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the requirement of faith
I believe this is Catholic Christian doctrine. I'm not sure about the other major religions. Most likely depends upon the denomination.
Rational Agnosticism? = uncertainty, but its okay to make assumptions.
I think you'll agree that most people make working assumptions so that they are not paralyzed by incomplete information. So I imagine we're talking about assumptions for which there is no evidence (life after death, which is the one true religion, etc). What rational basis will Bloxham agnostics use to decide among such assumptions? Differences in such assumptions seem to be the cause of much pointless conflict between otherwise reasonable people.
Rational Agnosticism.
Fundamentally, it differs from agnosticism by allowing the appropriation of faith based on the need for assumption.
For example, traditional agnosticism (from what I know about it) says that one can never be 100% certain, and therefore one should abstain from making decisions based on uncertainty. Although this is true, one must accept the instinct, and indeed the need, to make assumptions (at least in order to maintain sanity).
I'm trying to parse this. You don't like traditional agnosticism because it doesn't allow for 100% certainty. Because some people, let's call them dichotomous thinkers, need 100% certainty or else they will go (even more) insane. 100% certainty is, of course, impossible for mere mortals without faith (i.e., magic), so you further allow them magical thinking.
How does this improve on fundamentalism again?
If you don't allow the magical jump to certainty, then at some point, your agnostics are going to have to face the paradox of multiple religions each claiming to be the one true faith. From there, it is pretty steep slope to, at best, some variety of pantheism and a Greenpeace membership.
The truth is I don't know much about what I'm talking about (thats the agnostic part). But I trust that I can make something of it (the rational/faith part). Perhaps you can help me a little?
Sounds like Zen Buddhism.
A direct transmission outside of scriptures, apart from tradition
Without dependence upon words or letters.
A direct pointing to mind.
Seeing into one’s nature and awakening.
Researchers Use Wikipedia To Make Computers Smarter
http://www.physorg.com/news87276588.html
It has always intrigued me that human beings are midway in size, magnitude-wise, between the Universe and the so-called particles that compose it. Could it be that conscience, self-aware intelligence needs to fall within this size region in order to function?
There's a theory that says intelligence is inevitable once you have sufficient complexity to allow evolution. You haven't really left much room outside of the region you defined (whole universe to constituent particles), but I imagine that the vibrating multidimensional membranes of M-theory are complex enough to support evolution.
First I want to express relationships between data. Like for instance a cat is an animal or a cat is a noun. Once a bunch of relationships are built into the database I want to see if I can ask it questions and get back intelligent answers.
You might be interested in Douglas "Intelligence is 10 million rules" Lenat's Cyc project.
I was thinking about adjectives like big. When we say something is big is it inherently big or big with respect to some set. Like if I say a big cat, do I mean a lion or a cat that is bigger then the average house cat? Is this ambiguity a strength or a weakness in languages? What challenge do such ambiguities present for computers dealing with languages. What kind of solutions do people foresee?
Minsky talks a bit about this in _Society of Mind_
http://www.amazon.com/Society-Mind-Marv … 0671657135
He blackboxes the decision with a _More_ agent (i.e., decides "is greater than") that is located in a network of agents (the whole network of agents is the society of mind, agents can be complex or single-neuron simple). There might be just one _More_ agent but there are probably many of them - maybe no single agent can compare apples and oranges, maybe it can. The comparison agent _More_ may be different from, but linked to, the language agent _More_ (observe each of listening, speaking, reading and writing seem to eventually connect to the same language agent). Each individual mind may structure the network differently.
The actual decision more/less, big/normal, etc can, by all accounts, be well modeled with Bayesian networks with such agents as nodes. Bayesian -> probabilistic decision making ~ ambiguity, "fuzzy logic."
Some people say that this is why a computer will never truly understand human language - because it is not embodied in a human body. What is "big" on a human scale maybe insignificantly small on some scales and inconceivably large on others. And it gets even weirder when you move on to concepts more abstract than big and those intimately tied to human emotion (insert _Blade Runner_ quote). To buy this you probably need to privilege human consciousness as Searle does in his famous Chinese Room thought experiment ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room
Automatic language translation is where the state of the art is for this stuff. So you can see we've still got a ways to go. To get useful machine translation, it looks like you need to model the human experience pretty deeply. It may be that there will emerge an intermediate language between computer programming languages and natural languages that will be less ambiguous/human-centric. Lots of people are working in that direction.
Considering the degree of yearly variation in ice cover, it seems they are claiming that the minimum antarctic ice cover is remaining roughly constant while the arctic ice cover is clearly decreasing. Interesting. And no, you don't see that in the popular press.
From the last line on that page ...
Arctic: decrease of 3% per decade (200,000 km2)
Antarctic: increase of 0.8% per decade (100,000 km2)
They label the Arctic figure "significant" and the Antarctic figure "insignificant" but the Antarctic figure is fully 50% of the Arctic in terms of surface area. That must have taken some pretty careful choice of statistical confidence levels to exclude the Antarctic figure.
Why dismiss the Antarctic increase as "roughly constant"?
To be fair, the Antarctic increase is consistent with global warming. Global warming means more water vapor in the atmosphere, which means more precipitation, in particular more snow over the Antarctic, so more ice. For some reason most people seem to miss the fact that a few degrees warming at the poles still leaves them _way_ below the freezing point of water.
In fact, not a few scenarios have the Antarctic making a _negative_ contribution to sea level because it takes thousands of years for snow that falls at the center of the continent to make its way to the edge. (I have never seen this discussed in anything remotely approaching the popular press, but check out _Mass Balance of the Cryosphere_, Cambridge University Press, if you are interested). Most of the projected sea level rise comes from thermal expansion of the ocean rather than ice melt, but our models of thermal transport in the ocean (whether just the surface warms or whether the depths warm too and how much) are so poor that IPCC estimates of sea level change have the now familiar order-of-magnitude uncertainty: 4-40 inches per century.
Another major problem facing krill is that they are crustaceans so if water has increased CO2 absorbed in it as warmer water does they struggle to form there exoskeletons.
I assume you're referring to the 2005 Royal Society report ...
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/document.asp?id=3249
which sums up a great deal of research in this area. Let's have a look at the conclusions of the "Biological impacts" section ...
It is expected that calcifying organisms will find it more difficult to produce and maintain their shells and hard structures. However, the lack of a clear understanding of the mechanisms of calcification and its metabolic or structural function means that it is difficult, at present, to reliably predict the full consequences of CO2-induced ocean acidification on the physiological and ecological fitness of calcifying organisms.
Translation: We don't know.
Gross oversimplication, yes but true none the less and it will drastically reduce the seas carrying capacity and our capacity to get fish from the sea.
Perhaps I'll take a leaf out of C M Edwards book here and ask you what scientific article(s) convinced you this is true?
Wikipedia (since you mentioned it) says that krill biomass is between "13 million and several billion tonnes." Check out that statement for a moment. Krill biomass might be 13 million, 130 million or 1.3 billion tonnes. The only thing this statement communicates is that our knowledge of krill biomass is close to zero. If we don't know the level of krill biomass, how can we possibly model its response to global warming, or even know whether it is increasing or decreasing in general?
Krill do not just live at the south pole
My apologies, merely the overwhelming majority live at the south pole.
as these conditions change they struggle
or, in fact, adapt
Krill are one of the lowest and common foods on the food chain.
Agreed!
Cold seas are the most productive seas and as the seas warm they become less productive.
This is, at best, a gross oversimplification, but I think in fact that it is false in general, because I recall recentish articles blaming a particular krill decline on colder water from increased polar melt. There are 80+ known (so probably 800+ total) species of krill, each with its likes and dislikes. Modeling the populations of even the most common types is in its infancy. Mostly, krill populations are limited by food supply - so to model accurately, you would have to model ice-algae and phytoplankton populations, but modeling of these populations is also in its infancy, etc, etc.
I understand hyping for grant proposals, press releases, etc. This is fascinating and important science. I feel privileged to watch it happening. But we are no where near modeling responses to climate change in this area.
Antarctic sea ice extent is increasing (hmm, don't see that fact often in the press, do you?).
No, I don't. In fact, you're the very first person I've seen claiming that.
No, well, they don't want to confuse the public with facts.
Do you have a source you can recommend for this information?
Perhaps the The National Snow and Ice Data Center?
http://nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/difference.html
Even better, plot it yourself ...
Actually, increased warming, so increased stratification in some areas, so a reduction in nutrient transport efficiency in those areas, so decrease of a particular type of plankton in those areas, so ... may be other plankton that are usually crowded out increase, may be some creature that feeds exclusively on the decreasing plankton also decreases, but may be it just switches to some other type of plankton instead, etc, etc.
Krill live at the south pole, Antarctic sea ice extent is increasing (hmm, don't see that fact often in the press, do you?).
Population modeling is an order of magnitude harder than climate modeling - which is exactly why environmental alarmists are moving on to that area, because we are finally learning enough in the climate field to quash alarmism there.
Lose the poles? They respond to temperature signals on _millennial_ timescales. It really worries me that people with scientific training, who would be ruthlessly skeptical in other areas, swallow whole whatever the news service headline writer throws up if it relates to climate.
Our fictional Mars needs a standard of currency. Like you said, Iron ore is everywhere, so it’s too common to be valued. Limestone is valuable, but only as a consumable. So it wouldn’t make a very good coined currency. I guess I’m just emphasizing a portion of my original question. Could ores such as gold, silver, and/or copper be mined on mars? If so, would they be rare enough to be valued, yet still common enough to be circulated as money?
My understanding is that the composition of Mars' crust is similar to the Earth's on average. So, for example, gold would be just as rare. The only strange thing would be if it were much less accessible or much more accessible. The latter might be more likely because of the deep furrows in the surface of Mars, as well as the lower gravity (easier to bring stuff up).
A couple of ideas about what might be used as currency - fluorine in some form (valuable because you need a lot of it to make fluorocarbons for terraforming), radioactive batteries / power chips (well shielded of course, energy = life), high-tech computer chips (maybe photonic by then - cheap on Earth, one of the few things worth shipping to Mars), blocks of nanotech utility fog (I know, getting a little outre) or universal replicator feedstock (might be high purity or specially formulated like advanced ink jet inks). Or you might just want to use credit cards like CME suggested
I don't get why the phytoplankton can't just move north if it likes the cold
My understanding is that phytoplankton is already everywhere, but in the far North/South it's productivity is limited by available light levels, whereas in the tropics there is plenty of light, so the limiting factor is upwelling nutrients. Apparently the problem with the warming is that it enhances temperature stratification of the ocean's upper layers making nutrient transport from the depths less efficient.
I read the Nature paper, and the authors fall over themselves to say how tentative their results are. They basically used a hi-res satellite camera to monitor color changes in the oceans and the assumption that the more green it was, the more plankton there was. Seems reasonable, but apparently there are all sorts of complications, and the plankton that produce a good signal in the visible light spectrum aren't the most important ones. The authors are now lobbying for a specially designed instrument that is most sensitive in the ultra-violet.
The strongest statement the paper makes is that changes in plankton populations may effect marine biodiversity.
DriveCleaner spammer, same message as the phisher above ...
serj, you will get a much better hearing here if you at least pretend that there are no Martians above single-celled life. Just letting you know.
Cheers Melvin
Just "sandbag" I think ...
Probably a phisher ...
What to create in those floating factories is the question though?
They should collect tritium or create antimatter. Energy is always in short supply.
Russia, China plan joint space projects
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15636482/
MOSCOW - Russia plans to cooperate with China in robotic missions to the moon and Mars and other space projects, officials said Thursday.
"We have switched from cooperating on technological elements and devices to developing big scientific projects in space research," Yuri Nosenko, a deputy head of Russia's Federal Space Agency, told reporters in a televised hookup from Beijing, where he and other officials were attending a Russian national exhibition.
...
It's had a good run, it would be sad to lose the MOC Public Target Request Program though. It's really quite unique, although I believe there is a similar program in the works for the MRO.
No need to terraform Venus, it is already perfect at 50 kms above the surface ...
Venus Terraforamation - Can we colonize the death furnace?
http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=432
If the Democrats win again in 2008, everything that Bush ever touched will be dismantled. The next two years will consist solely of the Democrats saying "it is worse than we ever believed possible, it is imperative that the American people give us the presidency as well in order to correct the situation." While gridlock will likely prevent additional measures, I'm sure you'll have plenty of cause for grievance in the meanwhile, if only due to unthinking bureaucracy.
Today, in the year 2006, the industrial diamond industry is an annual US$1 billion market, producing some 3 billion carats, or 600 metric tons, of synthetic diamond. This should be put in comparison with the 130 million carats (26 metric tons) mined annually for gem purposes.
http://experts.about.com/e/s/sy/synthetic_diamond.htm
$1 billion for 600 tons. I don't think that is going to support a Venusian production facility, even if you can make it rain diamonds there.