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#52 Re: Single Stage To Orbit » SSTO » 2008-04-06 15:01:06

I quite like this TSTO architecture with in-flight LOX collection ...

http://www.andrews-space.com/content-ma … ction=MTA5

Here is a paper comparing it with competing TSTO designs ...

http://www.andrews-space.com/images/vid … 00307).pdf

... the main advantage is that the "first stage" doesn't go supersonic, so it can be a fairly ordinary jet aircraft.

(If anyone asks, I'll move this to a TSTO thread).

#53 Re: Life support systems » Lets brainstorm on suit design - We will need suits after all » 2008-04-02 16:19:09

In that ballpark.  Lower if you can put together a workable "spot heating on demand" system - I saw one proposal powered by alpha-emitting RTGs at negligible extra mass.

#54 Re: Life support systems » Lets brainstorm on suit design - We will need suits after all » 2008-04-02 09:57:58

There are some studies out there for passively cooled suits.  The main problem is that the hands and feet can cool very quickly if you stop moving or walk into a shadow or if the wind speed picks up, etc.

#55 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Areoforming » 2008-04-01 15:56:20

They use bioforming in Star Trek - but in the literature bioforming can mean terraforming through biological means.

I like genoforming, although phenoforming may be closer to what you want - the genotype is the gene pattern, the phenotype is genetic expression in a particular environment.

I'll add seraforming - the making of seraphim.

#56 Re: Intelligent Alien Life » Phoenix landing site images » 2008-03-30 17:03:00

Hi Zydar,

If you are sincere, then be aware that you are suffering from a delusion.  Unfortunately, it is a boring delusion.  Please progress to something more entertaining.

If you are some sort of scammer, be aware that I will gleefully assist law enforcement authorities in prosecuting any fraud you commit.  I advise you to find some other community to infest.

Sincerely,

noosfractal.

#58 Re: Intelligent Alien Life » Phoenix landing site images » 2008-03-30 14:33:54

Um, Zydar, I can't tell if you are serious or not, but just in case ... as Rxke already mentioned, using an optical magnifier over a computer screen won't get you better resolution - it will just magnify the pixels.  Here is a magnification of an older LCD screen ...

pointerdetail.jpg

I believe that modern practice is to arrange the pixels using an hexagonal tiling.  Using an optical magnifier will let you seen polygonal patterns - but they are an artifact of the pixelation.

#59 Re: Planetary transportation » Running on Compressed Air? » 2008-03-30 14:09:12

the rovers require a minimum of 100w to keep from freezing in that regards.

Note that the batteries aren't the only thing that needs warming - so there will probably be some such expenditure regardless.  Particularly if your system needs to keep people warm. 

Also, the rover engineers went to great lengths to avoid lubricants ('cause practical lubricants need heating above cryogenic temperatures), but can a larger transportation system really be built around lubricantless vehicles - even if they are powered by compressed gas?  It seems like you're going to have to plan to keep a significant part of the vehicle "warm" (e.g., above -40 C).  I think zhar should add aerogel to hir early industry diagram.

There is also an upper limit to the cell packs temperature as well in that they will and could short out, burn as well as explode from internal heat damage to excessive load currents.

There are also special storage and charging conditions as well that must be adhered to as well.

Every energy storage system has limits and limitations.  It seems to me that for every "Li-ion batteries as dynamite only less stable" argument you can make, I can make a "compressed gas cylinders as fragmentation grenade only larger" counter.

#60 Re: Planetary transportation » Running on Compressed Air? » 2008-03-30 00:00:00

I am sure this is posted somewhere else.  But since you say Lithium Ion batteries are more efficient then compressed air--would LI Batts work on Mars?  I have read other debates that it is too cold for them.

It was more for comparison than a recommendation to use Li-ion.  Conventional Li-ion doesn't have a particularly great specific energy figure either.  ( Now those Stanford nanowire batteries on the other hand ... )

You're right in that even Li-ion batteries designed for low temperatures stop working around -40 C, but if you choose to use Li-ion as energy storage for vehicles, I don't think that your main engineering challenge is going to be keeping the batteries warm - especially if the vehicle has a pressurized cabin.  For example, the Mars Rovers use Li-ion for energy storage.

#61 Re: Planetary transportation » Running on Compressed Air? » 2008-03-28 19:29:57

One thing about compressed air: I've read it's probably one of the most efficient ways of storing energy - I think we are talking upper 90s as % efficiency.

While this is true for large electric power plants using abandoned salt mines to store energy with compressed air, using compressed air to store energy for vehicles (at say 300 atmospheres) is about 1/3rd as efficient as using Lithium Ion batteries (from a "generator to wheel" point of view).  Air compressors are not terribly efficient.

#62 Re: Terraformation » New ideas for terraforming mars » 2008-03-28 14:50:05

Like a counter revolution or a something moving the opposite way of earths orbit

Well the spin of a planet is independent of its orbit around the Sun - so trying to change the spin won't do anything.

On the other hand, if something has the same orbit as Earth, but is moving the opposite way ... then it will hit the Earth!  That could change Earth's orbit - probably not very much though unless the thing was as big as the Moon.

#63 Re: Terraformation » Changing the elements of the Martian atmosphere » 2008-03-28 14:40:37

I read somewhere that it is profitable if oil stays over $US 75 per barrel.

#64 Re: Terraformation » New ideas for terraforming mars » 2008-03-28 12:46:18

Is it possible to change the orbit of a planet by creating a anti revolution within its atmosphere or orbit?

Could you explain what you mean by an anti-revolution?

#65 Re: Terraformation » A couple of questions about mars » 2008-03-28 12:42:34

Is there a ozone layer on mars?

There is, but it is very thin - about 1% of Earth's and sometimes disappearing altogether.

What caused the hole in our ozone layer?

To vastly oversimplify: the release of freon gases (used in refrigeration) into the atmosphere.

You can read more about it here ...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion

#66 Re: Terraformation » Changing the elements of the Martian atmosphere » 2008-03-28 12:23:10

Maybe with something like this ...

Sunlight to Petrol
http://www.wired.com/science/discoverie … 008/01/S2P

... but the big advantage of plants is that they are self-replicating.  Hard to beat in the end.

#67 Re: Terraformation » Hints for atmospheric retention... » 2008-03-27 11:47:02

Has anyone seen any discussion of whether Bolonkin's plasma cords would actually stay stable?

#68 Re: Terraformation » Does it really matters? » 2008-03-26 11:35:19

Welcome to New Mars Mesmer!  I very much agree with what you've written.

By the way, the full quote is

"The Earth is the cradle of humanity, but humankind cannot stay in the cradle forever."

by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky

#70 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Tips for young scientists » 2008-03-25 14:42:19

Like others said the last time you asked ...

http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=5701

... take as much Math as you can.  I'll add Physics as well (so you can see how to apply math to real world problems).  Take AP courses if they are offered.  Take SAT prep courses.  Get a high a score as you can.  Get into the best college you can.  Don't rule out out-of-state colleges.  Apply for scholarships.  Compete in your local science fair.  Invent something.

#71 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » U-238 Nuclear Reactor » 2008-03-24 17:21:46

Basically, this idea is to use common U-238 as a reactor.  I don't think it will start fission by itself, but a neutron source could start it.  What do you think?

Almost by definition this couldn't be a source of energy - you'd need a real nuclear reactor to power the neutron source.

But as Antius mentioned, breeder-type fuel cycles are very interesting.  In fact, they are essential unless you want to be hearing about "peak Uranium" in 50 years time.  Make sure you check out the Thorium breeder fuel cycle.  Probably the future of fission.

#72 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Fusion » 2008-03-24 17:15:16

MIT tests unique approach to fusion power
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/ldx-tt0319.html

...Levitated Dipole Experiment...consists of a supercooled, superconducting magnet about the size and shape of a large truck tire. When the reactor is in operation, this half-ton magnet is levitated inside a huge vacuum chamber, using another powerful magnet above the chamber to hold it aloft.

The advantage of the levitating system is that it requires no internal supporting structure, which would interfere with the magnetic field lines surrounding the donut-shaped magnet, explains Jay Kesner of MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center, joint director of LDX with Michael Mauel of Columbia. That allows the hot, dense electrically charged gas, or plasma, inside the reactor to flow along those magnetic field lines without bumping into any obstacles that would disrupt it (and the fusion process)...

...Unlike the Tokamak design, in which the magnetic field must be narrowed to squeeze the hot plasma to greater density, in a dipole field the plasma naturally gets condensed, Kesner explains. Vibrations actually increase the density, whereas in a Tokamak any turbulence tends to spread out the hot plasma...

#73 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Fusion » 2008-03-24 17:11:45

What ae the curent problems with Fusion? It can't be confinement. Can it?

It's _efficient_ confinement.  Right now we use more energy to confine the plasma than can be practically generated from the heat released.

Why does it need to be confined?

Fusion only occurs when you overcome proton-proton electroforce repulsion and the attractive nuclear force takes over.  To overcome p-p repulsion on Earth you need really high temperatures (stars do it using gravity).  The smaller the plasma volume the better because it takes a lot of energy to heat a volume of, well, anything that much.

#74 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Thermal rockets » 2008-03-13 15:28:10

If anyone says exhaust velocity/9.8, I'll... do something.

Actually, it is exhaust velocity/g

So what you really want to know is how to calculate exhaust velocity ...

http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/project … pulse.html

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