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"Constitutional Republic" vs "Democracy" is playing with words, pandering to partisan politics. You should rise above that. Look what the US is supposed to be, and what it is becoming.

The US will not be a Constitutional Republic if Trump continues what he is doing now. It is becoming a fascist totalitarian dictatorship. If he can, there will be no more elections. Constitutional separation of powers has already been challenged. Courts have ordered Trump to stop deporting people nabbed by ICE. Courts have ordered individuals who have landed immigrant status, legal residents, to be returned to the US. Trump and his team have refused. Blatant refusal to comply with court orders means the Constitution no longer exists. Trump claimed he has the ability to interpret law. The Constitution says the President does no such thing, the Courts do that. Trump claimed the ability to create tariffs by executive order. The Constitution says only Congress can do that. A ruling by the Appellate Court said all of his tariffs are illegal. They gave him time to appeal to the Supreme Court, but if he doesn't do so within the deadline, Court ruling will repeal all tariffs. Now the question is whether Trump will order Border Services and the IRS to collect it anyway, even though it's illegal.

Your Constitution Republic is being dismantled quickly, as you watch.

Void: You don't understand what I said. This is the interglacial cycle. It happens every 100,000 years. There's roughly 80,000 years of ice age, followed by 20,000 years of interglacial. The interglacial is the warm period between ice ages. Then another ice age. The interglacial is not stable. There's roughly 13,000 years of global warming as the ice melts, then as soon as the peak temperature is achieved it reverses to become global cooling. So 7,000 years of global cooling. Then the next ice age begins. It doesn't start with a tall wall of ice moving across the land, it starts with snow. The snow from the last winter does not completely melt during the summer. When the first snow of the next winter arrives, some of the snow of the last winter is still there. The second summer, more snow survives to the next winter. It slowly accumulates until summer is just not warm enough to melt snow. At least at what we not consider "temperate" latitudes, the ground is covered with snow all year. Then the snow gets deeper every year. Eventually the snow get so deep that the weight of the snow crushes the snow at the bottom to become ice.

Based on ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, if we follow the pattern of the last 3 interglacial cycles, the peak temperature will be 5°C above the pre-industrial temperature. Previous ice cores resulted in 6°C ±1.25°. But a new ice core together with better methods of analyzing have refined that. They now say 5° ±fraction of a degree. That's not contradictory, just more precise.

Milankovitch cycles control ice ages. These cycles combine to create ice ages:

• orbital eccentricity: Earth's orbit changes from nearly circular to more elipitical, then back.

• obliquity: axial tilt increases and decreases.

• axial precession: which direction does the axis of rotation point? Currently it points to the North Star, Polaris. It rotates.

• apsidal precession: the elipse of Earth's orbit precesses around the Sun.

• orbital inclination: Earth's orbit is inclined vs the invariable plane

Void: if you click the link "The Discovery" in the article you linked, it takes you to a Facebook post. That says:

This isn't the oldest human ever, it's just the oldest human in Antarctica. A date of 1819-1825 is hardly controversial. So the indigenous people of Chile had boats before European explorers arrived. Duh! How do they think Polynesian people spread across the islands of the Pacific? How do they think Australian aborigines got there? There's an increasing body of evidence that people explored the planet long before the European age of exploration. Modern humans have been on this planet for 300,000 years. What do they think humans did all that time? No, civilization is not 5,000 years old, it's much older. That's just how old written record goes. Surviving written record.

There's evidence of wheat within walking distance of Göbekli Tepe that's 22,000 years ago. People who built Göbekli Tepe were not hunter-gatherers, they were farmers. Duh! The oldest evidence of wheat is in the Levant (Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine) that is 26,000 years old. When scientists started using satellites to find archaeology sites, they found roughly 200 stone buildings in the Sahara. Not all have been explored. They're different ages, different construction styles, and different purposes. Most are not tombs. One has a painting of a lake with trees and animals, including hippopotamus. As the planet warmed out of the last ice age, north Africa warmed from subarctic, to temperate, to tropical rain forest, to savanna, to desert. Sahara started small, then grew. One radar satellite is able to see beneath the sand of the Sahara, and sees groves in the bedrock from ancient river systems. They can see how far the Sahara expanded during the past several interglacial cycles, and it's larger than today. The planet hasn't finished warming out of the last ice age. Thousands of years ago when north Africa was a lush, people lived there. When it became desert, they had to leave. That was before invention of writing, so we have no written record of those people. Warming out of the last ice age began 20,000 years ago. In the 1960s/'70s/'80s/'90s scientists believed the ice age ended 11,000 years ago. Today they consider it to have ended 11,700 years ago. That's just another digit of precision.

So a skeleton in Antarctica that's only 200 years old? Sure. I would want a more authoritative source than Facebook, but it's hardly radical.

The Guardian: Some tourists and business travelers may face up to $15,000 bond to enter US
How many Mars Society members will not attend Convention this year?

YouTube: This is why so many Americans are moving to Russia
This is a young man from the UK, living in Ukraine and reporting on the war. He visited Kursk when Ukraine occupied it. He took video while he was in Kursk. Ukraine did not destroy residential areas, the Russians did that themselves when they re-captured Kursk.

He speaks about an article in the New York Times. The article was written by someone embedded with Russian forces, and every word of the article was approved by Moscow. He reports the article is incorrect, full of Russian propaganda. For one thing, claims of what happened in Kursk are in direct contradiction to what he saw when he was in Kursk. He also points out the New York Times has a habit of this: in the 1930s they wrote an article saying how great and wonderful the Nazis were. If you've heard about the New York Times article, then watch this video.

Ps. The video starts with a report of one family: husband, wife, and children, who moved to a town in Russia setup for Americans. The Russians forced the husband into the Russian army, sent him to fight in Ukraine, right at the front line, and with no training what so ever. We can now speculate how many days before he's killed.

kbd512,
Click the YouTube video above Watch it.

Void,
The US has been taking Canada for everything it can take for a long time. We have tried to form a fair partnership. The US has demanded all Canadian oil go to the US, and at a price far below world market price. All lumber must go to the US, and American house construction firms loved it, but US saw mills complained. US logging companies complained as well, even though the US doesn't have enough forests to provide enough lumber. Canadian lumber companies suffered greatly under tariffs and restrictions imposed by George W. With everything, the US insisted that the US benefit, that Canada get screwed. But Canada found a way to survive. Canadian large retailers got bought out or forced into bankruptcy. Well, in some cases. Eaton's was a major Canadian department store, but the 3rd generation of the family that owned it was not keeping up with new technology. The British company Woolworth was bought out by a Canadian firm in the 1960s, became a large discount retailer called Woolco. But Woolco was bought out by Walmart in 1994. Zellers was another large discount retailer, but bought out by Target, opening March 2013, closed January 2015. They really screwed up; long story.

Free trade is good for everyone, mostly for the US. It isn't a "cost", it's a benefit. It has reduced cost of goods, and increased the overall economy. Trump's tariffs have already started a recession in the US. Definition of recession is negative economic growth (shrinkage) for two consecutive quarters, so it won't be confirmed until September. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 was a major contributor to the Great Depression. Will the US suffer a major recession, or go into full depression? Yet to be seen.

YouTube: Ronald Reagan on tariffs. Click image for video.

Trump is at it again. This time he threatens a 200% tariff for any pharmaceuticals that do not move manufacturing to the US. Australia exports $2 billion to the US each year, one of their top 5 exports. But in Canada, pharmaceutical manufacture crosses the border 2 or 3 times before reaching patients. In 2018, Canadians spent $725 per year for insulin, while Americans spent $3,490, according to the Mayo Clinic. There is no way Canada can let the US dictate terms. If Trump really wants to do this, then Canada will have to find other partners to make pharmaceuticals, and American drugs can get more expensive.

Australia is making a big harry deal. Canada's new Prime Minister is quietly negotiating, creating carve-outs for Canada. But mostly it means Canadian manufacturers must find alternate partners, not US partners. We won't move anything to the US. Again, at the price US charges, there's no way.

Details: Canada has shorter patent periods for pharmaceuticals. That means generic copies can be made sooner. Part of the NAFTA negotiation was to force Canada to increase the patent period, but Canada never did increase it as much as the US. In Canada, it's illegal for a drug manufacturer to give kick-backs to pharmacists, and that is strictly enforced. One scheme is name-brand drug companies demand generic drugs removed off store shelves, and give kick-backs for sale of name-brand drugs. The large pharmacist company can get a fine, the salesman can be jailed, and the pharmacist can lose his license for years. These are the drug price regulations that I'm aware of. Canada's healthcare system does not subsidize drugs, instead prices are kept reasonable.

2015 comparison of drug prices in Canada to other countries. Again, the point is we can't let the US dictate.

::Edit:: Many Americans have imported pharmaceuticals from Canada to get reasonable prices. There are entire online pharmacies in Canada that do nothing but mail-order into the US. With US prices being 3.5 times the Canadian price, a 200% tariff will hurt Americans a lot, but in many cases the Canadian drugs will still be cheaper.

Calliban,
I don't know if I should say this on the internet, but those with technical nuclear knowledge already know it. You don't need enriched uranium to make a bomb. A bomb can be made with pure plutonium. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was uranium, but the one dropped on Nagasaki was plutonium. Spent fuel rods from a reactor contain plutonium. Low enriched uranium is mostly U-238, which will not fission. But if an atom of U-238 is hit by a moderated neutron, it will absorb it to become U-239. That decays in two steps over days to become Pu-239. That is fissile, and can be separated. Some of the Pu-239 will be split (consumed) in the reactor, but it can be done. A commercial power reactor isn't as efficient as a military breader reactor, but again it can be done. Ukrainian nuclear engineers are very knowledgeable, and Ukrainians in general have proven themselves to be very resourceful during this war.

Ps. Yuri said Ukraine would develop their own nuke. He didn't say anything about giving them one. Ukraine is a lot more capable than most Americans realize. Russia is a lot less. One reason this war is happening is Putin wants Ukraine's resources and skills back. But he doesn't understand killing them all means he won't get their skills.

Yesterday Trump said he would impose tariffs on numerous countries, but not Canada. Today he said he would impose a 50% tariff on copper from Canada. If you want me to create excuses for Trump, tell him to stop trying to destroy the Canadian economy.