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Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

We Might Soon Detect the Gravitational Waves from Dying Stars

https://www.universetoday.com/161795/we … ing-stars/

Potential sources for signals are merging massive black holes at the centre of galaxies, massive black holes orbited by small compact objects, known as extreme mass ratio inspirals, binaries of compact stars in our Galaxy,and possibly other sources of cosmological origin, such as the very early phase of the Big Bang, and speculative astrophysical objects like cosmic strings and domain boundaries
A joint NASA-ESA mission cancelled, ESA launched LISA Pathfinder, formerly Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology-2 (SMART-2), was an ESA spacecraft launched 2015.
Another mission Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a proposed space probe to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves.

Launch date 2037

http://lisa.nasa.gov/

Now an ESA mission

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) is a concept for a mission to directly image planetary systems around Sun-like stars. HabEx will be sensitive to all types of planets; however its main goal is, for the first time, to directly image Earth-like exoplanets, and characterize their atmospheric content. By measuring the spectra of these planets, HabEx will search for signatures of habitability such as water, and be sensitive to gases in the atmosphere possibility indicative of biological activity, such as oxygen or ozone. 

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex/

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-06-11 07:42:35)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

' Meanwhile, in Florida, ESA_Euclid has been fueled for launch '

https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/1 … 9283125249

Europe's Euclid space telescope to launch on July 1

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Euro … 1_999.html

The mission will launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral in Florida, with the broadcast beginning at 1430 GMT, the ESA said in a tweet.

Euclid was originally planned to ride into space on a Russian Soyuz rocket, but last year Moscow withdrew its launchers in response to sanctions over the invasion of Ukraine.

The ESA was forced to turn to its rival SpaceX, the US company of billionaire Elon Musk, to launch the 1.4-billion-euro ($1.5 billion) mission.

The two-tonne Euclid, which is 4.7 metres (15 feet) tall and 3.5 metres (11 feet) wide, will join fellow space telescope James Webb at a stable hovering spot 1.5 million kilometres from Earth called the second Lagrangian Point.

From there, Euclid will chart a 3D map of the universe encompassing two billion galaxies across more than a third of the sky.

Euclid's gaze will stretch out to 10 billion light years away. Because of how long it takes the light from distant stars to reach Earth, that means it will peer back 10 billion years into the cosmic past.

The mission will allow scientists to reconstruct the history of the 13.8-billion-year-old universe via "slices of time," astrophysicist Yannick Mellier told the Euclid consortium earlier this month.

Euclid's main objective is to better understand dark matter and dark energy, which together make up 95 percent of the universe.

The existence of both remains entirely theoretical -- although also necessary for scientists to construct a working understanding of the universe.

Dark matter is invisible, its existence inferred from the motion of objects affected by its gravitational pull.

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-06-22 03:29:32)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

NASA's Roman and ESA's Euclid will team up to investigate dark energy

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASA … y_999.html

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

The Carl Sagan Observatory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIgQpXObjFI

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Euclid Launches On Mission To Probe Unseen Universe

https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/ … n-universe

Europe’s Euclid space telescope launches to map the dark universe

https://www.engadget.com/europes-euclid … 31413.html

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

A radio telescope on the far side of the Moon

https://orbitalindex.com/archive/2023-0 … f-the-moon

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

'Liftoff!'
https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1675160575901593600

news media articles write
"While primarily an ESA mission, the telescope includes contributions from NASA and more than 2,000 scientists across 13 European countries, the United States, Canada and Japan."

From NASA's announcement:
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/20 … ark-energy
Scientists are unsure whether the universe's accelerated expansion is caused by an additional energy component, or whether it signals that our understanding of gravity needs to be changed in some way. Astronomers will use Roman and Euclid to test both theories at the same time, and scientists expect both missions to uncover important information about the underlying workings of the universe...
Less concentrated mass, like clumps of dark matter, can create more subtle effects. By studying these smaller distortions, Roman and Euclid will each create a 3D dark matter map... Tallying up the universe's dark matter across cosmic time will help scientists better understand the push-and-pull feeding into cosmic acceleration.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Beyond JWST

Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor, commonly known as LUVOIR a multi-wavelength space telescope concept being developed by NASA

The Large UV/Optical/IR Surveyor (LUVOIR) is a concept for a highly capable, multi-wavelength space observatory with ambitious science goals. This mission would enable great leaps forward in a broad range of science, from the epoch of reionization, through galaxy formation and evolution, star and planet formation, to solar system remote sensing. LUVOIR also has the major goal of characterizing a wide range of exoplanets, including those that might be habitable - or even inhabited.

https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/

LUVOIR is one of four Decadal Survey Mission Concept Studies initiated in Jan 2016. The study extended over 3.5 years and was executed by the Goddard Space Flight Center, under the leadership of a Science and Technology Definition Team (STDT) drawn from the community. Further information can be found at www.luvoirtelescope.org

https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/technology/

One of the primary science goals of LUVOIR is to detect and characterize habitable exoplanets around nearby stars. To achieve exoplanet yields large enough to enable a statistical study of habitability requires a large aperture telescope, greater than 8 meters in diameter. Any coronagraph instrument that is used to execute the exoplanet survey and characterization must have excellent performance with this telescope. Several key technology components will need to be matured to enable such observations: optimized coronagraph masks, ultra-stable opto-mechanical systems, and low noise, photon-counting visible and near-infrared detectors.

Observing programs aligned with the Cosmic Origins scientific objectives of LUVOIR demand a variety of UV imaging and spectroscopic capabilities, on sources ranging from protostars in local molecular clouds to star-forming galaxies at z=3. These instruments will require advances in large format, high sensitivity, and high-dynamic range (HDR) UV detectors, as well as highly uniform, high-reflectivity broadband mirror coatings.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Euclid Reaches L2, Shares its First Test Image
https://www.universetoday.com/162631/eu … est-image/

Spectacular New Einstein Cross Discovered Warping Space-Time
https://www.sciencealert.com/spectacula … space-time

the Einstein Cross is becoming a regular thing

there is also a Clover and
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap990331.html
the Smiley Face cat?
https://chandra.si.edu/photo/2015/cheshirecat/
Where Alice in Wonderland Meets Albert Einstein

if China industry and Chinese Scientists were to mass produce Xuntian ideas a planned 6-Meter Space Telescope

https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12013

How strange could it get, Dark Energy or maybe dark star candidates, JADES-GS-z13-0  JADES-GS-z12-0  and JADES-GS-z11-0 were originally identified as galaxies by the JWST

what next

Gravitons, some new exotic particle or Gravity Wave or Gravitational Lens telescopes?

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-08-03 06:48:29)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

XRISM mission ready to explore universe's hottest locales

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/XRIS … s_999.html

Japan's XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, pronounced "crism") observatory, expected to launch Aug. 25 (Aug. 26 Japan local time), will provide an unprecedented view into some of the hottest places in the universe. And it will do so using an instrument that's actually colder than the frostiest cosmic location now known.

"XRISM's Resolve instrument will let us peer into the make-up of cosmic X-ray sources to a degree that hasn't been possible before," said Richard Kelley, NASA's XRISM principal investigator at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. "We anticipate many new insights about the hottest objects in the universe, which include exploding stars, black holes and galaxies powered by them, and clusters of galaxies."

A new NASA infographic illustrates the enormous range of cosmic temperatures. At the bottom of the scale is absolute zero Kelvin, or 459.67 degrees below zero Fahrenheit (minus 273.15 Celsius).

The detector for XRISM's Resolve instrument is just a few hundredths of a degree warmer than this. It's 20 times chillier than the Boomerang Nebula - the coldest-known natural environment - and about 50 times colder than the temperature of deep space, which is warmed only by the oldest light in the universe, the cosmic microwave background.

The instrument, a collaboration between NASA and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), must be kept so cold because it works by measuring the tiny temperature increase created when X-rays strike its detector. This information builds up a picture of how bright the source is in various X-ray energies - the equivalent of colors of visible light - and lets astronomers identify chemical elements by their unique X-ray fingerprints, called spectra.

"With current instruments, we're only capable of seeing these fingerprints in a comparatively blurry way," said Brian Williams, NASA's XRISM project scientist at Goddard. "Resolve will effectively give X-ray astrophysics a spectrometer with a magnifying glass."

XRISM's other instrument, called Xtend, developed by JAXA and Japanese universities, is an X-ray imager that will perform simultaneous observations with Resolve, providing complementary information. Both instruments rely on two identical X-ray Mirror Assemblies developed at Goddard.

XRISM is a collaborative mission between JAXA and NASA, with participation by ESA (European Space Agency). NASA's contribution includes science participation from the Canadian Space Agency.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

An article talking about 'onset of a paradigm shift'

Gaia telescope data challenges long-held gravity theories

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Gaia … s_999.html

A groundbreaking study, harnessing observations from the European Space Agency's Gaia space telescope, has revealed evidence of discrepancies between observed stellar motions and predictions from Newton's universal law of gravitation and Einstein's general relativity.

The research, spearheaded by Professor Kyu-Hyun Chae of Sejong University, Seoul, scrutinized the orbital dynamics of approximately 26,500 wide binary stars situated within a 650 light years range. Prof. Chae had expert assistance from Kareem El-Badry, formerly at Harvard and currently faculty at Caltech, in accessing and utilizing the Gaia database.

One of the study's distinctive qualities was its focus on deducing gravitational accelerations of binary stars based on their separation or orbital period. This was achieved through a Monte Carlo deprojection, converting observed two-dimensional motions into three-dimensional space dynamics.

Commenting on the methodology, Prof. Chae remarked, "Gravity can be directly and efficiently tested by calculating accelerations. My previous engagements with galactic rotation curves influenced this approach." He further noted similarities between wide binaries and galactic disks, with the major difference being the former's elongated orbits in contrast to the nearly circular orbits of the latter.

A surprising outcome of this research was the realization that, under certain conditions, observed star accelerations began deviating from what Newton's and Einstein's laws would predict. Specifically, for accelerations less than approximately 0.1 nanometer per second squared, the observed acceleration exceeded the Newton-Einstein prediction by a significant 30 to 40 percent.

This observation has intriguing parallels with a theoretical proposition made four decades ago by physicist Mordehai Milgrom, of the Weizmann Institute in Israel. Milgrom's framework, termed as modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) or Milgromian dynamics, posits such a deviation in gravitational behavior under specific circumstances.

Adding further weight to this, the exact boost in acceleration was found to be consistent with a MOND-type gravity theory named AQUAL, originally conceived by Milgrom and physicist Jacob Bekenstein. Importantly, this alignment depends on a unique external field effect from the Milky Way galaxy, a cornerstone of MOND-type modified gravity.

Prof. Chae commented on the implications, asserting that potential systemic errors were rigorously examined and the results appeared to be genuine. He anticipates that the results will undergo further scrutiny and refinement as more data becomes available.

Interestingly, while boosted accelerations in galactic rotation curves might be attributed to dark matter, according to Newton-Einstein standard gravity, this isn't the case for wide binary dynamics. Such dynamics evidently challenge the standard gravity framework, aligning more with the MOND perspective.

Historical analogies are hard to ignore. Just as anomalies in Mercury's orbits in the 19th century precipitated the birth of Einstein's general relativity, the anomalies now observed in wide binaries might necessitate an evolution or replacement of current gravitational theories.

Adding to the discourse, Pavel Kroupa, professor at both Bonn University and Charles University in Prague, conveyed agreement with the study's conclusions, emphasizing the significant implications for astrophysics.

Xavier Hernandez, who originally proposed testing gravity using wide binary stars, appreciated the robustness of Chae's work and felt it qualified as a true discovery. Similarly, Mordehai Milgrom lauded Chae's meticulous analysis but called for further independent validations.

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-08-14 18:52:52)

tahanson43206

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

For Mars_B4_Moon re #86

Thank you for the link to the GAIA telescope observations analysis of a small discrepancy that appears to support a decades old theory.

This short report attempts to capture years of work in a few words. 

The report includes clarification that the specific focus of the research is NOT impacted by dark matter or dark energy.

(th)

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Rubin will detect an abundance of interstellar objects passing through solar system

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Rubi … m_999.html

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Exoplanet surveyor Ariel passes major milestone
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Exop … e_999.html

Ariel, ESA's next-generation mission to observe the chemical makeup of distant exoplanets, has passed a major milestone after successfully completing its payload Preliminary Design Review (PDR). The successful completion of the payload PDR marks a crucial step forward for Ariel, demonstrating that the mission's payload design meets all the required technical and scientific specifications, and no holdups were found for the foreseen launch in 2029.

The Ariel payload will consist of an integrated suite comprising the telescope, the Ariel infrared spectrometer (AIRS), and the Fine Guidance System (FGS) module, along with the necessary supporting hardware and services.

The Ariel consortium payload team prepared 179 technical documents and addressed 364 questions for a panel of ESA experts, who evaluated the feasibility, performance and robustness of the payload design. The review scrutinised every aspect of the proposed payload to ensure that the designed systems meet the technical, scientific, and operational requirements of the mission.

As a result of this major achievement, the mission can now proceed to payload CDR (Critical Design Review) and begin to manufacture its first prototype models.

"This is really a big step for the mission and we are very pleased with the outcome," says Theresa Lueftinger, ESA Ariel project scientist. "The ESA team, the Ariel Consortium payload team and Airbus put a huge amount of work and effort into the success of this major milestone and the collaboration went extremely well. All the elements have been put together and evaluated and we now know that the mission is feasible and we can do the science."

Ariel will observe about 1000 exoplanets, ranging from rocky planets to gas giants. The mission will study the nature of these exoplanets, both as individuals and as populations. It will also monitor the activity of their host stars.

Using a variety of techniques, Ariel will detect signs of well-known ingredients in the planets' atmospheres, including water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane. It will also detect exotic metallic compounds to decipher the overall chemical environment of the distant star system. For a few planets, Ariel will study their clouds and monitor variations in their atmospheres on both daily and seasonal timescales.

Ariel's observations of these diverse worlds will provide insights into the early stages of the formation of planets and their atmospheres, and their evolution over time. This will contribute to our understanding of our own Solar System. The observations will also lay the groundwork for future searches for life elsewhere in the Universe and planets similar to Earth.

Ariel Mission
Ariel was selected as the fourth medium ('M-class') mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-25 plan in March 2018. It was adopted in November 2020 and is currently under development.

Ariel is a collaboration between ESA and the Ariel Mission Consortium. Involving more than 50 institutes from 16 European countries, the Consortium will provide the mission's payload module, including the reflector telescope and associated science instruments.

Meanwhile, Airbus will lead the European industrial consortium that is building the satellite and provide expertise and support to ESA and the Ariel Mission Consortium for the development of the payload module. NASA and other space agencies are also contributing to the payload.

ESA will provide the service module, the integration and testing of the spacecraft flight model, as well as being responsible for the launch and operations. After launch, operations will be conducted jointly by ESA and the Consortium.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Russia switches off Germany's telescope?

or was it the politics of the Ukraine invasion and EU / German sanctions that had them switch off their own scope?

'eROSITA sees changes in the most powerful quasar'
https://www.mpe.mpg.de/7948582/news20230519

SXG will be in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point L-2. The mission will spend 3 months flight to L2 including verification and calibration phases, then 4 years performing an all sky survey (8 × ½ year) and finally 3.5 years pointed observations.
https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/spektr-rg.htm

Spektr-RG is a Russian–German high-energy astrophysics space observatory which was launched in July of 2019

In March 2022, Russia said they turned off one of the two telescopes aboard Spektr-RG (presumably eROSITA) as a response to the German reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Russ … s_999.html In June, the head of Roscosmos threatened to unilaterally seize control of the German telescope, citing German officials' "pro-fascist views"
https://www.dw.com/en/russia-plans-to-r … a-62033082

German site
https://www.mpe.mpg.de/eROSITA

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-08-19 16:45:05)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

The telescope XRISM again X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, formerly the X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM)

XRISM spacecraft will open new window on the x-ray cosmos

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/XRIS … s_999.html

XRISM's microcalorimeter spectrometer, named Resolve, is a collaboration between JAXA and NASA. It will create spectra, measurements of light's intensity over a range of energies, for X-rays from 400 to 12,000 electron volts. (For comparison, visible light energies range from about 2 to 3 electron volts.)

Japan PDF X-ray astronomy 'ASTRO-H Successor'

https://web.archive.org/web/20170709123 … 6893_1.pdf

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-08-21 09:20:16)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

JAXA, NASA XRISM Mission delayed for launch

Japan suspends H-IIA rocket launch for moonshot because of strong winds
https://www.reuters.com/technology/spac … 023-08-28/

The rocket is also carrying an X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) satellite, a joint project of JAXA, NASA and the European Space Agency.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

ESA the Euclid space telescope

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtpjMNFHsfw

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

XRISM is on track!

https://twitter.com/xrism_jp/status/1699679899450298854

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

How Can We Bring Down the Costs of Large Space Telescopes?

https://www.universetoday.com/163157/ho … elescopes/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

New neutrino research may help answer the question of our existence
https://www.ft.com/content/84f49595-9a2 … e3a519120f

A New Observatory Will Spot Core-Collapse Supernovae Before They Explode
https://www.universetoday.com/163242/a- … y-explode/
The thing about a supernova is that you never know when it might occur. Supernovae are triggered either by a collision with another star or when the interior of a massive star becomes depleted of nuclear fuel and begins a rapid collapse. Neither of these show any major optical changes before the explosion, so we are left to scan the sky in the hopes of catching one in its early stages. But that could soon change.

For the second type of supernova, known as core-collapse supernova, there is an early warning. As the core of the star collapses, the rapid collision of nuclei triggers a tremendous production of both gamma rays and neutrinos. The gamma-ray photons collide strongly with nuclei, which generates much of the pressure that eventually rips the star apart. But the neutrinos only interact weakly with nuclei, so most of them stream out of the star unimpeded. As a result, while the gamma-ray photons are starting to trigger the supernova, the neutrinos are already on their way to deep space.

This means that when a core-collapse supernova occurs, we experience a burst of neutrinos before the star begins to brighten as a supernova. We have seen this happen once before, when neutrino observatories detected a few events just before SN 1987a occurred. In that case, this was only realized long after the fact. It actually helped us understand how neutrinos are generated during a supernova, but we couldn’t use it as an early warning system. By the time the neutrino detections were recognized, the supernova had already occurred.

But the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) hopes to change that. In a new paper on the arXiv, the authors discuss how JUNO should be able to recognize neutrino events in near real-time. Given the time delay of optical supernovae, this could be fast enough to localize the neutrino source quickly enough to alert other observatories. These observatories could then focus their attention on a particular region of the sky to catch a supernova in the act. Based on the design of JUNO, the authors estimate there would be about a false alarm roughly once a year, but for real events, the system should be able to detect the neutrinos of the initial core collapse for a 30 solar-mass star more than a million light-years away. Even more impressive, the system could also detect the much fainter burst of neutrinos that occurs in the pre-supernova stage for a 30 solar-mass star up to 3,000 light years away. So if Betelgeuse ever does go supernova in the near future, JUNO could tell us in plenty of time to grab our binoculars.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

'Noctalgia'

In general, it means "sky grief"

https://science.slashdot.org/story/23/0 … -noctalgia

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope or the Roman Space Telescope, and formerly the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope will do more than 'Spitzer', the launch of Roman aims to address cutting-edge questions in cosmology and exoplanet research, it will examine dark matter and carry out a census of exoplanets.

The census would also include a sample of free-floating planets with masses likely down to the mass of Mars.
https://web.archive.org/web/20200827060 … telescope/

Primary instrument for NASA's Roman completed, begins tests
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-primary-i … roman.html

Ground support will be provided by a new NASA station in White Sands, the Misada station in Japan and ESAs New Norcia station in Australia

2018 thread

https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=8075

'Cancelling WFIRST Telescope Will Permanently Ruin NASA'

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-09-20 14:51:30)

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

China's new wide-field survey telescope scopes out Andromeda galaxy

https://www.yahoo.com/news/chinas-wide- … 13350.html

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Re: Planned Earthly or Space Telescopes - from any nation

Great Plenary Meeting: PM16 / EAS Science Symposium S3
https://great.ast.cam.ac.uk/Greatwiki/GreatMeet-PM16
Gaia: The (TWO) Billion Star Galaxy Census: The Magic of Gaia DR3

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/iow_20230922

With Gaia Data Release 4 (Gaia DR4), the number of binary star orbits provided will be much larger. The availability of epoch data will also increase the number of sources that can be combined with literature data to derive masses. This expected increase should allow in particular to quantify the mass-luminosity variation with metallicity.

10 October 2023

The release will be consisting of:

    Updated astrometry for Solar System objects.
    Astrometry and photometry from engineering images taken in selected regions of high source density (only Omega Cen for this FPR).
    The first results of quasars' environment analysis for gravitational lenses search.
    Extended radial velocity epoch data for Long Period Variables.
    Diffuse Interstellar Bands from aggregated RVS spectra.
    Pre-main sequence accretion parameters (no longer part of the FPR, postponed to Gaia DR4)