new thread here on 'Out There' Cosmology type science, Dark Matter, Quantum Satellites, Galaxy formations, Graviton particles, Anti-Matter, Fermilab Cern stuff, Gravity a wave or a weird unknown dimensional particle Astronomers sometimes reckon they are close to discovering a new thing, a new break through or a mysterious particle that could fuel interstellar travel... i guess these topics in 'Cosmology' they are fringe-ish topics but the science of Cosmology is real, it isn't really science fiction and might one day be applied to a future colony on Mars or the Moon or Europa or some far off exoplanet.

The next Cern on the Lunar surface?

A very high energy hadron collider on the Moon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.02048

Quantum computers are already detangling nature’s mysteries
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/quantum-computing

Astronomers use artificial intelligence to reveal the true shape of universe
https://www.wionews.com/science/astrono … rse-396217

Phantom energy and dark gravity: Explaining the dark side of the universe
https://www.space.com/dark-gravity-phantom-energy

Our modern Cosmology seems to try and blend a lot of the fringe sciences it is dominated by the a scientifically accepted concept the Big Bang theory, many of the ideas in Cosmology can acutally be observed or expermineted on now or in the near future, it is a science which attempts to bring together far out observational astronomy and lab science like particle physics, Cosmology attempts to build some kind of universal model of sorts, they might use fringe ideas like wormholes and dark matter to explain certain mathematical problems while some modern advances to confirm ideas in Cosmology include observations of the microwave background. Some cosmology simulations have suggested that Andromeda and the Milky Way are scheduled for a head-on collision in about 4 billion to 5 billion years around the same time our Earth will be too hot and our Sun eats it.

and yes the Hubble itself is a very important instrument for studying Galaxies, looking for Dark Matter and studying Cosmology
http://www.nasa.gov/hubble/
http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/hst
http://www.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/hst/

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2021-07-12 16:31:45)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-07-26 05:55:18

The Gravity Particle, Gravitons or Waves?

A Gravitational Wave Observatory on the Moon Could "Hear" 70% of the Observable Universe
https://www.universetoday.com/151959/a- … -universe/

tahanson43206 · 2021-07-26 06:49:36

For Mars_B4_Moon re new topic

Best wishes for success with this new topic!

This post will be available for an Index if members like particular contributions and want to find them quickly.

Index to topic:

(th)

SpaceNut · 2021-07-26 17:19:16

The embedded search function gets some stuff but misses quite a bit. Use the advance function for digging into the forum with the google search.

tahanson43206 · 2021-07-26 17:49:50

For SpaceNut re #4

For members (like me) or non-member readers, where is the "advanced" function for search?

I don't see the word "advanced" in Search, either before logging in or after. It may be right there ??? but I don't see it.

(th)

SpaceNut · 2021-07-26 19:01:12

You found it in the peak oil response as its not part of the forum search but part of the bing, google and other search platforms....

As for the moon as an observatory for space thats a bonus as it shield much of the noise of the sun from the outward path but since its got gravity its going to interfere with picking up the faint ripple of its wave.

The LEGO trio is using laser to communicate the presence of a wave as it will not stay locked as it vibrates by the satelite.

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-08-06 08:00:21

Space – Space-based neutrino detector being built in Wichita, Kansas
https://fintechzoom.com/fintech_news_sp … ta-kansas/

Hubble Observes Multiply-Imaged, Gravitationally Lensed Supernova
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/hubbl … 09873.html

Astrophysicists Say Our Universe Could Actually Be a Giant 3D Donut
https://www.sciencealert.com/astrophysi … t-3d-donut

Chinese plans
Tiangong Space Station: Scientific Experiments Ranging from Dark Matter to Cancer Research Planned
https://www.scientificamerican.com/arti … periments/
Over 1000 experiments from dark matter and gravitational waves to the growth of cancer
Mars Society – Peru Chapter and the Mars Society Spain may also have experiments on the China station

Scientists solve decades-long mystery of how Jupiter heats itself
https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/ju … at/116960/

Scientists, in collaboration with NASA, have finally solved the decades-long mystery of how the planet Jupiter heats itself

This German Observatory Has Created The Most Detailed Map Of Black Holes Ever
https://wonderfulengineering.com/this-g … oles-ever/

Test quantum mechanics in space — invest US$1 billion
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02091-8

NASA's Fermi Spots a Supernova's 'Fizzled' Gamma-ray Burst
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASA … t_999.html

It’s Time NASA Built A ‘Cosmic Dawn’ Telescope On The Moon—And It Has Four Astonishing Plans To Choose From
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecarte … oose-from/

SpaceNut wrote:

As for the moon as an observatory for space thats a bonus as it shield much of the noise of the sun from the outward path but since its got gravity its going to interfere with picking up the faint ripple of its wave.
.

I remember a few discussions here about Experiments or Radio Telescopes on the Moon, if I find an old thread with up to date info I might try bump it.

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2021-08-06 08:27:59)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-09-15 16:13:23

NASA finally announces the launch date for its highly-anticipated James Webb space telescope
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech … ember.html

Weird Muons May Point to New Particles and Forces of Nature
https://www.scientificamerican.com/arti … of-nature/

Astrophysicists Spot an Exoplanet With the Potential To Form Moons
https://scitechdaily.com/astrophysicist … orm-moons/

Harvesting Black Holes to power a civilization
https://astrobites.org/2021/09/15/black … on-sphere/

Type I civilizations use all the energy of their home planet. Type II civilizations use all the power of their home star, and Type III civilizations use the energy from all stars in their home galaxy. Humanity does not even classify as a Type I civilization on this scale, so we are relatively unadvanced from a cosmic perspective. But how could more advanced aliens obtain enough energy to progress beyond type II, ? Todays’ paper discusses an intriguing possibility: harvesting black holes.

SpaceNut · 2021-10-24 11:28:15

Dark energy Why one physicist believes our whole understanding of black holes is wrong.

direct?resize=w2000&url=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.nautil.us%2F15358_fdac69c3eee7bd0427535354eae235a4.jpg

physics Nobel laureate Robert Laughlin—introduced an alternative model that he dubbed “dark energy stars.” Dark energy is a term physicists use to describe a peculiar kind of energy that appears to permeate the entire universe.

tahanson43206 · 2021-10-24 12:25:22

For SpaceNut ... thanks for bringing this interesting set of theories to the view of the Forum...

For context, the article contains this reference:

Chapline plans to discuss his dark energy star predictions in December 2018, at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara. But even if his predictions are confirmed, he said he doesn’t expect the scientific community to become convinced overnight. “I expect that for the next few years the [Event Horizon Telescope] people will be confused by what they see.”
Jesse Stone is a freelance writer based in Iowa City, Iowa. Reach him at jessebstone@gmail.com.

Three years is a short time in physics at this level. It is good to have this set of ideas in the topic.

SearchTerm:blackhole alternative explanation
SearchTerm:DarkEnergy explanation for black holes and energy jets

(th)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-10-28 17:29:35

Towards the detection of the nanohertz gravitational-wave background
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Towa … d_999.html
' Although a detection cannot be claimed yet, this represents another significant step in the effort to finally unveil GWs at very low frequencies, of order one billionth of a Hertz. In fact, the candidate signal has emerged from an unprecedented detailed analysis and using two independent methodologies. Moreover, the signal shares strong similarities with those found from the analyses of other teams.'

' Dr. Jonathan Gair, Group Leader in the "Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity" department at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute/AEI) in Potsdam and co-author of the study says: "In analysing pulsar timing data, we are looking for a common red noise in the pulsars that is caused by a gravitational wave background.
"The fact that we are seeing such a red noise is very exciting, but we cannot yet say that it is caused by gravitational waves. The astrophysical implications of the detection of a gravitational wave background from a population of supermassive black holes would be profound. The amplitude and properties of this background are affected by the process through which galaxies assemble and massive black hole binaries form and merge."
However, the amplitude of the red noise is incredibly tiny (estimated to be tens to a couple hundreds of a billionth of a second) and in principle many other effects could impart that to any given pulsar in the PTA.
To validate the results, multiple independent codes with different statistical frameworks were then used to mitigate alternate sources of noise and search for the GWB. Importantly, two independent end-to-end procedures were used in the analysis for cross-consistency. Additionally, three independent methods were used to account for possible systematics in the Solar-system planetary parameters used in the models predicting the pulse arrival times, a prime candidate for false-positive GW signal'

SpaceNut · 2021-10-28 17:35:52

Low frequency or long wave means it would be hard to detect if the amplitude is not a value great enough to see it.

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-11-05 17:00:15

Astrophysics decadal survey recommends a program of flagship space telescopes
https://spacenews.com/astrophysics-deca … elescopes/

To find life on other planets, NASA rocket team looks to the stars
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/To_f … s_999.html

Some science papers and videos are now open source, and copy right free, some sites are for a more libertarian internet they think science solutions might be found from a more open and free internet

Stephen Hawking’s Ph.D. Thesis, “Properties of Expanding Universes,” Now Free to Read/Download Online

https://www.openculture.com/2017/10/ste … nline.html
Thousands of Free Audio books can be found and Digitized Books

NASA made their entire media library publicly accessible and copyright free, a step to more open free culture
https://www.diyphotography.net/nasa-mak … ight-free/

How was the universe reionized? Cosmic sunbursts provide hints
https://astrobites.org/2021/10/09/cosmi … ide-hints/

The Latest Super Telescopes Will Let You See Space Like Never Before
https://futurism.com/the-latest-super-t … ver-before

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2021-11-05 17:02:29)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-11-30 10:25:58

This photo is amazing, Hubble is still doing some great work!
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211129.html
The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi

What created the strange spiral structure on the upper left? No one is sure, although it is likely related to a star in a binary star system entering the planetary nebula phase, when its outer atmosphere is ejected.

Don’t Let String Theory Ruin The Perfectly Good Science Of Physical Cosmology
When you mix science with speculation, you get speculation. But the underlying science is still real.
https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/d … 47523c3556

Exploding myths about antimatter – CERN Courier
https://cerncourier.com/a/exploding-myt … antimatter
This touches upon the observed accelerating expansion of the universe. In particular, Gato-Rivera discusses dark-matter and dark-energy candidates, attempts to detect dark matter and its relation to the fate of the universe.

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-12-07 10:06:36

Every time two massive black holes collide, a loud chirping sound is broadcast out into the universe in gravitational waves.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211207.html

Humanity has only had the technology to hear these unusual chirps for the past seven years, but since then we have heard about 90 -- during the first three observing runs. Featured above are the spectrograms -- plots of gravitational-wave frequency versus time -- of these 90 as detected by the giant detectors of LIGO (in the USA), VIRGO (in Europe), and KAGRA (in Japan). The more energy received on Earth from a collision, the brighter it appears on the graphic

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-12-10 10:38:05

Cosmology is often said to be the far out fringe branch of astronomy that deals with the origin, structure, evolution, the question of alines or origin of matter or energy and space-time relationships of the universe, it deals with ideas like blackholes or wormholes or particle physics. Cosmology is study of the structure and changes in the present universe others say there is a philosophical element to cosmology the study of the universe, and humanity's place in it.

Modern cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which brings together real sciences like observational astronomy and particle physics.

NASA’s newest X-ray telescope rockets into orbit
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/rcna8210

NASA Launches New Mission to Explore Universe's Most Dramatic Objects
https://www.asdnews.com/news/aerospace/ … ic-objects

Astronomers Unlock the Interior Structure of Beta Crucis – Reveal the Age of Massive Southern Cross Star
https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-un … ross-star/

The tetra-neutron – experiment finds evidence for a long-sought particle comprising four neutrons
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/937566

Scientists Discover Gigantic New World that Defies Previous Planetary Understanding
https://futurism.com/scientists-discove … new-planet

Astronomers Discover Enormous Exoplanet Where it Shouldn’t Exist
https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/329 … ldnt-exist

Scientists just spotted a massive storm from a sun-like star
https://www.popsci.com/science/scientis … lar-storm/

A young, sun-like star may hold warnings for life on Earth
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 … 124244.htm

Astronomers Spot Double-Helix Structure in Messier 87
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/doubl … 10347.html

Unlocking the Mystery of the Early Universe Depends on Estimating the Lifespan of Neutrons
https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-the- … -neutrons/

Astronomers Discover New Dark-Matter-Free Galaxy
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/dark- … 10342.html

Can galaxies without dark matter tell us how the universe ends?
https://thenextweb.com/news/can-galaxie … verse-ends

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2021-12-10 10:38:34)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2021-12-11 09:15:23

Gravitational Waves Should Permanently Distort Space-Time. The “gravitational memory effect” predicts a passing gravitational wave should forever alter space-time. Physicists linked the phenomenon to fundamental cosmic symmetries and a potential solution to the black hole information paradox.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/gravitat … -20211208/
Did our sun have a twin when it was born? New evidence that all stars are born in pairs
https://news.berkeley.edu/2017/06/13/ne … -in-pairs/
Astronomers wonder what holds together a distant galaxy that appears to contain no trace of dark matter.
https://www.space.com/dark-matter-missing-from-galaxy

SpaceNut · 2021-12-11 13:17:17

Gravity waves are small as compared to the gravity that is local so the wave is like ones on a lake surface when a rock is dropped it echos across the lake but once its time to reflect the shore absorbs some of the energy and since the wave is of limited energy that spreads out its point of reflection has very little as time and space have diluted it.

Mars_B4_Moon · 2022-01-04 19:17:02

'Cosmic monster' star spits energy with the force of a billion suns.

Magnetars are a type of neutron star with an extremely high magnetic field. Magnetars frequently flare spectacularly and without warning.
https://www.space.com/magnetar-giant-fl … lations-ai
The scientists discovered that the faraway magnetar emitted the same amount of energy as our sun does in 100,000 years in less than a tenth of a second.

Resolving the black hole 'fuzzball or wormhole' debate
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Reso … e_999.html
Black holes really are giant fuzzballs, a new study says. The study attempts to put to rest the debate over Stephen Hawking's famous information paradox, the problem created by Hawking's conclusion that any data that enters a black hole can never leave. This conclusion accorded with the laws of thermodynamics, but opposed the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics.

"What we found from string theory is that all the mass of a black hole is not getting sucked in to the center," said Samir Mathur, lead author of the study and professor of physics at The Ohio State University.

"The black hole tries to squeeze things to a point, but then the particles get stretched into these strings, and the strings start to stretch and expand and it becomes this fuzzball that expands to fill up the entirety of the black hole."

The study, published Dec. 28 in the Turkish Journal of Physics, found that string theory almost certainly holds the answer to Hawking's paradox, as the paper's authors had originally believed. The physicists proved theorems to show that the fuzzball theory remains the most likely solution for Hawking's information paradox. The researchers have also published an essay showing how this work may resolve longstanding puzzles in cosmology; the essay appeared in December in the International Journal of Modern Physics.

Mathur published a study in 2004 that theorized black holes were similar to very large, very messy balls of yarn - "fuzzballs" that become larger and messier as new objects get sucked in.

"The bigger the black hole, the more energy that goes in, and the bigger the fuzzball becomes," Mathur said. The 2004 study found that string theory, the physics theory that holds that all particles in the universe are made of tiny vibrating strings, could be the solution to Hawking's paradox. With this fuzzball structure, the hole radiates like any normal body, and there is no puzzle.

After Mathur's 2004 study and other, similar works, "many people thought the problem was solved," he said. "But in fact, a section of people in the string theory community itself thought they would look for a different solution to Hawking's information paradox. They were bothered that, in physical terms, the whole structure of the black hole had changed."

Studies in recent years attempted to reconcile Hawking's conclusions with the old picture of the hole, where one can think of the black hole as being "empty space with all its mass in the center." One theory, the wormhole paradigm, suggested that black holes might be one end of a bridge in the space-time continuum, meaning anything that entered a black hole might appear on the other end of the bridge - the other end of the wormhole - in a different place in space and time.

In order for the wormhole picture to work, though, some low-energy radiation would have to escape from the black hole at its edges.

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2022-01-05 06:02:26)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2022-01-06 12:22:20

Mini-EUSO is a telescope launched on board the International Space Station in 2019 and currently located in the Russian section of the station.
http://spaceref.com/international-space … sults.html
Main scientific objectives of the mission are the search for nuclearites and Strange Quark Matter, the study of atmospheric phenomena such as Transient Luminous Events, meteors and meteoroids, the observation of sea bioluminescence and of artificial satellites and man-made space debris.

It is also capable of observing Extensive Air Showers generated by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with an energy above 1021 eV and detect artificial showers generated with lasers from the ground. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the UV range (290 - 430 nm), with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 μs, observing our planet through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module.

The instrument, launched on 2019/08/22 from the Baikonur cosmodrome, is based on an optical system employing two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity and an overall field of view of 44∘. Mini-EUSO also contains two ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared and visible ranges. In this paper we describe the detector and present the various phenomena observed in the first year of operation.

Mars_B4_Moon · 2022-01-09 21:12:32

Antimatter Responds to Gravity in Same Way as Regular Matter, New Experiments Suggest
http://www.sci-news.com/physics/antipro … 10437.html
New experiments by the BASE Collaboration at CERN deal with direct investigations of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons

Is Space Pixelated?
https://scitechdaily.com/is-space-pixel … m-gravity/
The Quest for Quantum Gravity

JWST
https://www.engadget.com/nasa-10-billio … 49573.html
NASA's $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope will study the universe's origins

MIT Scientists Snap Images of “Quantum Tornadoes”
https://futurism.com/the-byte/mit-quantum-tornadoes
super-cold atoms moving from being governed by classic, to quantum, physics, forming quantum tornadoes.

NASA’s $10B James Webb Space Telescope fully deployed in space
https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/miss … -in-space/
Some two weeks after its Christmas Day launch, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope finished unfolding itself into its final configuration.

We Must Consider Benefits of Sending Life Outside of Solar System, Researchers Say
http://www.sci-news.com/space/interstel … 10439.html
University of California, Santa Barbara’s professors Philip Lubin and Joel Rothman and their colleagues contemplate launching small cryptobiotic lifeforms

There is a dedicated JWST thread here
http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=2191&p=5
everything going well

Mars_B4_Moon · 2022-01-12 13:06:56

Radio astronomers scouring the archives spotted black hole devouring a star
https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/01 … ng-a-star/

After JWST, the next milestone will be The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. The Roman Mission is predicted to find 100,000 Transiting Planets.
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/20 … ng-planets

Cheops reveals a rugby-ball-shaped exoplanet
https://phys.org/news/2022-01-cheops-re … lanet.html

Astronomers witness the explosive death of a giant star for first time
https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/a … -rcna11830

New observation from merger of two black holes could change laws of physics
https://www.msn.com/

he merger of the two black holes was first spotted on May 21, 2019, by two gravitational wave detectors - the National Science Foundation's Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, or LIGO, and the European Virgo detector - in an event called GW190521g. Scientists looked for light signals from the merger at the location where the gravitational wave signal originated.
"These gravitational wave detectors have also spotted mergers between dense cosmic objects called neutron stars, and astronomers have identified light emissions from those collisions," Nasa said in a statement.

NASA's next, next telescope, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, will detect 100,000 transiting exoplanets through how their gravity distorts light
https://orbitalindex.com/archive/2022-0 … -telescope

The complete dataset of 10,000 galaxies, which is the largest-ever collection, is released. MaNGA team releases largest-ever collection of 3D maps of nearby galaxies
https://phys.org/news/2022-01-manga-tea … earby.html

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2022-01-12 13:07:54)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2022-01-12 16:39:11

New treasure trove of globular clusters holds clues about galaxy evolution

https://news.arizona.edu/story/new-trea … -evolution

Using observations of the nearby elliptical galaxy Centaurus A, a team of astronomers led by the University of Arizona found an unprecedented number of possible globular clusters – old, dense groups of thousands of stars that all formed at the same time.

Centaurus A, also known as NGC 5128, is a visually stunning, elliptical galaxy featuring a relativistic jet spewing from a supermassive black hole at its center and spectacular streams of scattered stars left behind by past collisions and mergers with smaller galaxies orbiting Centaurus A. Located in the constellation Centaurus, 13 million light-years from Earth, Centaurus A is too far away to allow astronomers to see individual stars, but star clusters can be identified and used as "fossil evidence" of the galaxy's tumultuous evolution.
Hughes and her colleagues present a new catalog of approximately 40,000 globular cluster candidates in Centaurus A, recommending follow-up observations focused on a set of 1,900 that are most likely to be true globular clusters. The researchers surveyed globular cluster candidates out to a projected radius of approximately 150 kiloparsecs, nearly half a million light-years from the galaxy's center. The data combines observations from the following sources: the Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sculptor, or PISCeS; Gaia, a space observatory of the European Space Agency; and the NOAO Source Catalog, which combines publicly accessible images from telescopes in both hemispheres covering nearly the entire sky.

Centaurus A has been a leading target for extragalactic globular cluster studies due to its richness and proximity to Earth, but the majority of studies have focused on the inner 40 kiloparsecs (about 130,500 light-years) of the galaxy, Hughes explained, leaving the outer reaches of the galaxy largely unexplored. Ranking the candidates based on the likelihood that they are true globular clusters, the team found that approximately 1,900 are highly likely to be confirmed as such and should be the highest priority for follow-up spectroscopic confirmation.
"We're using the Gaia satellite, which mostly focuses on surveys within our own galaxy, the Milky Way, in a new way in that we link up its observations with telescopes on the ground, in this case the Magellan Clay telescope in Chile and the Anglo-Australian Telescope in Australia."
Centaurus A's structure tells astronomers that it went through several major mergers with other galaxies, leading to its glob-like appearance with river-like regions that have many more stars than the surrounding areas, Hughes said. Providing the closest example of an elliptical galaxy, Centaurus A offers astronomers an opportunity to study up close a galaxy that is very unlike our own. The Milky Way, as well as its closest neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy, are both spiral galaxies. With their familiar, pinwheel-like appearance, spiral galaxies may seem like the "typical" galaxy, but it turns out that their less orderly elliptical cousins outnumber them in the cosmos.
"Centaurus A may look like an odd outlier, but that's only because we can get close enough to see its nitty gritty details," Hughes said. "More likely than not, both elliptical and spiral galaxies like the Milky Way are messier than we realize as soon as we look a little bit deeper than just on the surface."
Globular clusters serve as evidence of processes that happened a long time ago, Hughes said.

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2022-01-12 16:39:32)

Mars_B4_Moon · 2022-02-25 16:35:55

Strangely tilted black hole challenges formation theories
https://www.space.com/tilted-black-hole … n-theories

Calliban · 2022-02-25 19:31:55

I was thinking about blackholes just the other night. Not something that I have ever spent a lot of time investigating. I reached a realisation, that many others have no doubt already reached.

There are long running questions about what lies at the centre of a blackhole. The general assumption is that it is a singularity - a point of infinite density. But this is a mathematical extrapolation that may in fact be wrong. General relativity tells us that time dilation increases as an object approaches the event horizon. As it crosses, from the point of view of an external observer, time appears to stop and the object appears to stop on the event horizon. For an observer approaching the event horizon, the external universe would appear to speed up. At the point of crossing, the entire lifetime of the universe would shoot past in the blink of an eye. What this suggests is, that far from being infinitely dense points of matter, black holes are effectively spherical shells of compressed matter. What lies at the centre is effectively nothing, because no matter that falls into the hole ever reaches the centre in the lifetime of the universe, because of the infinite time dilation effect. The shell would be almost (but not quite) infinitely thin. Instead of describing these things as quantum singularities, it would be accurate to describe them as gravitationally collapsed matter shells. Doesn't have quite the same ring to it, but thatvis what these things must be.

There would seem to be no need for exotic physics to explain what exists at the centre of blackholes. The answer is simply nothing, because it would take an infinite amount of time for anything on the event horizon to fall into the centre. All matter falling into a black hole gets squashed onto the event horizon like a bug on a windshield. And it will stay there effectively for the lifetime of the universe.

Last edited by Calliban (2022-02-25 19:37:49)

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#1 2021-07-12 13:00:11

Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#2 2021-07-26 05:55:18

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#3 2021-07-26 06:49:36

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#4 2021-07-26 17:19:16

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#5 2021-07-26 17:49:50

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#6 2021-07-26 19:01:12

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#7 2021-08-06 08:00:21

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#8 2021-09-15 16:13:23

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#9 2021-10-24 11:28:15

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#10 2021-10-24 12:25:22

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#11 2021-10-28 17:29:35

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#12 2021-10-28 17:35:52

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#13 2021-11-05 17:00:15

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#14 2021-11-30 10:25:58

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#15 2021-12-07 10:06:36

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#16 2021-12-10 10:38:05

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#17 2021-12-11 09:15:23

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#18 2021-12-11 13:17:17

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#19 2022-01-04 19:17:02

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#20 2022-01-06 12:22:20

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#21 2022-01-09 21:12:32

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#22 2022-01-12 13:06:56

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#23 2022-01-12 16:39:11

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#24 2022-02-25 16:35:55

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

#25 2022-02-25 19:31:55

Re: Cosmology - Pulsars, Blackholes, GravityWaves, DarkEnergy, Galactic

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