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The main benefits is that the cycler can allow crews to only have to take the supplies they need to survive the voyage and the shuttlecraft that gets them from Earth to cycler and from cycler to Mars. The infrastructure and space to allow the crew to move around will already be on the cycler. And it is not just to Mars that cyclers are good for as there orbits allow a mission to anywhere that the cycler is going.
Another advantage to cyclers is that they can be added to and can be made very big. So if you have a need to send a lot of people and equipment then cyclers are the best way. But then again it will cost a lot of money to develop them and unless we do plan colonisation I dont believe we will go this way.
Sounds like I prefer option 4. It would certainly result in an authority that would give the Moon an infrastructure and development board which can licence out development ideas.
But it is the principle of such an authority that would prove the most benefit and similar organisations almost like port authorities would be made for other parts of the solar system. Especially Mars, And Port authority type organisations can raise there own funds and can be invested in......
Science Chief Notes, 8th, May, 2103
Great come to Mars, Travel millions of miles and get floored by a bad cold. Still Colonel Barkley seems to have managed to get on well without my council and seems to have the situation in hand. This leaves me free to do what im supposed to be doing, science. These tunnels and caves below us are of great interest and it is interesting how they could have formed. The two main answers seems to be Volcanic and water action with a probability of both needing to explain the expanse of them. Also it is likely the reduced gravity is keeping these not so secure tunnels up.
Actually one concensus is that a lot of these tunnels could have formed by the effects of free water that froze and then pushed the rock apart with the water later flowing away in a warm spell. Also possible is during a warm period, streams would get caught and though the top remain pure ice the lower part is heated by volcanic action so deepening and eventually forming cavern complexes.
But what really is exciting is that these cave complexes are likely to hold prehistoric martian atmosphere and conditions. And so we have devised a device to search and learn for us. The device which resembles nothing much more than a mechanical milipede digs using sonics to dissolve the rock and then very cautiously enters a cave. Using a laser to map the cave it then samples the atmosphere and conditions while showing the cave in glorious colour to us the researchers.
To provide the virgin material that we crave we are avoiding used complexes and are trying to get to all new caves first. Also with everyone seemingly hacking each others computers I have had to put the whole system on a stand alone basis like I did with all my best kept research secrets. Still we are providing to all who ask any data we find.
One other thing is that we have been able to build a nice little power supply by using the eddison effect. With the ground being very warm the deeper we have gone and the surface still cold it allows after a while a very decent fix to our power problems. Those the Fusion generators cant handle that is by putting power into a small farm of gyroscopes that allows power storage.
Dr. Gryphon
I have to ask but what happens to the Commonwealth should a terran Nation state frankly ignores that the commonwealth owns everything and remains doing its own exploration and possible colonisation. What if this Nationstate was never a member of the cooalition that forms the Commonwealth and has refused to ever join up. Prefering its own way of doing things.
Then without using military force or at least threats the commonwealth will become a very weak and inefectual organisation. And there are countries that will not sign up for anything like a commonwealth and there citizens will not be bound in supplieing the martian settlers who want there freedom.
*How did 16th and 17th century explorers manage to make world maps?? ???
There's a 17th-century world map (albeit not entirely complete...NW Canada and Alaska are absent) reproduced twice inside both covers of the book about William Dampier I'm reading. Can distinctly see outlines of Saudi Arabia, India, Australia, South America, British Isles, etc., etc. I've seen reproductions of those old maps before, of course...but how did they manage to make them, does anyone know? Will ask at History House too.
--Cindy
They did it by the clever use of time and rope. A naval cartography vessel knew how fast it was going by simply dropping a buoy overboard and it new the length of the ship. It then new how fast the ship was travelling. From this and the use of a sextant it could tell how far apart points determined where and also by using a sounding line how deep and what composition the bottom was.
Add to this knowing what time it was and also using star positions it was possible to find pretty exactly where you where in the world. But with the Invention of longitude and latitude this got a lot easier and it basically required a very efficent clock.
So now they just mapped the points and since it was major trade routes you have described then these places where very thoroughly mapped.
But there are other means apart from a Gun that rquires to know your fingerprint etc. One option that has been seriously discussed is to have a small micro chip and I mean very small actually in your hand, both of them. The Gun will only fire when it is able to recieve that signal.
Add to the bullets leaving the Gun an electric signature of who fired it and you have a means to police and reduce threat in gun issue.
Err, wouldn't that then be a single stage system? I'm skeptical of any Medium-lift solution: Yes, the cost per pound may be a lot cheaper than any SDV can deliver, but the actual space program based on an HLLV will be much much cheaper overall (Reduced complexity, etc.). Maybe we're focusing too much on launch costs, and forgetting to look at the effects on the overall program costs.
-Mike
Good call, but on a related matter
Assuming that shortly after we have the current shuttle flying again there will be an exact request for a replacement for the shuttle from Nasa. Im still not sure that a good part of the Shuttles army of ground support will not simply be added to this the next generation launcher.
Do we have a figure as to how many are in this ground staff and there exact job descriptions. We will have to accepth that we will get a cross over from the Shuttle to this new launcher/s of a good majority of this ground army.
And we are talking about everybody from the Mission controller down to the people who clean up. There are a lot of important jobs that go with space launches and these we are not costing into any of these systems.
Oh there is fat that can be cut but how much is difficult. Nasa is a goverment agency and has a well padded out structure. This can be deflated a bit but in this it is the little guy who seems to go first and this actually effects efficiency on the ground.
So the arquement really should come down to this which system or combination will give the most value per dollar spent and value must include launch rate, science, efficiency, capacity and also how big a standing army it needs to actually operate.
*Well I am truly sorry for the death of the Italian agent...and for anyone who dies in Iraq as a result of the war.
But to pull out their troops entirely over this one very unfortunate incident? And the wounded, freed hostage as well?
Finish what you started (or, in this case, -joined-).
Maybe their hearts weren't with the war for starters. IF so, they should have kept their troops home from the get-go, especially as death and tragedy are part and parcel of war...you certainly can't guarantee these sorts of misfortunate events -won't- occur.
--Cindy
The problem was that the Italian goverment had not been following what was termed the party line when its citizens had been held for ransom. It may well have paid them off.
But what has the Italians really irate is the belief that the vehicle was deliberatly fired upon. The Base commander knew the Italians where coming along the road and the watch on duty knew it too.
But just before the vehicle was due along the road, fresh soldiers appeared and it was them who fired on the vehicle.
Now the Goverment of Italy has not come out shouting that it was just a tragic accident actually they are being for this country very quiet. Public opinion demanded an immediate return but the withdrawl will be staged from september.
Italy has ordered the staged withdrawl of the 3000 troops that it currently has in Iraq. This follows the Killing of a secret service agent and the wounding of a freed hostage by American soldiers.
So there the repercussions have happened, Italy was a faithful supporter of the coalition in Iraq and a supporter of both Bush and Tony Blair. But with public feeling very negative since the incident. Is this a body blow to the coalition and has put more pressure on Blair as a European
Science Chief Notes, 25th April 2103
Apart from that Early dose of conflict it seems to have gone all quiet again. It may be that our quick armed response has given us the respect that we need to survive here. We also have managed to get in contact with some of the original settlers and they seem willing to coexist and engage in limited trade. This is good especially with our shortages of Earth derived materials beginning to bite. We simply have run out of alcahol, so thank god for Phobos Red.
The base continues to grow in leaps and bounds but energy is the problem we now face we simply cannot generate enough and keep the Diamond lasers fully charged. I have envisaged a modest Hydro electric facility using the flowing Shenadoah river. But another potential power source has also been found.
Digging in at what was the old base discovered what appears to be a large cavern of S##t. It seems the original base staff stole that much of the bases plumbing that all the effluent had to go somewhere and over the years it has slowly fermented. Embarassingly the cavern was under quite a bit of pressure and we have had to flare off the methane regularily. Unfortunatly the flare pipe was located between two prefab oval domes, we have seen the satelite views of our base and it does actually look like a pair of massive bum cheeks and we are lighting our......
I can only hope that the people back on Earth dont take it as an insult....
Dr Gryphon
If we view the spread of the HIV strain amongst both African and Asian countries we find that it is the Poor, undereducated countries that have the worst problem. Unlike the western world these countries have no sex education or anything like a decent medical service. This is because they simply cannot afford it or are under a country where most funds are simply being syphoned off illegally.
There is also what appears to be a genetic link too(see previous post). But in Russia which also is pretty much ignoring the aids epedemic it spreads. Even in the west where we pay for a lot of information we are struggling to stop the spread of this disease. Our problem is simply the "it wont happen to me" outlook.
It is true that we have not got a real good idea of when the egg becomes a Human, and has all the rights that a person should have.
But it comes down to at what time does the egg become people. when it is first fertilised or when it has become a fetus. I would use the rule of thumb if it has a brain then it is Human so in the first 2 weeks this is not the case.
But do we have to manufacture stem cells well not necassarily. They are present in people still assuming you are fertile either male or female. Is it harder to get them. yes, but at least they are already genetically similar to you.
The above arquement only really comes down when we start designer babies either so we can screen them to ensure that a particular gene disease does not get passed down, or to the more controversial making sure that the genes we want are in those children.
The deputy, a 51-year-old woman just 5 feet tall, was simply no match for the inmate she was escorting to the courtroom, a 6-foot-1, 200-pound former college linebacker on trial for rape. Authorities say Brian Nichols overpowered deputy Cynthia Hall, took her gun
Not to mention he's nearly 20 years her junior. ::shakes head:: Absurd. Completely absurd.
But now the story's a bit different: No mention that -she- was shot, nor that he grabbed a gun she was carrying in a belt holster, but that
Nichols apparently took Hall's gun from a lockbox, using her keys
Story's changed a bit, but still...could all have been avoided if he'd been restrained!
At least 3 people are dead.
P.S.: And how ridiculous is this:
Authorities have said Nichols was not in handcuffs or shackles as he was being moved to the courtroom because they did not want to taint the jury by showing him in restraints.
He's already in jail, has been arrested. Showing him in handcuffs and restraints would have "tainted" the jury?? I'd expect to see a prisoner in said restraints. :-\
Unfortunatly for the poor Guard is that Judges have a tendency to actually insist that people in front of them remain unbound. As it may prejudice a jury. Have run into this a lot before. Luckily the best case scenario if something goes wrong is that the prisoner simply runs away.
The problem is that Police etc dont actually make the law Judges do and going against there wishes is a sure fire way of getting up on a contempt of court charge.
Incidentally have run into doctors who insist on prisoners not being handcuffed even for minor matters. I have actually had on one occasion refused a doctor this wish as the guy we where escorting was considered to be that high a risk.
Still the one fundamental mistake this officer made when taking Brian Nichols into court was she did it on her own. If he is a risk then get help it really is that simple. The court can wait and Im sure it would have understood the reason.
Mission Status:Active, Status:Nominal, Power:98%, Location 3.7km NNE of VonBraun Base
Moving across the desolation that is Mars, though now liberally sprinkled with the Greens and Browns the Avenger traveled. It had been sent out to target a Mortar bunker that had been attacking the base at VonBraun one of the attacks that seemed to start when the Diamond lasers had downed a missile that had been launched at VonBraun.
The Avenger now crept under its Chameleon Paint after the Incident with what appeared to be Mutant Rabbits with Steel teeth, They where now carcasses to be returned to the labs at VonBraun and as such where stored in a compartment of the Avenger.
Across a rile came two black armed robots and the Avenger entered combat mode and powered its weapons.
Target:Two Armed Automatic Combatants, Detection Possibility: 23%, Threat Matrix:14.1%, Mission Authorisation:Terminate
Before the Robots could even see the point of fire the Avenger activated its Railgun and both Robots where instantly incapacitated. The Avenger then loped in its speedy run away from the incident. Keeping down low in the rilles and never breaking the skyline the Avenger quickly made good ground. Uploading from memory of a Raptor 2 overflight it decided which way to travel. Crossing a boulder field the Avenger discovered an encampment of humans.
Target:14 Armed combatants, Detection possibility:3%, Threat Matrix:2.1%, Mission Authorisation:Evasion
Engaging Stealth mode the Avenger passed the Humans who seemed to be more engrossed in cleaning there primitive shotguns and silver cutlery. They never knew how close to fate they had come but the Avenger was designed to reduce "collateral" damage as much as possible. It closed with the target when it encountered an active sensor net.
Mission Priority:Engage,
The Avenger went to maximum speed and with the fire coming from strong points all across the front that the BioRobot had to cross it engaged its Jump Jets surprising the Yu Knights whose base this was. Activating its weapons the Avenger Used the Diamond laser set in its right fore finger to target individual Yu Knights and the Rail gun to take out the Hard points. Getting close to the Bunker the Avenger launched 2 Smart missiles to destroy the Target. With mission accomplished the Avenger turned to evasion mode leaving one more bunker on Mars.
It carried on away from VonBraun to confuse the enemy Yu Knights and traveled for 12 hours until the evasion programme was assured of success. On the Horizon a well repaired structure appeared. Activating telescopic mode the Avenger noted writing above the airlock enterance...The TempleBar, closer to the structure the Cyborg approached and through inbuilt vibration and motion detectors the Avenger noted and filed that there where many raised voices and loud music. A quick link in to the structures computer allowed the Avenger to enter the Airlock.
As the Air cycled, The Bar, conversation stilled, as the patrons, shocked at the appearance of the Avenger stepped back.
Target:32 Assorted Humans, Power:41%, Activating Speech Mode
You will not believe the Day I have been having, Do you have Beer and I dont suppose salted peanuts?
Take it from me, Training ensures we dont. But, If you are stuck with a person for a long time this can waver and in fact fall and this may not be a bad thing. But if the lassie did not know the prisoner He should have been handcuffed or under some form of restraint.
And Guns are not allways the answer they are threatening things that simply inspire the other side to employ them as well. This does not mean they are not needed just not carried all the time.
Personal experience this is
What happens is people get sloppy or are too lazy to pass on information like this which is critical. But what also has to be mentioned is that a prisoner in a cell has a lot of time to think about places to hide things or to make something and a guard may only have a few minutes at best to check that person.
I can honestly say that I have found things hidden that would very much surprise the general public. Frankly it is mostly drugs they try to hide but sometimes weapons or the new favourite Mobile phones. I could give examples galore.
System Active, Power:100%, Weapons:Online, System:Updating, Mission Parameters:Updating
In the foreground, in a cavern hanger partially dug out of Marian regolith and with a frame of steel, stands Colonel Barkley and Dr Gryphon. From a control panel Chief Meadows comes to join the group.
Activating External Recievers
Well there it is the most, the most effective weapon system to ever appear on Mars, the Avenger Smiles a rather content Dr Gryphon. I hope we know what we are doing, this thing frankly concerns meNoted Chief Meadows. We really dont have a choice, I only hope it does all it is billed as being capable of. Says Colonel Barkley with a frown. Oh, dont worry about that this is the best BioRob we are capable of making. It is fast, incredibly Armed and armoured. The Avengers power system uses any carbohydrate that it can consume and that is able to power both its Biological and robot side. It frankly outmatches anything this side of Earth. Beams a content Dr Gryphon. To this Chief Meadows stares and says in general Still did we really have to paint have a Nice Day under a big yellow smily face on its chest
The Dot got larger and larger until with a blast of VTOL Jets the Raptor UAV slowed to hover over the newly rebuilt Von Braun base. Some joker probably Meadows a die hard trek fan had painted the underside of the unarmed UAV with a bird of prey. As it landed, Damage could be seen to the wings and frame of the Biobot Raptor.
Science Chiefs Notes, 17th April, 2103.
Colonel Barkley believes we have landed in a Hornets nest and frankly I can only but agree. With Meadows basically working day and night we have managed to get the base up and running. And we have dug in for any siege we may get ourselves into. We are being watched but by whom we dont know. Two of our survey robots went up the valley and where destroyed by a sniper, so we know they are hostile. We have turned the Raptors which where atmospheric research into our eyes and ears and they tell us that there appear to be large armies moving around. We are safe here with the Diamond lasers able to destroy instantly anything that comes over the Horizon, but we are failing in our mission of research into Mars as long as we are stuck here.
To give ourselves a chance it has been decided by the scientific community at Colonels Barkleys request to develop a new set of Bio Robots to give us a chance, amazing what fear does to peoples principles. Bio Robots take the advantages that robots have and add the advantages that biology has, Real Frankenstien monsters as Dr Fields calls them. Still we have taken to arm the Raptors and develop more effective fighting Cyber units.
Dr Gryphon
And at Mad Grads invite, heres your new chief Scientist
Science Chief Notes 27th March, 2103
So we are here at last, Mars is a lot more terraformed than we thought could be possible. The Planetologists are absolutely ecstatic and are demanding we start the atmosphere probe program immediately. But they have accepted that getting ourselves set here first is the priority.
With that in mind we have had the technicians set up the two fusion power generators. No 1 went in easily enough but No 2 found the regolith to be thoroughly weakened by what appears to be a rabbit warren. Still we fused the ground under both with fastcrete. So now we have enough power to provide energy to the Nanofactory and the 3D printers. With these and the mining robots being online we will have the buildings and equipment we need to become a permanent prescence here all we have to do is dial it in.
Dr Gryphon
Science Chiefs Notes 28th March, 2103
Managed to get a Raptor UAV probe up and the planetologists have discovered that those fluffy clouds are actually some form of Narcotic and we wonder could it be there greenhouse effect that has made Mars as warm and wet as we have found it. The Psychologist team believe that it could be the effect of these clouds that has resulted in what appears to have been the complete break down of society on Mars. Still with the strange Robots that attacked us this indicates something is still alive here and they have a very advanced manufacturing base.
We also have deployed the Genetic Bank which holds DNA of most Earth animals and of course Humans. This is just in case anything ever happens to Earth a species rescue plan in fact. Still there are mumblings that maybe we should use it to increase our population base quickly but I am against it. Still it is good to have a back up plan.
Dr Gryphon
Email to Lt. Col. Tiffany Barkley.
From Dr Gryphon, Science Mission Chief
We are picking up what appears to be a radio signal to the NE. It is often broken due to the Clouds of dust and atmospheric conditions, but appears to be a commercial station of some sort.
Luckily we are finding that we can access stems cells reasonably easily just by having access to the birth cord after a child is born. But as much as people are creating clones of animals they have yet to officially create a human clone. (some strange religous groups claims to the side).
But with genetics we are at the beginning of the path and the possibilities are pretty endless. Still until someone creates a fully functional artificial womb there will be no hordes of clones being made. But it is not that far in the future before these are made. A Japanese scientist managed to have a deer raised from fetus to birth in such a machine though the deer did have real problems in development and later life.
But it is not just cloning that could concern us, as an example, What can be done is to sort and remove genetic defects from fertilised eggs, in fact we do this now. The morality becomes when we then use genetherapy to actually put in specific genes that interest us. Genes for strength, Intelligence, Blond hair, Blue eyes, get the idea.
Still the biggest explosions we have seen apart from the suns are the results of asteroid or comet impacts.
We can simply use those with less radioactive fallout afterwards.
Still a nuclear power plant would require constant vigilance and heavy equipment from Earth where as the power for solar can be created using lunar materials. And we can increase power capacity just by adding mirrors.
Still a nuclear power plant is a likely necessity for a first base as it will provide power until we can create a solar power system. And though we can send a "solar" power station from Earth it will be just to add to the power grid that a nuclear option could give us.
And GCN you have forgotten that in all likehood we will be going to the poles first as the high possibility of hydrogen type ice there combined with the peaks which are almost completely in sunlight provide a prime first base site. And the ESA smart probe could well provide the best site.
It depends on what we class as human and it is not only the religous types that have reservations about cloning and stem cell research and genetics in general. They are truly concerned about the evils that can be done with this technology.
I dont agree obviously but I can understand there concerns. All sciences are created for what is considered to be the betterment of Mankind. But there is always someone who will warp and use the science for there own personal gain and or to cause harm to people. And with Genetics there is a serious possibility of people playing god. We have seen in the science fiction world the possible results.
It is in peoples psyche the wish to be all powerful and with genetics you can create your own personal empire. Thankfully just not yet, but it is coming.
Which brings up another issue that needs attention. If we can adapt ourselves to different environments we can more successfully spread to other worlds, but in so doing we become multiple species. Perhaps before anything else we have to ask ourselves do we want to be one species of human on many worlds, or many species of human each with their own world?
What could be worse is that we have different species of Humans just on this planet with people who can afford it buying certain genetic improvements to there prodginy. Using science fiction as an example look at Gattica a film where you had to be "upgraded" just to get a job. It makes sense when an employer knows he can get an employee who will be ill a lot less and is of higher intelligence. What becomes a problem is if you can also input into the genome personality too.
We are very close to the former and have since the genetic code of humans was fully explored found certain gene compounds that give advantages to the host. An example is if you have seen how many africans have Aids, a tragedy being played out on National television and how quick it seems to spread amongst the popualtion. Apart from the improved education and information given to westerners why has it not done as much damage and spread as fast amongst western population bases. Well there is a genetic reason. It is that a good 10% of the western population are very very resistant to the HIV virus and in certain subgroups like scandinavians this increases to 20%+. There is a gene called CCR5-delta 32 a mutation that when the Black death scoured across the world killed of so many people that this gene increased in frquency in the population. It works by stopping HIV from entering an infected persons cells so killing the HIV strain off. African people do not have as much of this gene as they never had as much contact with the Black death.
We have also found a gene that seems to influence mood and understanding of others emotions. It is commen in sociopaths and is extremely commen in soldiers who make the best snipers and soldiers.
Still it really will come down to where we allow it to go. And that is something I believe we will see as we will allow people to create new and "improved" humans. And if a person can be created that has big advantages over another in an enviroment then it is likely that that specific "improved" human will become the most common and Mars is an example of such a place this could happen.
And if we go to one of the lunar poles we already know of areas which remain in permanent shadow and Hills which have a lot shorter lunar nights.
The darker craters would be perfect for storing LOX without needing too much of a permanent power supply and the light that falls on the peaks can be used for power and to be redirected to LOX etc production by mirrors.
Still if we dont want a permanent human prescence we can use Telerobotic assets to actually "man" and work the base especially as the LOX production method proposed here lends itself to automation and telerobotic mining.