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The only big problem with it is that much of the structural Material and life support for the colony would probably have to be obtained from asteroids/moons etc Other than that, its probably a good place to live and grow food.
What, other than Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Sulpher, and Hydrogen, do we need?
Iron, Aluminium, Titanium, Rare Earth Metals...
You can chemically fabricate structural materials out of basic elements in the atmosphere but that strikes me as very inefficient and energy intensive. Its doing things the hard way. They don't do that on Earth and for very good reasons, so lets not start doing it in space.
Why do it this way when its easier to get raw materials mined and processed from asteroids/moons. I think we should try to make the whole pallette of building materials available on Earth for use in space.
I'm astonished at the suggestions to cool and terraform the planet. What a fucking enormous waste of energy! If the floating colonies expanded to covered a lot of the area of the planet, being on the surface would no longer matter! You have all the access to light you need and can't rotate around the planet to provide day/night cycle!
No seriously though, the point of social spending would be to to share everybody's resources, for the benefit of everybody (yeah even the guys making a shit load of money) Good education, Infrastructure, Communication, R&D, Medical care..
The trouble is it doesn't work that way. In the US, the top fraction of one percent or income earners pay 40% of the taxes. The bottom 95% pay the same amount, 40%. Whats wrong with this picture? The rich do not use goverment services more than everyone else, probably the other way around.
You can't keep milking the rich like a bottomless money pit out of envy and jealously and expect them to still be here. Not unless you intend to invade the Cayman Islands.
Instead you have to admit that endless social engineering programs are a failure on the national, state/provincial, and local/city/municipal level and the governments only responsibility is that of physical infrastucture and material necessities, and not nanny state enforcement.
The best part is these costs are fixed based on population, and only grow when the taxable population does.
Where does rich people's money come from? Magic? Thin Air?
The government's responsibility is to the people that elected it.
I don't have to admit that social programs are failure because thats a load of bollocks. The education I'm receiving is paid for by the government. When I get a big fancy high paying job from that education, the government makes more than its investment back from making me pay higher taxes. Everybody wins! I'm not a greedy person, so I have no problem giving back to the society that helped me get where I am.
To bring this back on topic, I would prefer all that money that was spent on the Iraq war and military were invested in either Space or social programs like education. We'd could have easily been on Mars by now for the outrageous amount that was spent.
If they spent a fraction of that money on a Human Mars Mission, there would be no need to outsource!!
RobertDyck
Why would floating colonies not work?
If colonizing mars with enclosures can work, then floating colonies on Venus can work. Its mostly a challenge of engineering and logistics, not a physics problem.
The only big problem with it is that much of the structural Material and life support for the colony would probably have to be obtained from asteroids/moons etc Other than that, its probably a good place to live and grow food.
Getting those materials from Asteroids and moons shouldn't be a big problem given their low escape velocities.
For this to become possible, significant space infrastructure needs to be in place, like space manufacturing, communications and giant cargo ships. A lot of automation maybe necessary.
Atm, obtaining it from the planet's surface would be too difficult, but that situation could change in time. Eventually the surface will exploitable.
Gregori, living on Mars unlike the Earth will be for a long time a very Hi-Tech enviroment. Our domes and Habitats will be very efficient in keeping air, water and other essentials in, as well as keeping what we dont want out.
We know that there is water present and that we can make air out of the materials there all we need is energy and all our plans are to send to Mars with our colonists the ability to generate a lot of energy and to indigiously make devices there that could generate more.
Earth does have a fresh water problem and a lot of it is down to our making but we also have a real energy problem in that we dont make enough to be able to deal with our water shortages.
To categorise and research the mineralogy of Mars will be the work of decades we are still studying it here on Earth and it has been one of our most important sciences since Hugh Miller did a lot of the basic work we all draw on. We do know a lot about Mars but until we get people there we are reaching a plateau of knowledge that requires human eyes to look at and see where to go next.
I totally agree.
I'm dead excited about what phoenix returns in may, and the MRL in 2010.
Eventually, Human explorers will have to go there. I don't think we'll have an autonomous colony for a long long time. It will probably be a lot of research stations for a few decades. When it does happen I think we should have a solarized space manufacturing infrastructure in place to trade useful resources between different solar system bodies.
I reckon that other places in the solar system should also be inhabited concurrently as its easier to get useful materials from them and transport to other locations than from Earth. If enough R&D is done, a lot of manufacturing and mining could be based in space like on the Moon and Asteroids. Manufacturing LOX, Metallic Space Craft Parts on the Moon would be an example. Some Spacecraft would be too large to launch of Earths surface with current technology, but they could be easily lifted of an Asteroid or a Moon transporting useful materials in bulk.
Venus happens to have one of the most useful industrial chemicals floating around its atmosphere, so eventually settling there could be a very wise idea.
Longer term, if there is to be large scale development we probably do need some trade impetus. One possibility is gold trading. If there are sufficiently rich veins of gold exposed on Mars mining might be quite easy. The ore could be processed on Mars and pure gold exported back to earth. If we can get the transport costs down to say $5,000 per Kg, this could become quite feasible.
There you have if it! IF? We don't know this yet. It could be possible but know one knows. There needs to significant work done to characterize the geology and mineralogy of Mars surface. Mars may have some of the right elements for life, but that doesn't necessarily mean it has them in the right condition or the right mix. This is the shit we need to know before we settle it permanently.
I could give you a long list of resources we can extract from Mars: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, nitrate fertilizer, soil (regolith + nitrate fertilizer + certain plants = arable soil), steel, aluminum, magnesium, glass, gypsum (wall board), fibreglass, plastics of all sorts, bricks, cement/concrete, and others. Steel smelting requires carbon monoxide and hydrogen, there's either hydrogen or carbon required for every one. Which is why water and a CO2 atmosphere are so valuable.
No one is sure is in what amounts and how recoverable all those elements are. Extraction could be extremely extremely expensive and require an insane amount of energy. Its not as easy as, well the elements are there.. On Earth, there is going to be a water shortage yet there are trillions of the tonnes of stuff covering most of its surface! Desalination is expensive
I'm not saying we can't eventually colonize Mars, just that there are finer details that need to be looked into before its possible.
Uh, Gregori, this is the Mars Society. Them's fight'en words!
Try reading Robert Zubrin's book "The Case for Mars". It has a description of how you can make construction materials from resources on Mars. Since it was written, Mars probes have found a lot more permafrost than anyone expected. That's a water source. There's everything you need to grow a colony on Mars. And you don't need a giant dome, just pressurized habitats. Connect habitats with corridors, but you can walk outside with a spacesuit.
A mechanical counter pressure (MCP) spacesuit doesn't require cooling. Cooling is by sweat; in space it would require 2 litres of drinking water for an 8 hour EVA, but since Mars has an atmosphere and it's cold, I expect a lot less water loss. Since an MCP suit is fabric, it can be machine washable. On the dusty surface of Mars, it's the right suit. You only need O2 bottles, regenerable CO2 sorbent, and lithium ion batteries. A light-weight, dexterous, easily maintained suit. Again, the right suit for Mars.
So yea, we can establish a permanent settlement on Mars now. The only issue is money. Or more to the point, how do we make a profit by settling Mars? The cost to develop the A380 Airbus demonstrated billions of private investment money is available, if there's a profit to be had. So how do you make a profit?
Uhh water is not the thing you need for a colony. Its important, but its not everything we need. Money is also not the only problem.
Research on Mars is still a young and ongoing field.
We discussed the idea of a spacesuit for Venus. It's possible but cryogenic coolant to keep the suit a reasonable temperature would limit time on the surface. A space shuttle to descend to the surface of Venus and back into orbit would have to make maximum use of its atmosphere, and have incredible energy density. The only way I can see one working is with a nuclear jet engine. That is solid core nuclear fuel elements creating the heat to expand intake gasses; no hydrocarbon fuel. A Venus habitat would require massive cooling, requiring a nuclear reactor to power the air conditioner.
Possible, but if you're cooped up inside almost all the time, what's the point of going to Venus. Again, a Venus colony can be done but you have to terraform first. Mars has the advantage we can colonize now and terraform later.
Well, there is always the possibility of a floating colony and surface installations
Gregori -
My comments on your post are:
1. We won't be trying to produce EVERYTHING we do on earth on Mars. There will be a strategic approach to production. We will exclude whole ranges of products which currently absorb huge amounts of energy and labour input: e.g. private cars, decorative clothing, furnishings, food packaging, all printed material. It's a very long list of what we don't need to produce. We will concentrate production on those items essential to life and build up our infrastructure gradually using mostly ISRU but with strategic importation from earth.
2. The Antarctic bases with their artificially lit greenhouses already provide a good analogue for Mars operations.
3. I dispute we do not know whether we can grow anything on Mars. Entrenched hydroponic facilities with artificial lighting will provide controlled conditions for growth. The only unknown is how crops will behave in 38% gravity. Given there are plenty of foods we can grow successfully in zero g, I don't think this is going to be a problem. Entrenched facilities provide almost 100% protection against solar and cosmic radiation.
4. Why do you think it's difficult to build a factory on Moon or Mars? All you do is take your small scale machine with you - there's your factory.
What is it you are worried we won't be able to make? It's going to be a different type of industry - not huge Toyota plants with dedicated workers, but small scale, serial production with all inhabitants participating directly in manufacture.5. I think we do have a fairly good idea of regolith composition on Mars. Enough to know that there is a wide range of materials available. Similarly we know that there are many of the ingredients required to make a good fertile soil.
Actually we don't know these things. Thats why we keep sending probes there. There are huge gaps in the information. There chances nothing will ever grow in martian soil or it will need extensive treatment and processing. It could be full of salt or hydrogen peroxide or too acidic.
Hydroponics will require a lot of importing from Earth if we lack the facilities to obtain the right materials on Mars or elsewhere. It will require extensive processing.
To colonize substantial part of space, we are going to need more than small factories, they will have to be substantial facilities to make it economical or even feasible.
Making products in space is not as simple as just putting a machine up there. It has to be designed to account for low gravity or zero g. The Weight and Volume of the Machines have to be accounted for because of launch weight limits.
All sorts of Hazards could be possible in space due to lack of atmosphere, solar radiation, sharp electrostatic dust, lo gravity. A factory would probably have to be sealed airtight (if not operated by robots). How do workers operate in a space factory? Certain materials form differently in space in partial gravity.
Machines for manufacturing in space would require specialized design.
There are plenty of locations on Earth that could be easier to exploit than Mars, but nobody is touching them with a barge pole because they're still insanely difficult and need extensive R&D.
In response to the topic of the thread, going to Venus would be helpful as H2SO4 is one of the most widely used and produced industrial chemical on Earth. Its readily available in the Venusian Clouds. It could be a huge export of Venus and would aid development of other colonies.
yeah, I don't feel too bad since every method of terraforming Venus is impractical.
Has anybody considered settlement on the Venus surface using refractory material and an active cooling system?
There have been submarines that have withstood much greater pressures than the Venusian surface, Materials that can withstand much greater heat and forms of powered cooling. An installation on the surface could be used to exploit the ground beneath it if there are useful minerals beneath.
Actually does anybody know of the possibility of using wind power on Venus?
Life?
True. Nobody even know if it could support life at all. I hope it can..
We often take for granted just how complicated our modern world is. Even the simplest products require multiple complicated processes and trade of developed resources all over the world. Everything is dependent on a hundred other things existing.
I say export the H2SO4. It would take a very long time to remove it for terraforming purpose, but its an extremely useful industrial chemical that could be useful for other space colonies and maybe Earth.
Trade of useful resources on Venus could support human settlement since colonies in the upper atmosphere would need considerable imports to support any life.
Venus is good in terms of gravity, temperature and pressure at certain altitude but crap in terms of building materials and food. These can be imported from the Moon, Asteroids, Mars.
The obsession with Mars is just the single path fallacy.
No one is even sure anything will grow on Mars. We know nothing about the chemical make up of its soil, Whether we can protect the colony from Radiation, does it have all the right mineral deposits to support modern industry etc etc. There is a lot of uncertainty. Its certainly won't support itself for a long long time. There is practically no country on Earth that supports itself.
If I told you to go set up a domed colony in the middle of the Sahara (Or Antartica/Attacama) - you would rightly tell me how crazy and unrealistic that was. Mars is no different and it will be no easy task as has been made out. We actually don't know that much about it.
Settling the cloud tops of Venus is no more technologically difficult than domed settlements on Mars (they are both very very difficult)
I suggest exploring a vast amount of space before serious settlement of anywhere. When the time comes to settle, have infrastructure in place to support multiple settlements.
Space manufacturing needs some serious R&D. When the time comes, they will have to know how to make useful products in Space. I don't think anybody knows how to build a factory on the Moon or In Space.
Lets do both!
Asteroids, The Moon, Venus, Mars, Titan, Ceres, Jupiter's moon
Set up an entire infrastructure in space..
There is no absolute ideal location for human habitation in the Solar System (bar Earth). However you can mitigate the disadvantages by trading useful resources between locations
Venus could be a great place to live if you import certain important materials (possibly from the asteroids/moon/Mars)
I suggest that we trade the benefits and resources of the Solar system between the various locations to even out the disadvantages. An analogy would be that of how the Earth's trade is globalised allowing people to live all over its surface almost regardless of location.
Since the Earths population is exploding, this may not be such a bad idea.
The missions to the outer planets can be accomplished with robots and automated spacecraft.
Social spending though tends to basic education, basic medical care and of course pensions/unemployment benefits. The majority of all money collected will go to these priorities which is needless to say right but it becomes a major burden on a state to pay these.
But we are the state, so it a burden worth paying for.
I'd include under the umbrella of social spending all of the other things I mentioned above
Because that inevitably leads to a populous that thinks it can vote themselves the right to everyone elses stuff. That means yours. And they can.
Everyone being the keyword.
Why would everyone vote to give up more of their money when they can just take it from a minority?
Ohh those poor rich people...
No seriously though, the point of social spending would be to to share everybody's resources, for the benefit of everybody (yeah even the guys making a shit load of money) Good education, Infrastructure, Communication, R&D, Medical care..
Lets face it, the real reason we are here on this forum and want to go to Mars is because It's cool!!
The facade of pseudo-intellectual justification for going there is just pure bullshit!
Don't get me wrong, I totally approve of space exploration, because it's cool! New places, possibilities, groovy technology, advancing scientific knowledge etc etc
If you object to costly stealth bombers and military occupations, they you will also object to even more expensive social programs that turn citizens into government dependents.
Why would I object to social spending?
Because that inevitably leads to a populous that thinks it can vote themselves the right to everyone elses stuff. That means yours. And they can.
That doesn't mean that we shouldn't aid those who can not help themselves. But the government can only keep them alive, only they can make it worth living.
Now, I'm opposed to the goverment making jobs for the sake of making jobs. We need to demand the most effective use of our money as possible. But buying stuff off the shelf overseas makes us dependent on those shelves, which are garenteed to leave us wanting and needing someday.
Everyone being the keyword.
Nice idea but not necessarily practical.
Also I think Mars has everything we need. Water is there in abundance. Hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen are there - perhaps not in ideal quantities, but there is a sufficiency. Remember, for the foreseeable future the colonies are going to be quite tiny. Even a colony of 100,000 is not going to tax the resources available on Mars. The significant thing about Mars is that it has huge amounts of usable land and solar insolation not far off the equivalent figure for earth (thanks to the lack of a dense atmosphere). With the huge energy surplus (far greater per capita than anything available to the earth-bound), we will be able to make good use of the resources.
Mars doesn't have everything we need and its not necessarily the best place for humans to be in the solar system given its lower access to solar power, less than great gravity. In fact no one knows if anything will even grow in the current Martian soil. Any strategy that uses less payloads from Earth will be a lot more feasible and economical. Colonizing several places concurrently will even out the advantages/disadvantages of all these locations. Lots of places in the Solar system have better recoverable resources than Mars.
The industrial base for space colonization needs to be developed off Earth. The Moon will be a good start to developing this infrastructure. Given the population explosion, it makes a lot more sense to settle and take advantage of the resources of more than one place.
The tech to implement such infrastructure is not far away. Actually, a lot of it is quite feasible now.
So you really believe those in power in Iran are interested in space exploration?
Maybe, maybe not. If there are economic, millitaristic and goals of national pride to be gained from it, they could become very interested all of a sudden.
Do I believe those in power in the US/Russia/China/India are really all that interested in space exploration. Not really. The workers at NASA and the other space agencies probably are but the program where established for more cynical reasons that just peaceful space exploration.
The thick atmosphere of Venus and high Wind speeds make sure that the night side of the planet is as hot as the day side.
Most of the Heat is being transported by the atmosphere. If you could disrupt this flow of heat from the day side to the night, you could potentially make the night side much colder.
I propose an Atmospheric dam around the planet to disrupt the flow. It would probably have to be around 40 km high and encircle the planet from pole to pole. It could be essentially a hollow structure if the materials and design where strong enough. A very wide base to cope with the load would be a preferable.
It would be a very good notion that the launching of Irans IRBM would lead the Iranians to begin a space exploration program. One more country vested in exploration means one step closer to a unified world united in a common goal that benefits all.
At least your optimistic. I feel that the more people invested in space the better.
Instead of making hypocritical threats at nations like Iran and trying to freeze them out of the world we should actually try to get them involved. I'd prefer if they were integrated into the world in trade, space etc etc
We could have a lot more influence that way than trying to bully them all the time.
You really think non-democracies like China, Iran and Russia can be trusted to play a constructive role in colony development? I don't. I think they will be pursuing a very narrow interest.
Why not? Despite all the things thrown at them, they aren't horrible monsters. They're states with lots of technical know how, money to invest etc etc
On a very practical level they have a huge amount to play a constructive role in colony development. Actually, the Saudi know a lot about irrigation, they could play a big role.
I don't think exclusion will do any good when colonizing other worlds. It will just breathe hatred.
I believe I said this before.
It seems all the places in the solar systems have the resources to terraform them, they're just in the wrong place.
But I won't do a gaetanomarano.
Yeah I suppose thats the idea. However, I don't think terraforming is the best for everywhere in the solar system and definitely not realistic with current technology. I imagine a more subsistence kinda living on each world using technology to make the best possible use of the resources. I want to kinda live with the worlds in question, adapt technology to them.
Para Terraforming is closest thing I can imagine to what I'm on about.
I've come to realize that many of the possible targets for human habitation in the solar system are less than ideal. Each one has different pro and cons in terms of natural resources and enviroment. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
I propose that instead of making any one target (like Mars) for habitation, we make home on several solar bodies at once and trade their resources across space to balance out the deficiencies.
For example, Venus has the advantage of Earth like Gravity, Pressure and temperature at a certain altitude. A floating colony could be potentially built here. If has abundant Solar Power, CO2, H2S04, Nitrogen. What It lacks in great amounts is liquid water. This could be possibly provided from Mars, Asteroids and Comets, Saturn and Jupiter's Moons. The colonists don't need enough water to make Oceans, just enough to subsist and it makes more sense to provide that from anywhere with less gravity than Earth.
Titan is a frigid moon that makes very little sense to 'terraform', but it has low escape velocity and abundant water, nitrogen and hydocarbon reserves. These would be invaluable to Venus, Martian and Lunar colonist s. Fertilizer(NH3), Plastics, Fuel, Cryogenic coolant would all be incredibly useful for human colonies. It would be much easier to launch this raw material from here than Earth. The Low gravity of Titan could be a mitigating factor to permanent residents but a great site for tourism with its scenic alien landscape.
Mars has the advantage of being a very Earth-like planet, with a similar rotational period making it awesome for growing crops. Its low temperature and pressure could be overcome with a parra terraforming scheme or similar. Useful bulk materials from other parts of the solar system will be easier to transport here than if they were obtained from Earth.
The Moon's abundance of metals and sillicates, closeness to Earth and low gravity make it an attractive place to build materials destined for elsewhere in the solar system. Very large rockets lifting heavy payloads might be constructed here from the metal. Obtaining oxygen from minerals in the Regolith might make this a very good place for refueling ship bound elsewhere in the Solar system etc etc
The asteroids have an incredible wealth of mineral resources that could be useful for colonies on all these brave new worlds. Water, carbonates, Metals etc etc
There are potential regions of Mercury that could host human settlers. It has Mars like surface gravity, similar surface to the Moon, enormous amounts of metal and solar power. Mercury lacks the volatiles and atmosphere to sustain life but these could come from elsewhere Its weak magnetic field at least deflects solar radiation.
Distances in space are huge and take a long time to traverse with current technology. To Overcome this deficiency, a constant stream of ships going back and forth hauling cargo between these different world would make it more practical and economical. A lot of these ship could be unmanned and automated to spare humans too many dull irradiated journeys..
The gist of what I'm saying is no to have all ones eggs in one basket and that all the places in the solar system have stuff they can offer to each other that is advantageous.
given that we're being a bit speculative here:
In the event that a small fusion reactor become possible with a power output of several megawatts (The Polywell for example), would a type of SSTO Ramjet Ship be possible?
Atmosphere air would be superheated into a dense magnetically confined plasma that is expelled out the back. More air would be fed through the front of the 'engines' from ramming through the atmosphere. The air maybe heated by lasers, or an electric current or whatever works...