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#351 Re: Life support systems » Strawberry Fields Forever » 2005-02-24 02:11:57

Hmmm ... coca, eh?!   ???

    And our Cindy said that??!!  yikes

    Sheeeeshh. You think you know people.   :hm:

#352 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Heliopolis *2* - ...Sun, Solar Science Cont'd... » 2005-02-24 00:46:42

Cindy: "*Methinks thou art being mysterious or clever .."
    Maybe mysterious but certainly not clever.
    One can't be mystified by something one didn't even know existed!   big_smile

    "That looks weirdyikes "
    Hmmm, looks ill-mannered to me. Now if I'd caught my kids spitting like that ...   :rant:

#353 Re: Not So Free Chat » Apropos of Nothing *4* » 2005-02-23 23:18:12

Cindy:-

Maybe cats can understand our language, because the second I returned from the grocery store and got out of the car they ran (or rather galloped) straight for the car, straight at me, meowing very loudly and staring at the grocery bag.  They were practically jumping in the air at the bag.  (My father-in-law never bought them items in bags from the grocery, nor anyone else -- even he was surprised).

    Just one more example of the kind of "things that make you go Hmmm", those inexplicable things that make me think there's a lot more going on than can easily be explained by the science I hold in such high regard.
    Apparently people noticed the lack of dead animals after the recent Asian tsunami - they'd all moved to higher ground while the humans remained completely unaware of the destruction that was bearing down on them. In one place (was it Sri Lanka?), the elephants all headed away from the coast in a hurry, using their trunks to scoop up as many people as they could onto their backs.
    Hmmm! .. "There are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy"!!   ???   smile

#354 Re: Not So Free Chat » Apropos of Nothing *4* » 2005-02-23 22:45:55

'Petals around the rose'.
    More by luck than judgment, no doubt, I thought of the correct interpretation of the phrase immediately. But, because of the perverse and contrary way my mind works, I tried two other possibilities first!
    Realizing those two trial-and-errors were producing .. surprise, surprise .. errors(! ), I then went back to my first thought, which worked.

    I suppose a good psychiatrist would be able to solve all my problems just from the above information about how my brain works ( ... all right, all right .. doesn't work!   tongue  )

#355 Re: Life support systems » Strawberry Fields Forever » 2005-02-23 22:21:54

Back off topic:

Cindy quote:- "(Tsk, tsk Shaun...you having been a teenager in '60s swinging London and all...<shakes head sadly>)"

    I've only just realized the third digit in '1955' on my Birth Certificate should have read '6'. It was just a typo, a silly error!
    You believe me, don't you Rik? .. Cindy?
    Aww, come on guys - don't turn away like that .. <sob sob>   sad

#356 Re: Water on Mars » A huge, frozen sea lies just below the surface of » 2005-02-23 18:20:13

Very good points, as usual, Rob.   :up:
    The sublimation problem's been nagging away at my subconscious, as well, but you've put it into words all too clearly!

    As a biased pro-water enthusiast(! ),the best defence I can offer for the existence of this frozen sea is the fact that Michael Carr finds it plausible!   big_smile
    If he thinks it's possible, ...   smile

#357 Re: Terraformation » Mars Needs Nitrogen » 2005-02-23 18:08:11

Chat's right that we don't need more nitrogen if we're only talking colonies. We only need large quantities of a buffer gas like nitrogen if we're looking to create a breathable atmosphere at some stage in the future.
    We may be able to produce a 200 or 300 millibar oxygen atmosphere on Mars because there's plenty of oxygen available but, at that low pressure, we've been told dessication of our eyes, nasal passages and lungs becomes a problem. It's likely that we'll need about 500 millibars of pressure - ideally 200 millibars partial pressure of O2 and 300 millibars partial pressure of N2.

    Chat, I don't think warming Mars will produce any nitrogen gas on its own. The temperatures on Mars don't get low enough to even liquify nitrogen, let alone freeze it. And everybody talks about CO2 adsorbed onto regolith granules and being released by warming the planet but nobody talks about N2 being similarly adsorbed. It seems that if there's nitrogen on Mars in bulk, it'll have to be in chemically-bound form, which brings us back to nitrates.

    There seems to be little information available anywhere about Earth's nitrate beds and where they came from. As far as I can tell, these beds were created either by nitrogen-fixing bacteria or by the action of lightning on the N2 in the atmosphere, which creates nitrogen compounds. This lack of readily available information about nitrates may stem from a general uncertainty, even among the experts, as to their true origin.
    But the dearth of information about terrestrial nitrates pales into insignificance by comparison with the complete absence of any information about nitrates on Mars!
    People like Dr. Zubrin talk breezily about probable Martian nitrate beds but, to the best of my knowledge, there's no data at all to back up their rhetoric.

    The apparent shortage of nitrogen on Mars is potentially a show-stopper for terraforming and I can't see any realistic prospect of importing it from other planets.
    I'm surprised that this serious nitrogen problem isn't discussed more often than it is.   ???

#358 Re: Water on Mars » A huge, frozen sea lies just below the surface of » 2005-02-23 16:36:45

Bill:-

How much would it cost to send a hardened alloy "masonry nail" to impact in the middle of this frozen sea?  No heat shield, no parachutes, just slam 50 kg into the ice and take pictures from orbit.

    Interesting idea.

    I was reading somewhere that it's possible the Mars Express radar won't pick up water-ice right there on the surface, unless the ice is thick and deep enough. I think they said something about the radar being designed for deeper detection - kilometres rather than metres(?).

    If that proves to be correct (hope not! ), then Bill's cheap and nasty "masonry nail", funded by the World Wrestling Federation, might be the way to go!  big_smile

#359 Re: Life support systems » Strawberry Fields Forever » 2005-02-23 16:21:44

Rik:-

(You can always count on me to be the 'no flowers allowed in *my* ship, you steenkin' hippies!' pain in the posterior!  big_smile )

     :laugh:

#360 Re: Unmanned probes » Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) » 2005-02-23 16:18:34

Yes, I remember your detailed analyses of granular behaviour some time back, CM. (I can't quite recall in what context now, though. Was it the blueberries?) You obviously put a great deal of thought into it and I believe it was very much in the same vein as this link you've provided.
    Maybe you missed your vocation!   smile

#361 Re: Life support systems » Strawberry Fields Forever » 2005-02-23 07:42:41

"Once they leave and are a few million miles away from Earth, anything they bring from home is going to have a huge psychological effect. For years, plants have been used as therapy," says Jeff Richards, a plant physiologist with Dynamac Corp.

"Being able to complete their tasks and then have a few hours (or minutes) to sit back and smell the aroma of fresh grown plants, smell the aroma of growing strawberries, work with them and talk with them, the benefits are just immeasurable."

    Yep!  I think the psychological effect would be as important as anything else.
    A good idea all round.  smile

[I suppose grapes are out of the question?   ???   tongue  ]

#362 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Heliopolis *2* - ...Sun, Solar Science Cont'd... » 2005-02-23 07:31:37

Well, those 'tadpoles' were never a mystery to me at all.  cool

    I'll leave it to you to figure out why not!  tongue   big_smile
[I'm not mocking by the way; just admitting one more aspect of my ignorance.]

    What really caught my eye was the little white Earth included in the picture for size-comparison purposes ... it makes you stop and think, doesn't it?!  yikes

#363 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Ancient Nuclear Reactors » 2005-02-23 07:19:50

Cindy:-

Would be interesting to get more info on how these natural NR's behaved, etc.  ::shrugs::  I don't recall having heard of this news item (now decades old) before.

    I've seen one or two websites over the years which deal with these natural fission reactors. It's fascinating stuff.  smile

    I found http://www.curtin.edu.au/curtin/centre/ … .html]THIS SITE, which happens to be Australian (  :up:  :;):  ), and I think it's quite informative. Thought you might like to take a look at it.

#364 Re: Not So Free Chat » Apropos of Nothing *4* » 2005-02-23 07:02:10

I only just realized your cat has vanished, Cindy.
    I'd like to second what CC said: "Hope the cat turns up soon and in good health."
    I know what it's like to lose a well-loved pet and I know it's painful. Very sorry to hear it.   sad

#365 Re: Unmanned probes » Mars Express (MEX) - ESA orbiter » 2005-02-23 01:40:12

A great article with great pictures!  smile  Thanks, Cindy.
    It occurred to me that the colourful topographic map of Elysium Planitia, with the little white square (LWS) on it, might be open to a misinterpretation of scale, though.

    My initial reaction to the LWS was to imagine that it represented the estimated extent of the frozen sea. However, on second thoughts, I realized the frozen sea is actually bigger than the LWS.
    At the equator, 10 degrees of longitude correspond, conveniently in this case, to about 890 kms. The LWS appears to be only about 160 kms on a side.
    So, the actual area of the frozen sea is more like 10 degrees x 10 degrees on that map, or some 30 times the area of the LWS.
                                                 smile
[Just in case anybody was confused .. like me! ]

#366 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » Ancient Nuclear Reactors » 2005-02-22 21:36:30

I don't think we really know, Ian, just how much uranium exists in the crusts of the other rocky planets - except by extrapolating from known terrestrial concentrations.   ???

    By the by, according to a Dr. J. Marvin Herndon, the planets have accumulations of uranium in their cores. He maintains that these accumulations are some kilometres in diameter and actually undergo intermittent fission, producing energy.

    There's a very interesting recent article at http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.c … 5.DTL]THIS SITE, which mentions attempts to conduct an experiment to prove or disprove Dr. Herndon's hypothesis.

    I was sad to learn that Dr. Herndon has now abandoned scientific research because his work doesn't agree with the mainstream of geophysics and he feels he has been largely ostracized by the scientific community.

Iconoclastic scientists often have trouble getting their papers published in scientific literature. Herndon "is no exception," he acknowledges. "I live in a strange world where I go against a strong establishment that pretends I don't exist." NASA has turned down Herndon's applications for research funding, he says.

    And this:-

He draws unhappy conclusions from his bumpy scientific career. Had his two sons -- now physicians -- planned to become scientists, he says, "I would have steered them away from it because you can't make a living and do legitimate science; you have to 'howl with the wolves' or you don't survive. This is a sad testament to our times. There's something very wrong in American science."

    This strikes a chord with me because of a similar situation that I believe has affected the career of a Dr. Gilbert Levin, who designed the Labeled Release Experiment (LRE) for the Viking probes. He maintains to this day that his experiment discovered microbial activity in the Martian soil but the scientific community decried his results on the grounds that the Martian regolith has no organic material in it. This conclusion was based on the since discredited results of the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) readings, which were taken at the same time.

    Although the results of the GCMS have never been officially refuted, as they should have been, NASA is now sending the Mars Science Laboratory to Mars in 2009 to find and analyze the very carbon compounds it says don't exist!

    The scientific establishment is an interesting beast, don't you think?   ???

#367 Re: Unmanned probes » Cassini-Huygens III - Continued from previous » 2005-02-22 21:14:36

Doug:-

Oh, my genuine desires w.r.t. Hoagland involve heavy artilery, pointy things, and a very hungry tiger.
Doug

     big_smile  That's more like it!!

#368 Re: Water on Mars » A huge, frozen sea lies just below the surface of » 2005-02-22 05:50:56

So, what's the plan?
    Land the first cargo shipment on the shoreline of this frozen sea, including a 100 kWe nuclear reactor, a drill, and plenty of pipe. The first crew can then use the reactor's waste heat to melt many thousands of litres of water and electrolyze some of it to obtain hydrogen and oxygen.

    The Mars Direct plan to bring tonnes of cryogenically stored hydrogen, as feedstock for in-situ fuel production, is no longer necessary - at least after the first expedition.
    We can even reduce the water budget for the trip, provide plenty of water for bathing, drinking, and raising crops, and produce high-Isp hydrogen/oxygen propellant for the return journey instead of lower-Isp methane/oxygen.

    Hell, we can even have a swimming pool and a fish-farm for the astronauts - all the comforts of home!!
                                                       smile
[Assuming this really is a frozen sea, that is!   :;):  ]

#369 Re: Unmanned probes » Cassini-Huygens III - Continued from previous » 2005-02-22 05:05:03

Doug, you've got to stop holding everything back the way you do.
    It's important that you learn to say what you feel; repression is just so damaging.   :bars2:

    Let it out, Doug .... let it all out!!   :;):    big_smile

#370 Re: Civilization and Culture » Attire - -or-:  What to wear on Mars, baby! » 2005-02-22 02:22:09

By the time we get to the stage CC mentions, with living skinsuits technologically possible, maybe we'd do better to genetically engineer our own skin to cope with Martian conditions.   ???

    Such skin would need much stronger elastin, thicker subcutaneous fat for thermal insulation, better-sealing sweat glands, and a thicker, scalier, stratified, squamous epithelial, outer cell layer - perhaps even reptilian in texture.
    Our sphincters would need to be stronger and we could even engineer protective nictitating membranes for our eyes.

    Then, all we'd need to go 'outside' would be a strap on rebreather with mouthpiece. Simple!   smile

#371 Re: Water on Mars » A huge, frozen sea lies just below the surface of » 2005-02-21 22:37:42

Hi Scnigey!

    The place being described is about 800 x 900 km in area, which is about the size of Earth's North Sea. It's big but not that big, by comparison with Mars' total surface area.

    So far, we haven't sent any rovers to this region and, depending on the depth of the volcanic ash on the surface, we mightn't have detected this hypothetical ice even if we had. Some of the sections of what appears to be dirty pack-ice are very large. If Spirit or Opportunity had landed in the middle of one of the larger sections, on an ash layer 500 mm thick, say, even the wheel-spinning trick used to dig holes wouldn't have revealed the sea ice underneath. To that extent, our rovers are rather limited - they can't really dig very well and they can't drill.
    On the other hand, if one of the MERs had actually landed on this 'frozen sea', someone probably would have noticed the area's resemblance to terrestrial pack-ice sooner.

    As for the satellites currently photographing Mars' surface, we've received so much data it's going to take a long time to analyze it all. It's really not surprising that things like this can suddenly turn up out of all that data and I'm sure this isn't the last time we'll be stunned by unexpected news.
    The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, due for launch this August, will only add to the flood of information because its cameras have unprecedented resolution - down to about 300 mm, I believe.

    These are exciting times!   :up:   smile

#372 Re: Water on Mars » A huge, frozen sea lies just below the surface of » 2005-02-21 18:41:39

Here's http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc20 … 41.pdf]THE LINK.
[Ooops! Sorry. Just repeating what No Life linked already. Guess I'm over-excited!]
    No life on Mars linked it for us over at 'Mars Express' in 'Unmanned Probes' a couple of days ago. (Well spotted, No Life! ) It's the best news we've had in a long time.
    The pictures comparing Antarctic pack-ice with the purported frozen sea on Mars are very persuasive on their own.   :up:   smile

#373 Re: Terraformation » Comet Crashing » 2005-02-21 08:18:40

It doesn't sound big enough.   ???

#374 Re: Unmanned probes » Cassini-Huygens III - Continued from previous » 2005-02-21 08:11:31

Graeme:-

.. when would you have a manufactured moon with irregular cratering on it? ..

    Well, exactly!
    Evidently, according to Richard Hoagland, the artificial moon was steered into orbit around Saturn billions of years ago, before the end of the major cratering epochs of the early Solar System.
    This creates many questions. Who built it? Where did they come from? Why did they choose to settle in a dangerous and unstable young star system, where enormous chunks of rock were careering around in all directions? Why choose a frozen gas giant like Saturn instead of one of the more amenable, rocky inner planets? How did they tolerate the incredible noise and vibration of impactors smashing into the hull of their vessel? Where are the builders of this massive object now?

    This is usually the trouble with R.H.'s amazing hypotheses; when you look for background logic, 10 times out of 9 there isn't any. His revelations, while often intricately constructed in themselves, have to stand alone, without a corroborating evidential framework of any kind.
    I'm on record as finding the human/leonine features of the Face on Mars intriguing, especially since Hoagland predicted that duality before the later images were released. But that certainly doesn't mean I think the mesa was deliberately carved by alien intelligences. It's just an intriguing shape, that's all - at least to me personally.
    But the Face on Mars is it! That's all there is. There are no roads, no 'other buildings', no other corroborating mega-structures which might provide support to the 'alien civilization' theory. And, in general, the better the imaging resolution, the less artificial-looking R.H.'s structures start to appear.

    No. I don't have much time for Mr. Hoagland's fantasies. I just thought I'd show whoever might be interested what he's been up to lately and how much effort he puts into these things. I think it's good entertainment value!   smile

#375 Re: Human missions » .Colonizing Mars and the Asteroid Belt - Mars and Asteroids andPossiblecollisions » 2005-02-21 07:23:36

Cindy:-

*Is such a thing even possible to begin with?   ???

    I have my doubts.
    But I suppose it depends on the shape of the hole. If the hole is a regular cylinder, i.e. with walls that go straight up and down, it's hard to imagine it being stable; I think the possibility of cave-ins would be a constant cause for concern. Also, there's the problem of logistics - you'd need strong cables to haul the dirt out when you got down toward your target depth.

    A safer shape would be a truncated cone, with walls at, say, 35 degrees - or whatever the 'Angle of Repose' of dirt on Mars turns out to be. The Angle of Repose is the maximum  angle of slope of a pile of dirt or sand (or whatever), beyond which it spontaneously slides. But then, the volume of crustal material you'd have to remove to dig such a hole would be very large, even if the bottom of your cone came to a point - i.e. no flat area to move around on.
    I calculate that the absolute minimum amount of material you would have to remove would be 194,646 cubic kilometres (or 46,698 cubic miles) ...
    .. That's a lotta dirt!!   tongue

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