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http://mars.lyle.org/imagery/1N16663631 … ml]Whatsit?? Ant Lions on Mars?? Lest we slumber waiting for the coveted etched terrain, theres still boggling surprises in the dunes. This is truly new, something unexpected that I havent seen on Mars images yet.
In case your wondering if its really what you think it is, you can get a little better sense of the geometry by looking at http://mars.lyle.org/imagery/1N16663631 … G.html]the stereo anaglyph
You can see a 'degraded' one a few feet behind it... how come there are only two and they are so near each other? how fast did it get degraded. Are they:
- Sinkholes? (Like Anatolia karst cracks drying and cracking opening in the summer to take in a gulp of sand? in that case the funnel shoudl be much wider, this gap must be only a few inches deep to make this sharp a funnel)
-or maybe shifting sand covered a rock over the centuries and just recently it collapsed a pocket of air that had been buried alongside one of the notches or spared under a duracrust until that duracrust finally collpased and let the sand fall in forming hole.
- two small dense pieces of the EDL package pyro stage-release bolts? fell made craters and are buried at the base of the pits. we shoudl see em if we look, but why one more 'degraded' crater, or maybe its actually not that degraded after all...
- natural micrometeoroid craters in the sand.
- miniature explosion craters from buried Hoffman-esque CO2 nuggets, like snowballs from hell that melted as Oppy struts near.
Theyre so new (judging with a flawed expectation of how fast sand should blow around and degrade features such as this on Mars), that something would have to be actively making these holes. im guessing the age difference is about 3 months, but then again for that matter it could be three days, or three years... anyone? Sand didnt seem to pile up too much on the heatshield wreckage in the two seasons it sat there... but then this might be the 'windy' season?
But then look at the lower lip, does it seem to rise slightly above the surrounding dne surface as if it was piled due to impact crater or ant lion action rather than a sink hole? need a coser look.
Are there analogs to this on Earth that can serve as a plausible hypothesis? I sure hope they check out whats under there...
The speeed of craters filling up could mostly depend upon climate and erosion rates, which now were seeing through Mars Express might have been radically different just a few short millions of years ago. who knows, maybe the craters that formed when it was wet here filled up with the help of sea sediment in just a few decades and subsequent craters that formed in a drier time not predictably long after that never filled up and are preserved in that 'fresh' state like endurance and victoria. it could be these craters arent much newer than the others in the scheme of things Martian..
it gets to be ambiguous to even try to guess at all, when what probably matters most is the fluid history of the area. So it seems all bets are off... or on... if you chance to guess...
...http://www.spaceflightnow.com/mars/mera/050314dustdevil.html]Spirit caught *TWO* dust devils in action :band:
...
Two, not one. Yay!--Cindy
yeah, it could only be two dust devils around the same time, i was bewildered by the fact that the dust devil showed up at
http://mars.lyle.org/imagery/2N16374580 … l]13:40:00, then again at http://mars.lyle.org/imagery/2N16374588 … l]13:41:23, but not http://mars.lyle.org/imagery/2N16374585 … ml]between those times (13:40:49) nor http://mars.lyle.org/imagery/2N16374597 … html]after them (13:42:46).
If it were the same dust devil it would have to be moving at quite a clip to be in these two photos, but somehow alter its course ot go invisible to not be captured in the inter or after frames.
By comparing the separate images from the rover's different cameras, team members estimate that the dust devils moved about 500 meters (1,640 feet) in the 155 seconds between the navigation camera and hazard-avoidance camera frames; that equates to about 3 meters per second (7 miles per hour). The dust devils appear to be about 1,100 meters (almost three-quarters of a mile) from the rover.
So, two devils are in the details! what luck! not to mention Spirit actually getting run over!
now, was it one of these dust devils pictured that meandered its way up the columbia hills to say hello to Spirit? it looks like theres plenty of dust devils to go around, hopefully well see a monster like the ones seen from orbit soon.
...so why didnt Spirit get zapped by that dust devil? well, unless it did get zapped but it wasnt serious and we didnt hear much about it, it could be that maybe since theres no real humidity in the air or soil to facilitate such shorting, maybe even Spirit, even though it has aluminum wheels, is essentially electrically insulated, or maybe i just dont know what im talking about... can anyone striaghten this out?
Just read an interesting article that mentions a novel (to me at least) interpretation of all that termite-eaten petrified-wood-like corregated cubby-hole micro-encrusted pock-rock so prevalent at the Opportunity (and Spirit) sites. This had me mystified, and although it surely still does, i like this interpretation, it makes a lot of simple sense that i hadnt considered... to quote:
In imagining the texture of the rocks found by the Opportunity rover, the mission team has compared them to spongy sandstone. They are pockmarked, porous, dried and cracked. The voids and holes in these spongy rocks may have arisen from repeated cycles of evaporation to harden the surfaces followed by a washing away to dissolve the more soluble interior portions.
http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.ph … ...thold=0
yeah, so condensation from frost absorbs in and then evaporates back out, weakening it ever so slightly etching away at the powdery rock, slowly eating away widening voids over the eons leaving hard mineralization rinds on parts that dont erode as fast, hmmm very simple. now how come i didnt think of that?
Gosh, its been a while since ive checked these forums and, looking back through the threads, its nice to see such unwavering attention by all you enthusiasts in that neverending search to peel away at Mars' secrets. its been months since ive written anything to these forums (quality time will a software job take away, not that im not glad to finally be employed again though...) so thanks for keeping the light on!
Anybody know what's going on? There can't still be images from Sol 1 left on Opportunity to be downloaded can there?
Not a chance, just looking at the EDL images, they are still the same three version '1' images, i know that NASA likes to officially release things about a year later after 'full calibration has been done', but i'd assume if these 3 EDL photos were rereleased as 'final' versions they should sport a version change on their filenames.
So i'm thinking that this is just some sort of automated server barf-up maneuver. unless they are indeed 'new' images, from NASA's hold-'em-back-until-we-remove-the-martian-ruins-from-these-pictures holding bin of course!
I still think we should send a retread MER at every launch window, perhaps refitted with alternate instruments, that should keep the MSL mission within a moderate budget and allow a backup mission that can deliver real science shoudl anything owrong with MSL (just thnk of two 1.5 bil MSL going poof) MER is less than a third the cost, and think how reliable and durable a MER version 2.0 could be with the operational hindsight we have from the current mission. This is not to poo-poo MSL, its great but i dont want to have all eggs in one technological basket, and would like to see MER platform evolve into a cheap all-purpose system for widespread exporation.
I know MER is a very limited platform compared to MSL, but the bang for the buck and engineering improvements possible with doing it over again, it should be much cheaper and better since all the hard work is done and the bugs are worked out. Its about as cheap as you can get with a roving mission.
Cheap rovers are much needed since there is so much to explore and just one MSL will give us a isolated view, just remember the difference between Gusev and Meridiani. I think that in a general sense, exporation should go wider and shallower rather than narrower deeper. Make an exception for MSL and cross your fingers that the funky drop-it-off rocket pack works, among other things, but back it up with a proven MER as a sidekick just in case the complex wonder turns into a boondoggle. Nasa doesnt need another public relations fiasco and i think we have really just been so lucky with the MERs.
Spirit looks a bit dustier than Opp, based on all the pictures ive seen, especially Doug's.
Even if this were only an illusion due to exposure differences based on atmospheric effects causing the Spirit picures to be less contrasty and appear more washed out (and its understandable that its hard to get an 'objective' reference for contrast for these images anyway), then it will still beg the question of why:
Another consideration is that if Gusev has more atmospheric scattering to cause this effect in the first place, then it would be due to having more dust in the air, and since theres more dust in the air, then its also likely to be falling on the solar panels and building up at a greater rate. When you look at Meridiani soils, theres not much dust to be had, at least relative to all the red drifty dust everywhere in Spirits photos, so unless its blowing in from afar, and i tend to think most dust on the Rovers is of a somewhat local source, at least in recent terms (as its all blowing everywhere around the planet in the long term picture), that would explain why Meridiani with its desert pavement of Spherule berries is keeping the dust from lifting from under the surface, so only a little local-source dust is blowing around leading to a much lower concentration in the lower atmosphere at least (do we have good measurements of atmospheric averages in both places?). The pictures appear to demostraqte this pretty well.
Thats truly an amazing picture Doug, I think we get the picture, I can tell im not the only one who's been patiently going insane waiting to finally get to that heatshield! :bars2:
In case anyone mised it, (i did):
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … .jpg]Frost on Opportunity (!) 257th SOL.
For some reason theres appreciably more water vapor in the air at Meridiani than at Gusev, wonder why that is...
Wet-looking http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … jpg]clouds and still http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/ … 1.jpg]more clouds
Thanks to all for helping me get edgemucated!
Since im too lazy tonight to even try to google an answer or start a more appropriate theread for this, does anyone also have any numbers on thermal expansion effects on the oceans?
ok, time to revive this neglected thread. I just noticed http://mars.lyle.org/imagery/2P15459570 … JPG.html]a UFO imaged by Spirit. Okay, maybe thats a Unidentified Flotsam Object, as it seems a bit too dark to be actually be a martian bird or something flying on the wind, id assume if it were it would be a bit more washed out by the atmospheric effects, but then, maybe its a fly or a something very close to the camera lens, that would allow ti to be dark as seen. it also seems to be in prety good focus, which makes me thnk its at least a few feet away from the lens, i dont know what aperture the pan lenses have but id expect it to be a bit blurrier if it were actually a dust mote on the lens itself, and would also i assume be in more than one frame like the other small and blurry dust motes that are visible on this frame and repeated on many other Spirit Right Pancam #2 filter images. it doesnt show up in the Left pancam image taken at the same exact time. so its apparently must be within a several inches of the camera lens to be out of frame for the that shot. so it cant be too far, but it cant be too near, right?
This is the biggest peice of mystery flotsam ive yet seen, any theories?
Thanks for rescuing this thread with your illuminating entry Shaun,
I have always wondered about that 200 meters of water, not that i seriously doubt it as i have heard something like it quoted widely, but thats really a lot of water to spread around that doesnt seem to be locked up in the poles. From looking at a map one wonders how the relatively 'small' amount of ice could raise the oceans so greatly, especially given that much of the ice in the arctic is floating on water anyway and would have little net effect if it melted or not. thermal expansion couldnt do all that much could it? am i missing something? maybe i just dont have all the facts.
The methane (hydrate?) chlatrates, theres a compeling theory i heard a few years ago that attempts to explain the rapid climate change recorded in teh ice cores by this mechanism, there is so much of this stuff in the seafloor (there are places where chunks of it are now bubbling to the surface) that it can have a huge impact once the sea reaches a couple degrees warmer shifting currents and catastophicly releasing it en masse to the atmopshere and imbalancing climate feedback, as an out of control self-reinforcing problem it takes hudreds of thoudsands of years for natural processes to sequester enough of it (cant remember the process) for the climate to once again cool. the utterly sober article scared the bejesus out of me, as our manmade CO2 insertion would seem to force this tipping point much too soon.
As usual with martian geology, I'm making it all up as I go along! But does the idea that those circular features are sinkholes fit into your scenario better than craters, Atomoid?
If so, does it enable you to say anything more about what we're looking at here? (You obviously know more about geology than I do - which isn't much of a compliment, believe me! )
I hadn't even considered that idea, and thats what i love about these forums, i just throw out my partially-educated guess on what i see and wait for one of the several experts (or novice like you and I) in these threads to come along throw a devils-advocate wrench into the idea or straighten it out*.
Hellas basin, being by far the lowest point on Mars, must have seen its days as a deep inland sea for a signifficantly long period of time, im not sure what elevation these features are in relation to the average depoth of Hellas, but sinkholes explain the lack of adjacent "crater-like" features better than craters... hmmm...
*footnote:
Not that i have ever taken a college level geology course, its all just stuff i gathered over the last 10 years mostly from reading http://www.sciencenews.org/]Science News and http://www.sciam.com/]Scientific American usually while sitting on the toilet, the "seat of reason" (just what was the thinking guy in Rodan's sculpture sitting on anyway?), probably where most scientific breakthroughs are born, but i digress... (sorry if i offended anyone with such a poignant reference!). but seriously!
those meddling Earthlings, aka. the "teenagers of the galaxy", racing their remote control toys around, messing up pristine craters and such.
So i guess we should expect that global dust storm to crop up on mars before Opprtunity makes it to Victoria crater. Ddoes the dust pose any threat to communications?
It will be interesting to see how dusty it seems to get from the rovers-eye point of view... and how much more dust can we expect to see get deposited on the solar panels as a result? or maybe its not that bad from the ground so might we still be able to see the stars at night?
Weirdly beautiful. Would be curious as to an explanation of *how* such landscape forms.
--Cindy
http://www.msss.com/moc_gallery/r03_r09 … .html]That weird image, (thanks REB for finding it) is of some West Hellas Planitia rugged terrain.
To me, it smacks of water-transported sediments. It really looks a bit like exhumed remnants of the type of meandering and overlapping swirls you get in marshes and estuaries as small streams drop their sediment and keep building their banks higher until they spill over into lower ground starting a new swirl pattern to occlude older ones. Either that or built-up travertine pool rim deposits. If sedimentary, it looks like the white swirly parts might be composed of sediments much like the light colored material at Opportunity's site. I wonder if we might find it too riddled with blueberries.
One weird thing about it is that the areas below the swirly parts looks as if it overlain by darker material, which appears to be riddled with many sand-fileld craters. If they are craters, which they appear to be, then its kind of odd because the craters appear to be much more abundant in this small area that has sand atop it, whereas the swirly parts have very few craters with the very noticeable exception being that crater smack-dab in the middle of the stream near the right of the image, the stream apparently seems to push around the crater hole bulging around it on either side as if to compensate. go figure...
???
I tended to thik the aquifer was dead notion since the snowpack melt hytpothesis seemed to better explain the high point emergent point of the water source higher than the surrounding terrain, although http://images.spaceref.com/news/2004/20 … 7.gif]this photo surely suggests an aquifer. perhaps multiple types of liquid water origins exist on mars.
im guessing for the snowpack icemelt hypothesis to be true, then the burns cliff would probably have to be on the most out-of-sun part of the crater... is it?
however, a permafrost-based source of water would melt and seep out of crater walls and dry up and get dry-weathered and look much like it does today.
here are the http://www.lyle.org/mars/imagery/1N1539 … .html]best clouds yet. might the clouds ever reach precipitation conditions today on rare occasions?
check out the fine detailed microlayers on the http://www.lyle.org/mars/imagery/1P1537 … html]scrap of rock at lower right. somehow, it looks relatively fresh like it tumbled down the slope and came to rest perched atop the other rocks mere decades ago
Rivers of black sand relentlessly driven by the wind,
etching out the topography over the millions of years,
spilling and carving its way uphill http://www.marsunearthed.com/Anaglyphs/ … 151.htm]to the right in this picture.
Thankyou for http://images.spaceref.com/news/2004/20 … 52.gif]all of those excellent finds.
This one just cries out: "http://images.spaceref.com/news/2004/20 … if]aquifer".
But I think i'll make http://www.msss.com/moc_gallery/r03_r09 … 8.gif]this one my desktop.
...But, according to data gathered by Cassini, the particles that make up the cloud are too big to be methane. "I don't believe it," says Chris McKay, a planetary scientist with the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. "What else can they be? It would be like flying over Earth and saying the clouds are not water. --->*If those clouds are really not methane, then a lot of the things we think about Titan are wrong.*<---
This is just great! Titan is already contradicting accepted paradigms and ripping up the standard models, and we haven't even barely scratched the surface! looks like were in for another mind blowing year of space exploration. Good going Cassini, keep the data streaming in!
Thanks Reb for the statistics, its interesting to see an at-a-glance chart like that, i had forgotten that Ganymede was the solar system's largest moon, usurping Titan's namesake.
I sure hope Huygens has a good descent imager and will take lots of pictures (the MERs took only 3) so we can get a good sense of the differences between the dark/light areas on the way down.
(I'm >this close< to giving up on the preponderance of brains on Earth!). :;):
...except for the newmars threads, of course!
The 'tongues' at the bottom of the gullies i thought were water pool remnants, i still tend to think so, but i can see that it also looks like glacier tongues, or slide tongues, for instance, the areas below the slopes in the image below seem to be blobs of catastrophic erosion debris (an ice/rock/ash slurry?) underneath the soil and floating the overlying material down the slope with it like in
this picture of Mt. St. Helens, 2 frames taken 9/03 and 10/04.
a few striking resemblances to martian features eh?
Those dark streaks NASA dismisses as 'dust avalanches', which seems the simplest of the possible explanations. the high contrast of the dark streaks to the light soils is apparently due to the revealing of non sun-bleached soil by the avalanche and underexposed due to the contrast balance needed to optimally image the surrounding terrain. the liquid theory is appealing, but if it were some type of liquid, id expect to see more erosion associated with the streaks, but they seem so smooth, many of the streaks end in a ragged fluted edge which is odd. i cant wait for some MRO pictures to shed some more light on this mystery as well as those isolated dark sand drifts like http://www.msss.com/moc_gallery/r10_r15 … 40.jpg]the ones in the middle of the picture with the splash crater and streaks.
the splash crater certainly argues that its wet below the surface, very wet. im definately not an astrophysist, but i wouldn't expect a comet to make such a big splash from its own water alone, i think the energy of the collision would mostly vaporize the water, whereas if one hit permafrost, the hot debris curtain might melt and disturb a comparatively large area of permafrost like we see. maybe the splash crater 'tongues' are remnants as the less-cemented soils around it got eroded away over the ages leaving them an embossed look, and not really debris curtain material sitting on top.
Its also possible that we may find ways to alter the normal aging cycle of the sun, by either attenuating nuclear processes or adding/removing material through directable wormholes, after all, by that time, who knows what kind of things well be able to do... no need to move Earth, just 'fix' the sun.
yes, i think well always think of Earth as 'the cradle', for all we know, advanced life may be extremely rare and planets like Earth may really be freak anomalies in the scheme of things. So I do think our descendents will strive to preserve it for 'all time', using whatever means possble. Also, in that huge amount of time, i dont know if plate techtonics is a truly 'circular' process of surface renewal, or if some sort of fundamental slow but inescapeable degradation occurs to the materials and the core structure of Earth, so we might have to 'fix' that problem too...
Yes, another brain! Remember this brain's http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/ … gif]bigger brother?
I find it most curious how brains are found only in the bottoms of craters... hmmm...
But is this brain dead? Certainly not! Having been stirred from its eternal slumber by Opportunity, it has now begun to evolve at a terrifying pace! Only God can save us now!
Well, you're not really too far off. even NASA does say this:
"Findings indicated the amount of frozen water in some relatively warm regions on Mars is too great to be in equilibrium with the atmosphere, suggesting that Mars may be going through a period of climate change. Features visible near small, young gullies in some Odyssey images may be slowly melting snowpacks left over from a martian ice age."http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/newsroom/pressreleases/20040825a.html]source
Now, its still an open question if the water ponding up below the gullies persists for very long at the surface or if very much sinks below the ground before it evaporates away. But if the water does pond up, it might last long enough to create features that, to me at least, resemble a http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/jun … .jpg]dried up pond with shoreline features at the bottom of the gully in this picture and are even more apparent in this http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/e7_ … especially striking image.
So is the water briny enough to stay wet without freezing or evaporating away before it can pond up signifficantly? Aquifers are likely to contain briney water from the start, but snowpacks, as the proposed source of the gully water, are likely to be fresh water and an melt would not persist long unless the water dissolved a lot of salts into it before it could evaporate or freeze. Perhaps the snow only melts in areas where it is in contact with the salty soils or dusts so that only a brine mixture is able to reach a liquid phase, and is never in such an evaporation-ready state.
Some gullies do seem wet today, for instance look at the closeup of the damp]http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/june2000/ab1/ab1_figure1_50.jpg]"damp seeps" in this image. They actually look damp, but then maybe not, it could just be rougher and therefore darker texture kept free of the lighter dust coating since its steeper and still eroding. But then check out the http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/jun … .html]dark "pool" below it. Almost looks like a lake of water with islands and a clear shoreline, but even if its just a pool of dry sand, this might be dark not because its just basalt sand, but because it is maybe brine remnants and, if there was http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/m … .html]life living in the gullies, perhaps stained dark by some sort of bacterial mat or something that grew there when it was wet and persists as an erosion-resistant hard-baked dark duracrust of altered organics cementing the soil.
I tend to think well eventually get proof of active seeps and damp soils at or near the surface in lots of areas on mars. Open water in pools is harder to justify, youd expect to see really clear inflow and shoreline effects associated with it, some of the images linked here argue that that this has occurred in the past, but nothing convincing ive yet seen for current water pools, just dark (and maybe damp) sand to me...
not to get too far offtrack but heres some http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/the … html]other great images of gullies:
some stringy]http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2003/04/27/2003.04.27.M1901170.jpg]'stringy' gullies and some interesting http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/200 … urrounding terrain
Is there no instrument orbiting Mars today which can tell us if we're looking at liquid water, or at least brine? I'm going crazy with curiosity here!!
:bars2:
I believe that Odyssey should have gotten a huge neutron count for any areas of liquid water on the surface if they existed. Although it only measures netrons dissociated from hydrogen by cosmic rays (at least i think thats how it works...) any water on the surface shoull show a big return with this instrument. The http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey … .jpg]false color map shows a lot of blue over the ice especially...
Although i guess it possible that these "lakes" would be too small to show up on such a global image, id suspect that any water, even if it is brine and doesnt freeze, should impart immediately apparent erosional affects on its immediate surroundings