For Mars the SHARAD (Shallow Radar) looks for liquid or frozen water in the first few hundreds of feet (up to 1 kilometer) of Mars' crust. SHARAD probes the subsurface using radar waves within a 15- to 25-megahertz frequency band to get the desired, high-depth resolution.
This is looking at the water molecule's ability to absorb the energy and show that it's been excited as it does in a microwave oven.
So, is the radiation getting to the surface to deposit ions of Hydrogen since that would break down the oxide on its surface?
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover monitors the natural radiation environment at the surface of Mars. It can see the radiation from two sources, galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles.
Curiosity's Russian-made instrument is named Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons, or DAN is for checking hydration levels in the ground beneath the rover detected an unusually high amount at a site near "Marias Pass," prompting repeated passes over the area to map the hydrogen amounts. The hydrogen detected by DAN is interpreted as water molecules or hydroxyl ions bound within minerals or water absorbed onto minerals in the rocks and soil, to a depth of about 3 feet (1 meter) beneath the rover. The amount of hydrogen is often expressed as "water equivalent hydrogen" based on two hydrogen atoms per molecule of water.
]]>Done.
]]>https://www.thesciencemag.com/2022/08/s … d-for.html
A magnet that took years to produce at the Stable High Magnetic Field Facility (SHMFF) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has a steady magnetic field of 45.22 tesla, which is thousands of times stronger than the typical souvenir fridge magnet.
]]>We had a member suggesting to use super conductors wrapped around the planet and not only do we not have the means for the cable even long term we have not the power capability to make it this way. The reason for the near no loss cable is the heat drop across a regular cable would leave little energy within it to produce much of a field as its resistivity losses.
We are better off making a 3 wire power grid that is fed by solar to allow for power draw to produce the field. Use the center wire as the common for both sides but the power is draw in one direction versus the other as the wire stops for the 2 outside conductors so as to not have a loop while the center is continuous. Make the break in the outer 2 cables opposite of each other. Load fluctuations would be seen as ac for the setup making the field pulse.
]]>In short term, space deflectors could be the least expensive solution, but in long term, it requires constant maintainance, so it should be best to find some ground solution.
I guess restarting the core is just beyond our capabilities not only now but on millennia scale, and the resources invested is just so crazy that it makes undesirable. But maybe we could do the trick if we could magnetized bit chucks of the crush with ferromagnetic deposits in a very specific alignment so the combination of the fields could approximate to a core-like planetary magnetic field.
Welcome back Spaniard!
The Martian regolith contains a lot of iron (II) and iron (III) oxides. This is suggestive of a large magnesite deposits in the crust. If we apply a driving magnetic field using, say, a conducting cable wrapped around the equator, magnetic domains in ferromagnetic materials should line up. Maybe another option (on Mars) is to build towers around the equator, that extend into the lower ionosphere. We could then run current through the ionosphere, between the towers. This would create a global magnetic field.
I am not sure which option would be more difficult. But I suspect that a buried aluminium conducting loop would be easier to build than a series of 100km high towers. Assuming that it is built around the equator, it would have a circumference of 20,000km. We could build this system up gradually, beginning with a single thin aluminium cable and adding more loops over time.
]]>I guess restarting the core is just beyond our capabilities not only now but on millennia scale, and the resources invested is just so crazy that it makes undesirable. But maybe we could do the trick if we could magnetized bit chucks of the crush with ferromagnetic deposits in a very specific alignment so the combination of the fields could approximate to a core-like planetary magnetic field.
]]>]]>
Scientists Consider Creating Magnetic Field Around Mars so We Can Colonize the Red Planet
This solution would involve the creation of an artificial ring of charged particles around the planet, possibly by ionizing matter on the surface of one of Mars' moon's, Phobos. Ionization refers to the process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion—one that has a positive or negative electric charges as a result of having lost or gained one ore more electrons.
After the matter from Phobos' surface has been ionized, these charged particles would then be accelerated to create a ring-shaped cloud of ions around Mars. A similar, naturally occurring effect has been observed at Jupiter's moon Io.
Core of Mars is shockingly big, NASA’s InSight mission reveals
https://sputniknews.com/us/202107231083 … lten-core/
https://www.reddit.com/user/inficoreal/ … s_insight/
https://hypebeast.com/2021/7/nasa-insig … s-revealed
Perhaps the core does not have convection in the way Earth does.
You can look at two types of lakes.
A fresh water lake will turn over in spring and fall as the top water may become heavier than the bottom water.
However a brine lake such as in Antarctica, may not turn over due to salt layers stratifications.
I have wondered if the same stratification could have occurred for the Martian core.
If that were true, then it is possible that Mars has retained more heat than expected. However it might just be that the liquid of the core of Mars is of a nature
that it can be liquid at cooler temperatures than that of Earth. So, of course I don't know if it is stratification or a cooler liquid.
But no magnetic field I guess.
Done.
]]>One long term option though: if we terraform Mars and raise its surface temperature, geothermal heat flux will decline due to diminished temperature difference. That is basic Fourier's law. Radioactive decay in the core and mantle would gradually raise its temperature until heat flux is restored, at a slightly higher core temperature. But we are talking small increases in temperature, over a time frame of millions of years. I cannot see any realistic way of directly heating the core.
]]>It is good to see your ideas picked up and developed.
Can your suggestion for disposal of radioactive waste work equally well if the Sun is the destination?
I don't know the answer, but perhaps it is readily available ... Is the energy cost of deceleration to drop a load into the Sun greater or less than the energy cost of acceleration to Mars?
One thing seems certain. The energy cost of lifting a load of radioactive waste to orbit will be in competition with other payloads that might have more immediate value.
Can you justify lifting radioactive waste from Earth instead of people or supplies for their activities?
That would be a good exercise of weighing relative values, in any case.
(th)
]]>It seems my post #120 help bring more attention to celestial body's atmosphere than magnetosphere. Could nuclear waste from the Earth be dumped onto the Martian core to generate heat and help remelt the core? The Martian gains a giant income source as the dumping site of radioactive waste.
]]>(th), If you look at the videos in the topic "World Rings", there are teachings
about space thethers. It is felt by some that for Mars it would not be that hard
to use tethers to assist the trasfer of mass from Martian surface to orbits. These
, it is hoped, would give a more sudden exchange of position and speed to an object
to manipulate. They could be attached directly to Phobos and use it's stored orbital
energy to lift objects, if not directly from the Martian surface at least from a
smaller version of Starship, that would only project itself to sub-orbit.
Where my logic about magnetism comes in is that some peopole have suggested blocking
diverting the solar wind to protect Mars. I believe that the ideas I have seen
have a magnet in the L1 location. That is quite an amount of force. If you had
a magnetic solar sail the size of Mars and then some, it would really be able to move
some mass. But what I am after is to have many magnetic fields, throttled as needed,
and working together, to both transfer solar wind momentum into Phobos, and to protect
the Martian atmosphere. If this could be done, then the lifting of mass from the
Martian surface would be better facilitated. And this suits me fine, as I believe
that we not only want to inhabit the surfaces of worlds, but the orbits around them.
The orbits around Mars would provide abundant energy with which to warm Mars to a
degree.
I have similar thinking for the Moon.
Done.
]]>