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Theres a big difference between a Mir or ISS complex, with modules sticking out at every angle, and a craft designed for interplanetary travel. The acceleration and stresses involved require direct pressure on the center of gravity of the craft. If you tried to fire the ISS off at interplanetary speed, it would probably snap in at least two.
The Russians are capable. But they don't have anything capable now and seem to lack the funding or the political will to get it. What they really need is Energia.
I think the current plans for the Lunar Habitat is something like the small modules used for ISS?
Those are early requirement studies, I hope. Otherwise it will be the ISS all over again.
Now if we modify a Ares V core and a couple EDS stages, and furnish the interior, we can finish off a base capable of supporting a large crew on one pole in about a year and move on to other Lunar targets.
Russia says lots of things, but that rarely results in functional hardware. All that oil revenue does seem to be doing them any good.
Anything assembled in pieces small enough to be lofted by a Russian rocket is going to be too small to go beyond lunar space, and too many of them will flex too much on interplanetary trips from acceleration and aerobreaking.
The future is in converting the large diameter spent heavy lift stages like skylab was. Depending on how these are put together on prior to launch, I don't think this will require much in the way of external orbital assembly that can not be supported by the craft itself.
For Space Exploration, it's kind of going to the Private Enterprises. NASA doesn't develop any new tech, it just pays companies to.
It may pay companies for the technologies, but what incentive do those companies have for applying those technologies together for exploration?
cIclops, your locked into a mindset of repeating propaganda with absolutely no bases in fact. You see what you want to see and you don't see what you don't want to see. I do not denie that the Government consumes a certain amount of wealth, but you can't support your claim that the Government doesn't create a certain amount of wealth either and doesn't provide goods and services the American people.
Is it too much to ask that we discuss our views and not make this so personal?
Your examples are all government agencies, pseudo businesses that AFAIK are funded and subsidized by taxpayer money. They mostly operate without competition. Once big government moves into an area they squeeze out private enterprise. There's no reason today why government should be delivering mail or providing any other basic service, with a few exceptions like police, justice and the military - and to get back on topic, space exploration. If government agencies are so good at this, why not have them run restaurants and shops too? The answer is they are hopelessly inefficient, any time they screw up more money is just poured in to cover their losses. Money that they forcibly extract from the true wealth creators and ordinary citizens. The net result is a less prosperous society and a less efficient economy - and millions of people dependent on taxpayer supported jobs. Look how NASA has to take into account all those jobs at KSC when it makes decisions about new launch systems.
Most of the things listed were also things that the private sector would have little to no interest in anyway, either because its impossible do to massive goverment regulation, or because such a project would not be profitable if the company had to foot the bill all by itself. But once the goverment invest in the infrastructure, people find new ways to use it that didn't exist before, and the country as a whole prospers. Take the TVA, there was no technical reason power could not have been provided, but the power company concluded there were not enough customers to be worth the investment. Also, private industry didn't care about the seasonal flooding, cause they could afford to build on higher ground. But once the money was spent and the job done, the region was far more productive for all parties. Same for the Eisenhower Interstate. I think that it was far better for (nearly) all parties when the railroads were built to a common gauge and spread to cover a little more than just were the owners could make money when the goverment had a hand in it.
Much of the inefficiencies are the caused by various regulation brought upon the goverment by itself. Usually catering to the extremist demands of a handful of legislators and activist just to get a project underway. You got to make parts in one particular senators state in order to get his vote, or you have to do environmental impact studies to save the Horny Spotted Newt that no one has ever heard of.
If you what more efficient goverment, limit what it can do and make sure its the same everywhere.
Yours going to want the build tunnels over them, to keep the dust from getting all over the rails.
Ok, what do we do about the acid?
Presumably your going to want to use as much carbon in your structures as possible, how does it react with acid, and what can we use to protect it and other materials?
Beside the power and the authority of the United States to lobby taxes on the people, they also have the power to generate credit internally from it own self.
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Larry
Wow that was quite a reply Larry - almost an essay
Let me make these points:
1. Government doesn't create wealth, business does - government consumes wealth.
2. Credit can and should be created by private capital sources, it isn't necessary for government to do this. Government consumes enormous quantites of credit for its own ill conceived and often useless and wasteful projects.
3. Government interferes in the economy by setting interest rates in an attempt to control the money supply and therefore the economy. This does have an effect on the supply of credit.
4. Taxation channels vast resources through government departments, this is redistributed according to the political agenda of the day - mostly inefficiently.Now some spending on space and science is IMHO a good thing because it yields enormous benefits. To repeat the question, how much should be spent considering this is all taxpayer money and some of it will be wasted?
Obviously, there a natural limit to the amount of credit the government can create before adversely effecting the currency.
If nothing else, I think its important to note that a manned presence at Venus can and should play and important role in supporting and furthering exploration.
What eventually becomes of the planet, of course remains to be seen.
No seriously though, the point of social spending would be to to share everybody's resources, for the benefit of everybody (yeah even the guys making a shit load of money) Good education, Infrastructure, Communication, R&D, Medical care..
The trouble is it doesn't work that way. In the US, the top fraction of one percent or income earners pay 40% of the taxes. The bottom 95% pay the same amount, 40%. Whats wrong with this picture? The rich do not use goverment services more than everyone else, probably the other way around.
You can't keep milking the rich like a bottomless money pit out of envy and jealously and expect them to still be here. Not unless you intend to invade the Cayman Islands.
Instead you have to admit that endless social engineering programs are a failure on the national, state/provincial, and local/city/municipal level and the governments only responsibility is that of physical infrastucture and material necessities, and not nanny state enforcement.
The best part is these costs are fixed based on population, and only grow when the taxable population does.
Speaking of Social Programs:
What do you thing of Social Program for the rich people, by the bail out of Bear Stearns by the Federal Reserve fifty billion or more and then cycled through the Federal Government as debt with interest to pay too?
That on top of another four to five billion dollars that Federal Reserve has already created out of thin air to finance those rich people gambling debt and submitted credit created to the US Government to pay with interest. Actually, I would like to see those billion air and million air eat there own bad paper instead of having the Federal Reserve generate Federal Reserve Note that we tax payers have to pay back with interest. If they don't want to pay for social programs, then we should have to pay for there gambling debt.
That sound reasonable to me.
Does that sound reasonable to you?
Larry,
At this point, we are faced with a choice of bailing them, or watching the next crash. Which is to say we don't have a whole lot of choice.
We need to segregate the instruments that maintain the integrity of our infrastructure and currency from those who would engage in such gambling. Though I don;t think we can get rid of them completely we can marginalize them to nonessential sectors of the economy.
No seriously though, the point of social spending would be to to share everybody's resources, for the benefit of everybody (yeah even the guys making a shit load of money) Good education, Infrastructure, Communication, R&D, Medical care..
The trouble is it doesn't work that way. In the US, the top fraction of one percent or income earners pay 40% of the taxes. The bottom 95% pay the same amount, 40%. Whats wrong with this picture? The rich do not use goverment services more than everyone else, probably the other way around.
You can't keep milking the rich like a bottomless money pit out of envy and jealously and expect them to still be here. Not unless you intend to invade the Cayman Islands.
Instead you have to admit that endless social engineering programs are a failure on the national, state/provincial, and local/city/municipal level and the governments only responsibility is that of physical infrastucture and material necessities, and not nanny state enforcement.
The best part is these costs are fixed based on population, and only grow when the taxable population does.
Where does rich people's money come from? Magic? Thin Air?
Actually, money is just the physical representation of labor, energy, and natural resources. In the beginning, thats all a business starts with. Eventually, they go public, and people from all walks of life throw money at them to fund everything from college to retirement to their own business, to their Learjet. Things seem to go astray at this point cause the people in charge of this money can make everything from an honest misread of the market to criminal enterprises.
The government's responsibility is to the people that elected it.
Social programs, by their very definition, enforce the will of the government upon the people, regardless of the will of the people. They breed dependance to ensure the current ruling stays in power.
There are basic infrastructure items that any modern functioning society needs. These are Transportation, health, education, energy, defense, law enforcement, agriculture and administrative needs that produce a physical product that individuals cannot produce on their own. The point is to enable people to fairly pursue their dreams.
I don't have to admit that social programs are failure because thats a load of bollocks. The education I'm receiving is paid for by the government. When I get a big fancy high paying job from that education, the government makes more than its investment back from making me pay higher taxes. Everybody wins! I'm not a greedy person, so I have no problem giving back to the society that helped me get where I am.
The only things the education process needs is information and motivation. The question is what exactly is the information being broadcast, and whether or not its motivating. Is the information actually useful in the day to day effort to stay alive. Education systems can teach you a trade that you enjoy, but what happens when that industry fails for whatever reason for whatever period of time. Are you equipped to fend for yourself? The three R's won't put food on the table and a roof over the table all by themselves. The inevitable result is public assistance, which requires funds from other people, including yourself at some point. If the academics had put more of an emphasis on teaching people how to live instead of how to make a living, there would be far less of a requirement for public assistance, and the taxes to support it, and in paying less taxes, people would be far more capable of preparing for the inevitable ups and downs of the markets.
Notice a pattern here. Paying the proper attention to the infrastructure of life makes for a freer and more durable society. Unfortunately, schools in the US are turning away from the vocational education programs in favor for more traditional academics because its thought thats where the money is. At least untill you have to pay an arm and a leg to get a plumber to plunge your toilet.
Remember, goverment in its highest form, seeks to make itself obsolete.
I think he's referring to atmospheric turbulence that could cause catastrophic levels of mechanical stress on large rigid structures.
The question remains, what is it about the Venusian atmosphere that makes it an attractive residential target for colonization?
Even if floating cities were technically possible, the real value of Venus is the planet itself. You will want to get the resources on the surface. The promise of creating a new Earth will always be the overriding objective for Venus. Solar shades and mirrors are the most effective ways of doing that.
That doesn't mean some interim concepts for floating cities are not useful, but I doubt they will ever resemble a colony. The most likely function is extracting the vital volatile gases.
While I think floating Venusian cities is not a near term solution, exploiting the atmospheric gases from orbit is an important step in inner solar system exploration.
The nice thing about it is doesn't require significantly different orbital infrastructure than it does to exploit and distribute Martian ISRU fuels, plus the additional volatile gases not found in easily exploitable and even exportable quantities on Mars, plus the the orbital mechanics that make whatever is gathered useful in Earth-Moon ops.
The trick is harvesting the stuff and returning it to orbit, which is bound to cost less that the Martian surface ops. Probably just a large tanker that fires short burst to an elliptical orbit, and then aerobrakes back to the original orbit, sucking up the soup as it goes. Then it returns to the space station to unload, were the soup is processed. Rinse and repeat.
When the time comes to go to Mars, build the space station that supports Earth-Mars transits with Martian fuel, and build two (we'll probably have one in LEO by this time). Use the first for the first transit, and leave it there. Send the second in the next couple of launch opportunities, swap out the crews, orbital and surface, return to Earth, then send it to Venusian orbit. Send a follow up cargo shot with all the different equipment, and add them there. From then on out, crews at both planets can be swapped out on much smaller, faster, cheaper ships, refueled at their destination. With 90% identical orbital hardware, we spread out the development cost, possibly reducing it by the much needed economy of scale, get more bang for our buck, and learn all about a another planet, and make future ops cheaper.
Mars opens up the asteroid belt and beyond. Venus opens up Mercury, and theres still a host of science that can be done at Venus. I'd like to see them use extracted materials to build a sun shade. How big does one have to be before you can start to see an effect the atmosphere? Over the ensuing decades a couple of these can be built that can solve the problems with Venus, we can freeze the atmosphere, and then fix the long day.
No seriously though, the point of social spending would be to to share everybody's resources, for the benefit of everybody (yeah even the guys making a shit load of money) Good education, Infrastructure, Communication, R&D, Medical care..
The trouble is it doesn't work that way. In the US, the top fraction of one percent or income earners pay 40% of the taxes. The bottom 95% pay the same amount, 40%. Whats wrong with this picture? The rich do not use goverment services more than everyone else, probably the other way around.
You can't keep milking the rich like a bottomless money pit out of envy and jealously and expect them to still be here. Not unless you intend to invade the Cayman Islands.
Instead you have to admit that endless social engineering programs are a failure on the national, state/provincial, and local/city/municipal level and the governments only responsibility is that of physical infrastucture and material necessities, and not nanny state enforcement.
The best part is these costs are fixed based on population, and only grow when the taxable population does.
Q: What do you plan to do with the space agency? Like right now they're currently underfunded, they, at first they didn't know if they were going to be able to operate Spirit rover. What do plan to do with it?
Obama: I think that, I, uh. I grew up with the space program. Most of you young people here were born during the shuttle era. I was the Apollo era. I remember, you know, watching, you know, the moon landing. I was living in Hawaii when I was growing up, so the astronauts would actually, you know, land in the Pacific and then get brought into Honolulu and it was incredible memories and incredibly inspiring. And by the way inspired a whole generation of people to get engaged in math and science in a way that we haven't - that we need to renew. So I'm a big supporter of the space program. I think it needs to be redefined, though. We've kind of lost a sense of mission in terms of what it is that NASA should be trying to achieve and I think that we've gotta make some big decisions about whether or not, are we going to try to send manned, you know, space launches, or are we better off in terms of what we're learning sending unmanned probes which oftentimes are cheaper and less dangerous, but yield more information.
And that's a major debate I'm going to want to convene when I'm president of the United States. What direction do we take the space program in? Once we have a sense of what's going to be most valuable for us in terms of gaining knowledge, then I think we'll able to adjust the budget so that we're going all out on what it is that we've decided to do.
Well theres the shining example of leadership were looking for.
Of course what he really means is he's going to piss it all away on the same intercity school programs that have worked so wonderfully before, and anyone who says otherwise is a racist, but he'll appoint someone to reject any actual advancement for humanity.
Why would I object to social spending?
Because that inevitably leads to a populous that thinks it can vote themselves the right to everyone elses stuff. That means yours. And they can.
Everyone being the keyword.
Why would everyone vote to give up more of their money when they can just take it from a minority?
If you object to costly stealth bombers and military occupations, they you will also object to even more expensive social programs that turn citizens into government dependents.
Why would I object to social spending?
Because that inevitably leads to a populous that thinks it can vote themselves the right to everyone elses stuff. That means yours. And they can.
That doesn't mean that we shouldn't aid those who can not help themselves. But the government can only keep them alive, only they can make it worth living.
Now, I'm opposed to the goverment making jobs for the sake of making jobs. We need to demand the most effective use of our money as possible. But buying stuff off the shelf overseas makes us dependent on those shelves, which are garenteed to leave us wanting and needing someday.
What on the MSL do you think is so close to the cutting edge to not be worth the risk for the overall cost?
I question the Skycrane landing mode.
As for these new missions, it a simple matter of not having enough cash to work with, and legislators who don't look beyond the next election cycle.
So you really believe those in power in Iran are interested in space exploration?
Shows promise: Soft Pneumatic Exoskeleton
You can also do this with magnesium powder and liquid oxygen, but as a monopropellant it is shock sensitive. That means magnesium/LOX will explode if you give it a good knock, but aluminum/LOX won't.
I've heard stories about folks from the ATK plant in Utah bringing home little bits of the SRB fuel and letting the kids smack them with hammers. You got to be careful get a good grip on the hammer or it will keep going when it flies back of the way it came.
Were not going to be able to build a single craft to go from Earth to the Moon for a good long time. ISRU will require bulk amounts very special elemental materials to augment what is found on the moon. Life support and agricultural needs, hydrogen(I'm assuming what is there is saved for life support), propellant, ect. By themselves its probably better to consider smaller 20ton shipments, and save the big industrial and hab launches for the bigger rockets.
Instead, what we really need is individual systems for the different environments.
1)Earth to LEO: Near term we have started on the Ares I. I think as a follow up we'll eventually have a Venturestar like spaceplane once the air force gets around to declassifying it. Short of a full fledged elevator, I think we can develop a vacuum tube to extract atmospheric gases to orbit.
2) LEO to Lunar Space: Pretty straightforward. Cargo ships fueled on either end, OX on the lunar end, H2 on the Earth end.
3) Lunar space to Surface: After the Altair, I think we'll end up with something like the Delta Chipper, extracting the bulk of its fuel by weight (ox) from the surface. Later, I think we can reduce liquid fuel use by adding solid boosters produced on the lunar surface. Later, those will be replaced by mass drivers, again only using liquid fuel for docking maneuvers.
Have we learned nothing from our mercantilist past.
Larry, how is having a national bank that funds infrastructure projects be granting credit fundamentally different from the current system. Now we borrow from private and international sources to print money, resulting in debt and a valueless currency. With a national bank won't we just be printing increasingly valueless currency?
The heart of the problem is the fact that no party in existence, at no level of government, can get elected on a platform of living within its means. No level of economic idiocy is of the table for the people who want power, and are willing to bribe people with stuff they don't have to get it.
Democracy ceases to function when you can vote yourself the right to other peoples stuff.