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How does only sending males help???
I voted for married couples, but then I also vote for one way trips.
You could send them one at a time... but....
ANYWAY... Nasa is totally control freaked out. They treat Astronauts like advanced rovers instead of adventurers. NASA would send Androids if they had them. They just do not like humans... they're to messy.
Okay...
Its got to be mostly women. Maybe all. And you definitely don't want everybody pregnant at the same time.
Also artifical insemination does not rule out sex, you just sterilise the males.
Best bet for variation is to have 10,000 sperm samples.
Also you definitley do not want to put all your eggs in one basket.
One meteorite in the wrong place... some idiot pulls the wrong lever...
Pre-organised government will be a joke. It will end up like some tragic mega-huge version of Survivor.
Or Lord of the Flies.
If you can't stop a plane with overflight rights how in the world do you plan to stop a rocket?
Thing is the rocket attack could only be used once and then the U.S. would go beserk and ban all the space flight it could, everywhere.
Think of a non-American X Prizer selling rocket systems to all the governments in Africa for dirt cheap as a way to kick start their leap into space.
I think it could lead to global-government really fast actually. Either the U.S. has to own everybody, or allow the U.N. to.
Global borders just go all to phooey.
You don't even have to make full orbital. Take of in Mexico heading for "Canada" and make a quick stop in Washington...
Basically I don't think countries want to play MAD with nutter trigger happy Presidents. Terrorists want to invoke terror, not just kill people. Rockets are not their style and are a lot harder to hide than a few pounds of C4 in a bag on a bus.
Although Bruce Simpson in New Zealand proved you could build a rudimentary cruise missle (supersonic, ground hugging) for only $5000.
Someone would have to show significant benefit to a terrorist to go to all the effort to build a raft of ICBMs (to beat SDI).
Cuz that is hard and expensive and really hot potato.
However it might be the only way to deliver a decent nuke (if you aquired a nuke you will have no trouble building ICBMS).
You would have to have a really good aerosol to deploy a Biological. A infected suicide could cross the border far more easily.
If you had a bunch of nerve gas... your missle would have to be really really accurate.
It would have to be a nuke and you would have to really believe you couldn't smuggle it into the country.
Otherwise there is no motivation for anyone to build an offensive capable RLV (or EEELV) other than for profit.
Why does China want to join in with the ISS. Everybody else want to kill it but nobody wants to say it.
Its really the last vestige of international good will that grew as a balance to the cold-war.
I think most of the international goodwill has ben burnt through. Going it alone seem to be the flavour of the day.
The Chinese would stand to gain a lot of tech and space station design, but the ISS is flawed and dated anyway.
Oh well.
um...
For the first ten years your personal space will be limited to a few domes and a bunch of tunnels.
You won't be building a homestead and riding horse back for miles. Life will really really be quite crappy.
Its for the sort of people who become monks, climb mountains or do deep sea diving.
So said billionaire has to believe in a cause. AND he has to be really bored of being a billionaire.
Kerry won't so much get elected as Bush will get un-elected.
Finding somewhere else to spend money stimulates the economy.
If the admin can kill the shuttle and the ISS fast, then NASA has nothing else to spend money one. They can't very well fire everybody either.
I would go one way... with untested equipment to. But then I am a nutter.
And if you don't mind only lasting a few years then its cheaper than even mars direct.
No govt would ever pay for it though.
Mars means war right? sort of...?
oh dear.
Assuming transport costs are the same, why would you test Mars hardware on the moon? Why would you send something that needs testing of the planet? If you need to rely on it and you can't trust it, the you can't leave leo in it.
If you don't need to rely on it, then why wwaste a whole mission testing it? Take it to mars and if it works, it works, and if it doesn't, hey spare parts!
How are you going to assemble things in orbit? Metals and advanced composites don't join themselves together you know.
Duct tape bro! Rivets work a joy to. Once it is in orbit, weight is not such a bad thing.
I think you want to build a space staion (not involving the shuttle) for living space, with long tunnels radiating out from it. Around this you need a load bearing truss to support the yards.
The Yards should be Monster Geodesics... Aluminum or graphite tube frame skinned with the engineering flavour of the month. Start with two, each 50 metres across. Or perhaps the second one should be 75m or 100m.
And I dunno if the could be pressurised to a full atmosphere... Thats a lot of gas to pump in and out.
Anything other than a sphere gets really hard/heavy to build. Also Geodesics can be easily hinged really wide (if you understand the principles right).
The hard bit is going to be pushing it around without any really decent axis...
If it fails on the Moon, how is that different to it failing on Mars? If it fails on the moon then you have taken precatuions to deal with that eventuality. Why not take the same precautions on MARS?!?!?!
If you are testing structures then a pass on the moon means nothing. It means the structure can handle half the gravity that it needs to.
If you REALLY need a true vacuum to test (and double external pressure won't work for some reason) then test the technology in LEO.
Nearly everything can be rated for Mars while still on Earth.
BTW how did we get away form hanging out in the ISS?
Could Artificial gravity be testing in something like a hardcore carnival ride?
What if you built one of them high speed donuts that generate 3g's and engineered it to run continuously for 1-6 months. Put a dood in it and viola... you know how badly their ears freak out.
And you didn't spend 800 million doing it.
NASA is a way for the American Government to pump 15 Billion into the economy each year without appear to be "welfare stating". That 15 Billion would just go to the army or some such, but it has to go somewhere that doesn't look like welfare. How many people are employed by Nasa and its contractors. Those paid people have families and they put all that money into buying houses, cars, food, medicine etc. without the stigma of getting govt. "handouts".
That money needs to be spent. However in the late 70's it was decided that Nasa couldn't get to Mars with that little, so we have the ISS - Space Shuttle combo.
However now opinoin has shifted, but for the moment Nasa is saddled with the Shuttle-ISS. Bush appears to be working hard to make the wholesale dumping of both acceptable and rationale.
Nasa neede to idle for 20 years.... unfotunately the only option open to it was to idle for 35.
at 250 people in a colony what is "a mandate to govern".
The mandate is approved by military and police so that they know who is the legit faction.
At 250 you can still have a a colony wide referendum on every little thing at meal times.
Is the "govenrment" going to collect taxes?
I think you are going to end up with one (elected) dude who settles disputes and worries about external relations (and stopping people firing high speed projectiles) and little else.
Nearly every thing is going to take care of itself or will be resolvable without "legislation".
Thats mostly stuff out of the clunking to Mars thread.
I don't see why you would test stuff on the moon, rather than Mars?
If something break you are still along way from Earth. Wouldn't you test it by re-entering and landing in Antartica or Australia?
I think we are highlighting a split in two schools of thought.
I can see going out and around the moon once and back, doing an "Earth direct" as a good way of testing Mars Direct hardware. However how many time will you test the Hardware?
Exploration is not an iterative process. You go as far as you can, as fast as you can. Currently we are doing that with rovers.
Research, is go a bit, come home, learn, go a bit further ... etc.
I am in the school of old style explorers I guess. Nasa is charged with doing research. If I had been in Apollo 10, I would have never made it home... I would probably have died on the surface.
Canadian Arrows vehicle can make 250kms at design spec if the engine was tweaked and the fuel mix maxed out.
If it had an alternate payload and second stage it would be within range of putting something in a funky orbit.
Still to go would be stable controlled orbits and getting stuff back, But I don't think thats a magnitude, just a whole third step roughly equivalent to getting one stage going, or a second stage.
Magnitudes is building a rocket plane than can do manned orbit and be reusable. That stuff is hard.
Cost the same to launch as Apollo 11, and 8. Slightly more than eight, adding the cost of the lcm.
It was justifible during the 60's especially when 11 would fly only two months later.
It is a really expensive way of doing things though.
Um... Both Sputnik and Explorer 1 were launched on craft which were derived from X-Prize class vehicles. The Jupiter C's and R-7's are not that different from Starchaser and Canadian Arrow work.
I think an Orbital project would be built from a Sub-orbital project for less than fifty mil. That said, a company that was well managed could make that off of their SO flights. Poof! No investors needed.
From Astro:
Sputnik 1 had 1 watt of power, producing an 0.4 second duration signal on the 7 and 15 m bands. Four antennae were deployed at 35 degree angles. Power was provided by three silver-zinc batteries. Thermo-regulation was by a ventilator. The 580 mm sphere had a mass of 83 kg and was made of highly polished Aluminium AMG6T alloy 2 mm thick. It was built without drawings due to the quick time schedule
Personally I think it should be run through the U.N.
Now I don't like the U.N. at all, but I think everybody would be more realistic about what to expect. Also it would open a lot of the tech to being public domain, allow a lot wider international support and it would draw funding from the general budget.
But it does need a charter other than "build a generic piece of space hardware".
I would vote, for example, A monster Space Station (think star trek huge), a heavy lift eelv, and an eelv passenger ship (20 peeps) on top of a fully reusable booster. Then begin cycling university students etc from all over the world. That is a concept that could justify 100 Billion dollars being spent on it.
The launch vehicles are not great, but if they aree to be built on PD hardware then they can't be NASA bleeding edge, eh Eric.
I just think something has to be at least slightly visionary to gain universal steam.
As I recall Mars Direct is designed to survive the tether braking and recover from the spin.
So if spinning fails so what, you still get to mars in six months.
You test it on mice and you get odd results... so you test it on monkeys...
15 years later your funding gets cut.
Can you imagine doing an apollo 10 to Mars? At Mars with all the equipment to land and live for two years... but no wait. We are going to ABORT just to check that we CAN.
Apollo style incremental stuff just won't work with Mars. It is way to long between runs. You just design it so that stuff like artifical gravity is really neat but not crucial, and so that the mission will survive it failing.
To expand on this... Maybe two years in deep space is really really bad. Lets assume that. Now the astronaut who discovers this may only discover this and wind up in a wheel chair for the remaining months of his life. period. Or he/she may get to walk on Mars then come back and die. Would you rather discover the bad news with no reward?
If you modified it substantialy then you need to re-estimate where the center of mass is. To have something worth moving it would need at least 100t of additions which brings it all into the 300-400 tonne range. So you would have to hoist a truly massive booster up there. Perhaps the shuttle could lift two 60 tonne pre-fueled engines...
The ISS has or will have a walloping great truss, and a lot of "structure" that lends itself to being tacked on to.
What if the space shuttles all took their last flights one way to the Station!!!! Each with 60 tonnes of supplies or what not after the booters had been attached to the truss.
Next with all the shuttles attached, the whole jallopy could head off to mars... The hulk could be crash landed with the shuttles coming in one at a time after, for the mother of all sequential controlled crashes. If you picked somewhere really flat and rovers left the hulk to set up as radio beacons to guide the shuttles in... that would be ~15+ air locks and huge amounts of pressurisable living areas. Also thats a lot of rockets engines and spares. Like 12 SSME's a bunch of oms's.
Now if those extra boosters had been methane combatible, and one of the had survied then it would be entirley possible to return after say, four years leaving behind a significant installation (especially if ISS modules had been buried by the crew).
Its better than sending the shuttles out for recycling... Or becoming garden sheds in houston...
Boy, was I grumpy when I posted that!
If I am disgruntled about something it's living in a nuke testing/dumping site... but anyway, radioactive water under the bridge.
Back on topic, the ISP seems to be full of happy glowwy buzz-words like "symbiotic". Terms are included like civil government but military is excluded. It all seems a little to Saganesque to really work.
They have to many goals going in to many different directions. It all ends up looking like pre-GWB Nasa.
Maybe if it was just Operating and supporting the biggest space stations possible, or just point to point transfer, or just planetary exploration.
As an organization, I can understand Artemis or the Mars Society, or the Planetary society. NASA only just stopped playing hydra and is busy chopping off all the spare heads.
I just don't think that building a space craft is a useful mission. I you just aim at build a RLV you will end up with the Space Shuttle and all the stupid design flaws that come with it. The Space Shuttle is so design compromised that they had to design a design compromised ISS just to give it something to do.
For one thing, people should not fly with payloads. Design an economic heavy lift with 100 tonnes that may or may not be entirley reusable. Design a fast safe people transport, whose total mass is as low as possible. Yeah it should be a single stage but if you turned out a two stager in which the first stage had a 10 minute turnaround and the top was "expendable/refurbishable" that would be an immense step forward too.
Is your goal a quantifed physical thing, or is it to promote warm fuzzy global hugginess?
All the strains would be placed on module interconnects. A much greater super structure would have to be weld on around it.
Skylab was awesome simply because it was so BIG in one piece. Before you went to large modules again we would be a lot better of with a really heavy lift Booster.
With the soyuz, or perhaps six new modules bundled together, they could actually seperate right before attempting to land individually.
The big plus of a conglomerate of independent modules is that if something explode (ala. Apollo 13) or a given unit begins thrusting out of control, then it can be cut loose, or just manhandled by the rest of the craft.
Most plans tend to be to high tech. Worrying about minimising launch weights etc. We should be developing techniques to make on orbit welding common place.
I just seems... if you spend $5 Billion on a space craft it doesn't have to look like $5 billion on the inside, or even on the outside.
We need EVA's that don't have every finger movement published in a "manual" three years ahead of schedule. Nasa treats its astronauts like highly mobile rovers.
If we were more prepared to just tack stuff together, in happy go lucky ways, more money could be spent on quantity of hardware. When a station gets really big it gets harder to actually "kill". A meteor goes flying through the middle of the station, so you seal it off fast and work around it.
The Russians have a really good grasp of this but not enough money to keep launch stuff. There was a fire aboard Mir, right. They didn't shut down space exploration for five years while they figured out who to fire from the RSA so that fires would never occur again.
Hardware needs to be survivable not "perfect". I needs to be able to totally fail, to explode, to crash land, and still work.
This sounds a lot like pencils vs. space pens but it really is important. If the ISS loses another gyro (or two) it could be in real trouble. If Nasa really intends to kill the Shuttle, there is no back up. And Australia gets a donation of 200 tonnes of flaming wreckage.
Its odd that they can't borrow a gyro from another spacecraft and hotwire it. Flog one from a satellite or Soyuz...
Perhaps they should let the airforce design it. The Army overengineers everything. Is a wonderful asset when you rely on the hardware to get actual stuff done. </rant>
I dunno. Maybe it the body would respond better than it does to wieghtlessness. Under those conditions you go nauseous until your brain switches your sense of balance of entirely (or just ignores it compeletly. It can take days for a returned astronauts brain to start listening to the inner ear again, so for that time period they are a bit of a danger to themselves.
If subjected to corolis perhaps you will feel nauseous when ever you turn you head sharply, but perhaps you brain will eventually filter those sensations as "garbage" because they don't corroborate the other senses.
Because you feel those sensations so little on earth it may take an extended period for your brain to trust those singals from your inner ear.
But could it really be worse than having no sense of balance at all?