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Why put crew in HEO? Crew would be outside the protection of the radiation belts. These orbits are designed for comm sats.
First things first. Surface payloads can be adapted from Hayabusa or even the Rosetta comet lander, that's the "easy" part. And a good way to include partners.
First a mission has to be designed, then the hard part is to get it funded. Right now there are no suitable NEOs that the "Lower Bookend" configuration can reach. Apparently a follow on study may be approved.
Not so fast Vincent, it's still 6 days and 6 hours ... every day counts.
Latest EDL sequence with times and altitudes
From Phoenix Press Kit (PDF 3MB) - dated 8 May 2008
spacecraft status:
___Altitude above Mars: 1,500,000 km
__Distance to Landing: 12,200,000 km
____Speed relative to Mars: 9,608 km/h
6 days
The flag pin is a national symbol, it is not to be worshiped. It is quite appropriate for a country at war.
So the people should "kick the governments asses" until they do what the people want, and who exactly represents the people and decides which asses to kick? The unelected media?
The government is elected to represent the people on the basis of a party policy, it's not a perfect system, but it works better than any other.
WMAP poses for ESA's Gaia - 8 May 2008
The main goal of the Gaia mission is to make the largest, most precise three-dimensional map of our Galaxy. To this end Gaia will survey the entire sky to detect and very accurately measure the position and motion of each star down to mv~20 that passes its field of view.
The correct scientific evaluation of Gaia's position measurements makes it necessary that the absolute velocity of the spacecraft with respect to the Solar-System barycentre must be known to 2.5 mms-1, or to one part in 10 million, and the absolute position to 150 metres, or to one part in a thousand million.
From Constellation Enabled Missions (PDF 8MB) - 18 Jul 2007
The are plenty of NEOs to keep explorers busy for a while!
Obama’s Flag Pin Reappears - 14 May 2008
Looks like a dune field to me.
Orion/Ares I first flight is planned for 2013, so they'll have to work a lot faster.
ESA/RKA are not planning a Moon landing, this craft would probably only be capable of lunar flyby, maybe not even orbit unless they develop a new booster. ESA are talking about providing a robotic lunar lander or maybe a pressurized rover - see Armstrong Outpost - status.
Yep, it's in the plan.
Yeah, and a shopping trolley can carry the same payload as MER
It's interesting to note that both Phoenix and MSL will be using similar resolution CCD technology as MER. Phoenix will have the same 1024x1024 CCD chip but more filters and MSL will have a slightly bigger one (1600x1200) that can also produce HDTV.
Yep. And to complete the system it would rendezvous with a reusable transit vessel that would be refueled by lunar/Martian ISRU supplied by reusable tankers.
Reusable from Earth to LEO, then space based fuel the rest of the way again and closed life support. Should be quite game for passengers guessing who previously ate their food. For Mars EDL/ascent again a reusable craft would be needed.
Of course all this is at least one more generation of space craft along or perhaps two.
Wordpress integration of the forums?
Can't wait for the google site search, message copy and move, topic merge, moved shadow deletion, and youtube integration. Oh and image resizing would be nice too if you have extra time
GLAST Gets Shades, Blankets for the Beach - 13 May 2008
NASA's Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope, or GLAST, is receiving finishing touches at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, near the beaches of eastern central Florida for its launch. The spacecraft is set for launch aboard a Delta II rocket no earlier than June 3. The launch window runs from 11:45 a.m. to 1:40 p.m. EDT.
Housed at the Astrotech Facility located near the Kennedy Space Center, Fla., GLAST is getting a lot of attention from engineers and scientists, from sun shades to thermal blankets, to final inspection.
Recently, sun shades were installed on GLAST. "These are light shades on the star tracker optics (optics that measure where the observatory is pointing) that keep light outside of the field of view from obscuring the star field," said Al Vernacchio, GLAST Deputy Project Manager at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. "Sun shades are like a visor you flip down in your car on a sunny day to block the Sun's glare so you can see the road," said Steve Ritz, GLAST Project Scientist at Goddard. They "shade" the star tracker field-of-view from stray light coming from the Sun, the Earth and the Moon, so GLAST's star trackers can see the needed reference stars. GLAST uses reference stars to check its orientation. Basically, GLAST is navigated using both GPS and the stars.
Once the shades are installed, temporary covers are placed on the open part of the shades to protect the optics from debris. These covers are removed after the rocket fairing (shell of the rocket where GLAST will sit) is installed on the launch vehicle prior to flight.
Thermal blanket "closeouts" were also recently done at Astrotech. Basically, thermal blankets are to spacecraft as clothes are to people. They'll protect GLAST from the harsh environment of space. A "closeout" means taping up all the loose seams on the insulation. The seams are always left open as long as access to the spacecraft is needed.
Engineers also made sure that GLAST had a thorough cleaning and a "blacklight inspection." The cleaning/blacklight inspection is just what it implies - going over everything carefully. "The blacklight can help with the cleanliness inspection, especially in finding organic materials like fingerprints which fluoresce (and become visible) under the ultraviolet from the blacklight," said David Thompson, a GLAST Deputy Project Scientist from NASA Goddard.
On May 4, workers moved the GLAST spacecraft to the Hazardous Processing Facility near Kennedy Space Center, Fla. for fueling.
Currently, the Delta II launch vehicle that will carry GLAST spaceward is also being prepared on Launch-pad 17B.
If not for the Europeans lack of experience with space capsule technology, they could probably beat NASA to making an Ares-I/Orion style launch system.
Doubtful. It's that lack of experience and the enormous cost of acquiring it that makes using Russian technology so attractive. Even with Russian technology this unconfirmed article (still no press release from ESA BTW) says first flight in 2018.
Yes, it's an impressive piece of work - probably about 100 frames each taken with 3 filters - so about 300 images. Getting the light conditions balanced needs images to be taken at the same time each day, so an astronaut may need to return several times to complete it. Travel to location and setup time starts to add up.
The tricky part is estimating the cost of astronaut time. A crew of six can't all be exploring every day as they need to recover and maintain their hab and equipment. Using the same basis as MER one would have to count the entire development cost which would be a LOT of dosh (probably far more than $30billion, maybe ten times that). Otherwise one could try to estimate the replacement cost of a rover and use an estimated cost per human mission. Human missions initially will be about 500 sols on Mars. The MERs have lasted over 1400 sols. So a lot of unknowns, play with the assumptions and almost any answer is possible. It's very hard to see that a human on Mars could take that photo as cheaply as a robot, unless they used a robot to take it
Points from the 2008 NASA Authorization Act text
HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT GAP.—In addition to the sums authorized by subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes described in subsection (a)(3) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, to be used to accelerate the initial operational capability of the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle and the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle and associated ground support systems, to remain available until expended.
and
(A) $150,000,000 shall be for an additional Space Shuttle flight to deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer to the International Space Station
and
SEC. 601. UTILIZATION.
The Administrator shall take all necessary steps to ensure that the International Space Station remains a viable and productive facility capable of potential United States utilization through at least 2020 and shall take no steps that would preclude its continued operation and utilization by the United States after 2016.
Video of ISS fly over - 12 May 2008 - from spaceweather.com
"A new period of visible ISS transits over Europe has begun and will last for nearly three more weeks," says Dirk Ewers of Hofgeismar, Germany. "I took these pictures during the early morning hours of May 12th using a 5-inch refracting telescope."
Gotta see these amazingly clear images from such a small scope!
To make the exercise valid for Mars exploration we need common denominators. Distance traversed, science payload, samples returned. For cost we can use either a simple total cost or cost per kg. if you can think of a better measure, than by call means suggest it.
The cost per km traversed, cost per kg of returned sample, cost per image - would all make sense.
Exploration cannot be measured in kg.
The point was a general one about technology not breakthroughs. Free markets allow the fast transfer of technologies between markets and states. Most democracies support free markets even though protectionism is still rife, controls are fast disappearing as globalization speeds up this process to everyone's benefit.
As to your examples:
Yes, ballistic missiles, GPS and nuclear weapons were all the result of government military programs.
The Internet is a collection of technologies, most of which were privately developed. The underlying TCP/IP protocol was developed by government for military networks, but it was just an extension of other network protocols. The real breakthrough happened when the Internet was commercialized and private enterprise constructed its vast infrastructure and provided an enormous number of services.
The breakthrough developments in microchips were done by private industry (namely Fairchild)
Cheap cars were not exactly a "breakthrough" or a technology. The technology was mass production and that was done by the private sector, namely Ford Motor Company.
Yes, this is the simplest of the proposed configurations and because it doesn't need an Ares V, it can happen much sooner. Unfortunately because it's using the small (think about that folks) Delta IV Heavy it can't reach many NEOs, however new ones are being discovered all the time.
Testing ways to dock and get samples would be one of the objectives as well as bringing them back for analysis!
Yes, and it's even clearer in the section about using commercial services. RKA, ESA and JAXA would all want to send their astronauts to the Outpost. A trip there is going to be very expensive, the ticket price will be beyond everyone else except billionaires and it won't make much sense until the Outpost is fully functional and the basic exploration work is complete.
Flight descent thrusters
twitter update:
Trajectory maneuver completed! Engines fired for 3 seconds to nudge course to landing site. All spacecraft subsystems are nominal.
___Altitude above Mars: 1,800,000 km
__Distance to Landing: 14,600.000 km
____Speed relative to Mars: 9,598 km/h
7 days