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I think 'nuke' has too many bad connotations attached to it. I prefer the term fusion demolition device.
In any event, I think that a great way to start terraforming would be to drill into the large permafrost beds and ice caps and plant a series of large fusion explosive devices with diminished (or no) fallout properties*. Detonated in sequence huge amounts of C02 and water vapor could be instantly volatized and melted pumping tons of heat into the system and jump starting a hydrosphere. Then a series of carbonis chordate asteroids could be redirect towards mars adding to the volatiles inventory. Large orbital mirrors would also be effective in adding heat. I think with a comprehensive industrial strategy I am convinced that we could have a thick and warm atmosphere on Mars within 60 or 70 years, although it would likely take another 100 thought the introduction of plants to render it breathable, that is if we can introduce enough nitrogen and argon from both local sources and asteroids.
* (It is a little known fact that the last generation of American warheads were designed with a very high fraction of the yield coming from fusion, with minimized fissile material input and neutron lenses designed in such a way that long half life products were minimized, also much research was done/is being done in the black world on building fusion weapons that use conventional hyper-explosives instead of a fission primary, this is desirable because they produce no fallout, and from a military stand point would not be limited by arms treaties since they wouldn't be ‘nukes’)
There has been a question that has been bugging me for quite a while. I've been working quite a bit this semester with ALS NSCORT on advanced regenerative life support and I'm beginning to get the impression that it is a bit of a Rube Goldberg. The goal, is obviously to minimize equivalent system mass (ESM) but all the systems I am aware of call for the central use of plants for gas exchange and regeneration as well as food. This looks good on the surface but assuming the NASA BVAD values of 30 square meters of plant growth per person for a crew of six that require almost 20 megawatts of power just for artificial lighting! Assuming that the current generation of LED lighting systems proves effective that number could be reduced by an order of magnitude but we are still talking about the lion’s share of energy produced from a ships reactor(s). What I have been wondering is would it be more efficient from an ESM standpoint to use the availability of power in space for advanced propulsion option to cut down on trip time thus decreasing the consumables requirement on the outbound and inbound leg. Once on the surface having fully closed loop life support is not so much an issue since you can extract carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and to a certain degree water. Also a variety of volatiles given proper planning could be extracted from the surface including water.
That being said I know that ALS will be need for longer missions and eventually for permanent installations and bases on mars, it’s just I’m not sure it makes sense on the inbound and outbound flight, and I think the focus should not be focused on achieving full systems closure, but rather a significant fraction of closure while taking advantage or the resources at hand. It seems overly complicated to me to land on the Martian surface, swimming in a veritable sea of Carbon Dioxide and being terribly concerned about carbon and oxygen recycling within the craft.
So what do you think is ALS or Advance Nuclear Electric propulsion the best use of nuclear power in space?
Does anyone have any idea what the size of the crew rated Prometheus reactor will be? I have been told they are aiming at 200-500 kilowatts am advised that is a very preliminary number.
As far as the 'decline' of America I find that a moot point. We finally have leaders that recognize the importance of the military, and especially R and D. Our economy is second to none and is the most robust and fastest growing in the western world. We continue to produce and develop science and technology because of our universities, national labs, and space program. We are not on the eve of the end of the American Hegeonomy; we are merely at its dawn.
Demographics is destiny. In a 200 year race, raising children is more important that raising space navies.
The next great space race will be over which society is best able to establish self-sustaining growing colonies off of the Earth.
I hope we westerners win that one since I am rather partial to Western Civilization. I have a hard time being sanguine, however.
I was referring to in terms of near term military applications, in an us vs. them mind set.
You do make a very interesting point however that I didn't think of, I don't think it will be necessarily valid in space (I'd guess Americans in space will be just as inclined to start families as Chinese in space) but it could come into play very seriously here on Earth, the western world has low and declining birthrates and in many parts of Europe are experience negative population growth. This would be true here except for immigration. We could be sowing the seeds of our own unmaking just by one or no children familes. Isn't one of the main tenets of evolution expand or die?
In any event I still believe that the US will take the lead in space development and colonization. If nothing else we should be motivated to beat the Chinese and others, and eventually to claim and defend territory for miners and settlers. Once we have cheap access to space I see the settlement of near space to happen very analogously to the American west (well sans the complication of an indigenous population)
Imported steaks and tenderloins(at least until large scale agriculter gets ramped up or some sort of meat cloning/vat growing system comes online), terran wines and liquours, anything made from wood, leather, fur.
Yeah but:
2010 : Launch Space Station
2020: Build Moon Base
2030: Launch pre-emptive Nuclear Strike on USAwill not win you more free trade agreements. Worse yet it will cause Americans to empty their pockets to build said base first.
Right conclusion, but from the wrong premise. :;): (Welcome aboard, btw.)
China isn't interested in ruling the planet or even going to war, but they are determined to rule Asia, see it as their historical destiny, and are willing to fight anyone via any method to effect that result. They have been candid about their intentions and their actions coincide with their statements.
If you study China for any length of time one thing becomes abundanty clear -- they ain't four flushers. Bluff isn't even in their vocabulary (well, I don't speak Chinese so I'm probably wrong literally, but you get the point.) If they say something or make a threat, take it at face value that they mean it.
If they mean to control orbit, I doubt they will bother with a space station -- the USSR tried that with Salyut and found the experiment impractical, though probably successful. Better just to put a base on the Moon and hold it against all comers.
China sees America as a powerful obstical, but also as a society that is in decline and has lost its will, its moral certainty, its ability to sacrifice -- and its backbone. If they can use that to avoid war and sell us more billions of dollars worth of plastic baubles, so much the better. If they must fight us, well, there are always more Chinese. A serious rival, being dealt with by -- a pack of illiterate frat boys. (A.K.A. our current leaders.)
Not that I have anything against frat boys: I was one myself -- but I'm cognisant of the fact that it was long ago. One would think a contender for congress or the presidency would have done the same. Ah well, I suppose we can all go out and celebrate "earth day".
EDIT: PurdueUSAFguy, speaking of China, what can you tell us about their new Lavi based fighter?
In reguard to their new fighter, well as far as any home grown (read as Russo Chinese hybrid) I am seriously unimpressed by what I have seen. Their flight control and combat management systems are laughable, using an archaic system they copied from Dassault. They have serious issues with their engines, both in their efficiency and in their metallurgy.
As far as Chinese space control.....
All I'm going to say is space warfare has been the number one priority for us since the late 90s, we're spending about 120 billion a year on it all said and done, and only a fraction of that is in the 'white' world. I agree that a war with the PRC is in the cards, but I think they highly overestimate the effectiveness of their 'warrior spirit'. Let's keep in mind the Japanese thought that one of their soldiers was the equal of five of ours.
As far as the 'decline' of America I find that a moot point. We finally have leaders that recognize the importance of the military, and especially R and D. Our economy is second to none and is the most robust and fastest growing in the western world. We continue to produce and develop science and technology because of our universities, national labs, and space program. We are not on the eve of the end of the American Hegeonomy; we are merely at its dawn.
As far as the 'illiterate frat boys' comment, look up Bush’s credentials; if you still think he is unintelligent you are simply kidding yourself.
Also, it looks like China is planning to have a permanent manned Moon base (possibly for mining He3) before working towards a manned Mars mission.
I seriously doubt the Chinese are making plans for helium-3 mining. We are just on the verge of getting consistent results from ALCOR class tokomaks using the tritium-deuterium which has a much lower ignition temperature then helium3-duterium fusion. Granted HE3/DH is preferable to D/T since it doesn't leave an extra neutron, but commercially viable tokomaks of any kind are still likely 10 years away in the US. The PRC which is essentially 50 years behind us on the technological playing field, I'll take them seriously when they get things like ubiquitous indoor plumbing and electricity.
After witnessing that last Soyuz launch, which went off without a hitch as usual, my slant on LEO activities right now, and into the foreseeable future (ten years, say) would be to add as many docking ports as can be to the ISS and launch Soyuz ships with "Astrocosmonauts," "Mission Specialists" and "Paying Passengers" enough to carry out work (as well as maintainence) as desired. That way, there'd always be enough "lifeboat" capacity to get 'em all back if worst comes to worse. I'd even adapt a Soyuz refueling means, for taking the Hubble refurbishment hardware up to its orbit, and then return it to the ISS. I'd develop the six-passenger Soyuz, and launcher for it, to enable the multi-TMA dockings to be reduced gradually and simultaneously increase the capacity of the Progress ships to handle the increased cargo and waste disposal quantities. The Chinese, with their fresh approach could be phased in or operate in parallel. The remaining Space Shuttle craft and infrastructure could then be superceded with "next generation" space transportation development, my grandchildren might use, because that ain't gonna happen in my lifetime. It'd work, and it's do-able right now. God, I'm sick of war priorities lousing up maybe the last chance for my (and your) generation to get into space . . . for (?) time. . . .
I think it's really an odd statement to say that the war or defense spending is the reason we "can't afford" an advanced space program or national lab projects like our own large scale tokomak. NASA gets about 0.7% of the federal budget, the national labs get about 0.67%. That's small change compared to the vast majority of worthless and pork barrle social programs that are in the budget (53% last time I looked) or the militaries budget of about 45%. (although one could argue that at least the USAF/Navy side of that house is driving towards the space goal as it was the military that developed the EELV and is working on some really advanced systems, both for launch and power. A 200 kilowatt fission reactor developed to power space based rail guns and lasers for the SDIO and later STRATCOM would come in pretty handy for H2M if it got declassifed. Of we won't know specifics of the systems for many year until they are declassified but they are out there.
Point being there is more then enough room in the budget for defense and space, and in many cases they go hand in hand. Space is the new ocean, and like the ocean going powers of the previous century whoever controls the ocean controls what goes on in the world. That's why space control, acess, and strike (SCAS) is the biggest priority now of USSTRATCOM and DARPA.
I'm not sure if the way to do it would be to have a 'Colinization Mission' persay.
I think the more logical way to do it would be to just start collecting the Habs from previous missions and linking them to start a small base and by the third or forth mission have crews start to stay over for one or two hab deliveries, say like a six year tour of duty at base. Over that time start to build up an industrial base of equipment so that once it is called for more permanent homes could be constructed, be it brick vaults or domes or possibly preasurized caves or lava tubes, maybe even a tented canyon or crater.
I said NASA. I think that the current administration has very little stomach for globalism, plus for valid reasons or not many of people view the pre-Columbia ISS delays on the Russians.
I agree with this stance, I think that our exploration of the next new world should be an American (the British can come too) affair. Ideally I would like to see private industry step up to the plate, but I don't think that is in the cards at this juncture. I also think a good motivator for a continuing program is if we dumped the space treaty so that the driving ethos of the Mars program would not be 'we came in peace for all mankind' but 'We claim this next new world for the United States'. I know I'm sure I will be flame for being a jingoist or what-have-you, but every new frontier has been conquer by national expansion because that's what offers incentive, resources, territory, prestige. Plus, the Chinese haven’t signed the space treaty, and in the long run I really, really don't want to see Mars under the banner of the PRC. (Or the UN for that matter)
I think a great starting place would be for the US to leave the OuterSpace treatey so that we can start to claim 'land' in space. Once you have national ownership as an incentive I would guess that would speed things up. Next I would start a multy layered tax incentive plan that profits made from any companys operating in space, or developing technology for space would be completely tax free. Finally once there were actually settlements on NEAs, the Moon, and Mars provide massive tax breaks to companys started on or headquarterd off world.
Just my idea.
I suspect the stress on the vehicle at maximum dynamic pressure (Max-Q) would be too great. Unless the extra SRB's can be staged; lit after the first two SRB's have been spent? Perhaps longer-burning 6,7 or 8 segment SRB's are the better route?
You make an excelent point. Not only would extra segments get around the Max-Q problem but I suspect it would be a much simpler and cheaper project then modifying the external tank and the associated fuel lines for the engine pod.
Hi, I was just reading about the different Shuttle C, Z, and Ares proposals for various derivations of the Moon Mars initive and I was wondering how complicated would it be to add two more mounting points to the external tank so that there was one mounted every 90 degrees. Also is there any major configuration problem if such a design were used to mount an engine pod directly under the tank. Assuming such a configuration was possible do you think that 200 tonnes to LEO is possible? Possibly 250 with the proposed new 5 segment boosters?
Thanx all in advance!