Tectonics for Mars: https://scitechdaily.com/how-ancient-vo … -of-earth/
Quote:
How Ancient Volcanoes on Mars Are Rewriting the Story of Earth
TOPICS:MarsPlanetsPopularThe University Of Hong KongVolcano
By THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG FEBRUARY 24, 2024
To me the above indicates that geothermal for Mars may be different. Vertical Tectonics may not have been as efficient to cool Mars as plate tectonics. And being different perhaps we could find hot spots in different places than what would be true for Earth.
As for life on Mars, water: https://aasnova.org/2023/09/06/sandy-br … ng-liquid/
Quote:
Sandy, Briny Water on Mars Has a Better Chance of Remaining Liquid
By Kerry Hensley on 6 September 2023 FEATURES
Brine droplets in the soil may have variable salinity and temperature. Perhaps at times the water is usable by life.
Life living on "Air": https://singularityhub.com/2021/11/19/h … %20burning.
Quote:
More remarkably, our research suggests that 90 percent of Antarctic soil bacteria may scavenge hydrogen from the air.
The bacteria gain energy from hydrogen, methane, and carbon by combining them with oxygen in a chemical process that is like a very slow kind of burning.
Now the video mentions Methane, we know that CO and Oxygen also exist in small quantities in the air, and I am betting that processes on Mars may also produce Hydrogen, things like U.V. light and the electric effects of a dust storm.
And it may also even be possible that the solar wind folds Hydrogen into the Martian Atmosphere. I don't know if any of the solar wind's Hydrogen makes it to the surface, but it might at times. If that is the case then the solar wind does not only take water away but might add water as it appears to do to the Moon.
Imagine a flat dark rock on the surface of Mars. At some latitudes and in a warmer phase of season and orbit, it might warm enough to allow brine drops to be able to support life. At times also such brine droplets might absorb moisture from the atmosphere. So, at night eh brine might absorb more moisture, and then during the day lose moisture. So, there might be a period going towards noon, perhaps where the conditions would be optimal warming brine that absorbed more moisture during the previous night.
The Martian atmosphere has the fuels CO, Methane, and H2 perhaps. It also has traces of Oxygen, but it also has Perchlorate which come organisms can use.
Under such rocks protection from UV would exist, and also some protection from other types of radiation.
So, it is not that surprising that their tests indicated some adaptation of Earth life. If they had included all the factors of this post most likely some microbes from Earth could do just fine in the soils of Mars, under some rocks.
Done
]]>This post seems a good fit for the title, but it is about the search for alien life in the Solar System, with a nice summary of SETI efforts and a forecast of how SETI may adapt to the dry hole found so far.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/2024 … hotting-up
here we might find aliens in the next decade
4 days ago
By Jonathan O'Callaghan,
Features correspondentShare
Nasa/JPL A "selfie" of Nasa's Perseverance rover in the Jezero Crater on Mars (Credit: Nasa/JPL)Nasa/JPL
Nasa's Perseverance rover is currently trundling around Jezero Crater on Mars to collect samples that can be sent back to Earth (Credit: Nasa/JPL)Forget UFOs and alien abductions, here's how scientists are really looking for life on other worlds.
It is easy to wax lyrical about aliens. The prospect of life on other planets has shaped much of our culture and continues to inspire books, TV shows, movies – and the odd conspiracy theory of course. But amongst all the fantastical visions of little green men there is a real, actual hunt for alien life taking place right now, and it is not some fringe science or controversial idea. It is a systematic process that scientists are undertaking, with results expected in as little as a decade.
To be more exact, there are multiple hunts for alien life currently underway. On Mars, a rover is collecting samples that may determine if life ever existed on the red planet. Probes are visiting some of our solar system's icy moons to search for signs of habitability. Astronomers are also beginning to scour the atmospheres of planets beyond our own solar system for telltale elemental cocktails that hint at alien life. And, yes, we are even keeping a beady eye out for signals from any intelligent civilisation that might purposefully – or accidentally – make contact.
"I think in 10 years we'll have some evidence about whether there's anything organic on some nearby planets," says Lord Martin Rees, the UK astronomer royal. "I think we are really [on the cusp]."
Alien life, if it exists, has not made itself easily known. Early attempts to search for extraterrestrial intelligence, called Seti, began in the mid-20th Century, with astronomers looking in vain for radio signals on other planets. Mars, which was believed in the late 19th Century to have life-harbouring canals and rivers, was discovered to be a mostly dry, barren wasteland. Planets around other stars, meanwhile, were so small that finding them was difficult, let alone learning much about them.
To hunt for alien life we have had to fine-tune how we search for it, and prepare for the possibility that any initial detection is likely to be perhaps somewhat small – evidence of microbes or chemical markers in a distant atmosphere. Compared to the Hollywood vision of first contacts with extra-terrestrial life, it might seem anticlimactic, but hard evidence that life exists beyond the boundaries of our own planet will still fundamentally alter our view of our place in the Universe.
Nasa Two spacecraft are due to visit the icy moon Europa to study the extent of the ocean that exists beneath its fractured surface (Credit: Nasa)Nasa
Two spacecraft are due to visit the icy moon Europa to study the extent of the ocean that exists beneath its fractured surface (Credit: Nasa)
In our solar system, Mars is arguably the most popular destination to hunt for life, at present. We know the planet was likely wet and potentially habitable billions of years ago, with seas and lakes on its surface. More recently scientists have even found tantalizing clues that there may be liquid water on Mars still, hidden beneath the planet's southern ice cap.Currently, Nasa's Perseverance rover is scooping up samples from the now-dry bed of what was thought to be once a lake in a region called Jezero Crater, just to the north of the Martian equator. The goal is to collect dozens of samples and return these to Earth in the early 2030s – a mission known as Mars Sample Return – where they can be investigated in detail for signs of life. The mission is currently facing difficulties, with the return aspect struggling for funding. But if they can pull it off, there are scientific riches in store.
Susanne Schwenzer, a planetary scientist at The Open University in the UK and a member of the Mars Sample Return science team, says the presence of past life on Mars could leave a fingerprint in the interaction of its rocks and water. "If you have life, things look very different," she says. "If we have the samples from Mars, we can go into miniature detail to study these processes."
It's possible some of the samples could even contain fossilised microbes inside the rocks. "I as a scientist wouldn't have spent my life on this if I weren't hopeful that we have a good chance of finding something," says Schwenzer. "I hope we will find something, but I can't predict it."
If we were to find life on the icy moons, we would be sure this is a different genesis of life from Earth – Susanne Schwenzer
But even if signs of life on Mars were to be detected, it would not be unequivocal proof of widespread alien life elsewhere in the universe. Mars and Earth are known to have shared material early in their history, meaning they might also have shared the genesis of life. For evidence of a true second genesis, proof that life arose for a second time independently on another world, scientists are looking to the solar system's icy moons such as Jupiter's Europa and Saturn's Enceladus, thought to contain vast oceans beneath their frozen surfaces. "If we were to find life on the icy moons, we would be sure this is a different genesis of life from Earth," says Schwenzer. (Read more about what life in alien oceans might be like.)A Nasa spacecraft called Europa Clipper is due to launch to Europa in October, following a European spacecraft, Juice, which launched in April 2023. Set to arrive in 2030 and 2031, the two spacecraft are not likely to detect life on Europa. But they will study the extent of its ocean, and set the stage for a future mission that might try to burrow beneath the ice sheet – such as an ongoing Nasa proposal called Europa Lander that remains on the drawing board – or fly through plumes that might be ejected from the moons' oceans into space, to look for life.
Actually getting a machine into the ocean of one of these worlds is a "100-year-problem", says Britney Schmidt, an astronomer at Cornell University in New York, because of the difficulties of getting through the multi-kilometeres-thick ice. But "getting into the ice shell and interacting with liquids is something we could do" more near-term, she says. "That's the kind of mission I would like to see happen. Our group is working on instruments and technologies so we know when we get there what to do."
Getty Images Recent research using radar from orbiting satellites has suggested there may be liquid water beneath the Martian southern ice cap (Credit: Getty Images)Getty Images
Recent research using radar from orbiting satellites has suggested there may be liquid water beneath the Martian southern ice cap (Credit: Getty Images)
If you aren't quite ready to wait 100 years, then you might want to cast your gaze to other solar systems. We now know of more than 5,500 planets around other stars, known as exoplanets, and more continue to trickle in every day. With the immense power of new telescopes, most notably the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers are now beginning to probe some of these planets in exquisite detail.In particular, they are using JWST to see if they can work out what gases are present on some rocky exoplanets similar to Earth. JWST was not initially designed to study exoplanets when it was first drawn up at the turn of the century, but it has since been re-tasked with studying these worlds, being the largest space telescope in history and thus our best machine to do so.
It cannot study Earth-like worlds around stars like our Sun. These planets are simply too dim against such bright stars for even JWST to study, and will require a more advanced telescope such as Nasa's Habitable Worlds Observatory, set to launch in the 2040s to investigate them. But JWST can study planets around small stars called red dwarfs, and right now it is flexing its capabilities with a fascinating system called TRAPPIST-1, which contains seven Earth-sized worlds. At least three of the planets orbit in the star's habitable zone, where liquid water – and life – could exist.
The first step is for astronomers to confirm if these planets have atmospheres. Research with JWST to make this determination is currently underway, with results expected later this year or in 2025. Initial results have shown that the innermost planet likely lacks an atmosphere required for life, but if atmospheres can be found on the other TRAPPIST-1 planets it would be a monumental discovery says Jessie Christiansen, an astrophysicist at Nasa's Exoplanet Science Institute at the California Institute of Technology in the US. "The next 20 years of exoplanet search will depend on that result," she says. "If red dwarf planets have atmospheres, we will point every telescope on Earth at these planets to try and see something."
If we can find those atmospheres, JWST will be used to look for signs of biosignatures in atmospheres that might hint at life. "We'll be looking for disequilibrium chemistry," says Christiansen. "You can make carbon dioxide, methane, and water on [any] planet. But having them in ratios where they can't be maintained naturally, that's where you start to say biology is involved."
Future telescopes, like the Habitable Worlds Observatory and a European proposal called Life, will then try to perform this same analysis for true Earth-analogue planets around stars like our Sun. "The driving planetary class will be rocky planets in the habitable zone," says Sascha Quanz, an astrophysicist at ETH Zürich in Switzerland who leads the Life program.
And then there's the hunt for intelligent life. Jason Wright, an astronomer at The Pennsylvania State University in the US, says much of the low-hanging fruit has been picked. Radio observations have shown that, within about 100 light-years of Earth, powerful beacons pointed in our direction "don't seem to exist", says Wright. Now, programs like Breakthrough Listen in the US are casting their gaze further afield. They are looking for directed radio signals coming from more distant planets in our galaxy, and are even starting to look for accidental communications leakage from planets like that which is emitted from Earth.
(th)
]]>Mars may satisfy the need for water, by daily temperature fluctuations. You did mention water from air for Lichens.
Radiation being severe, seems too much for the lichen but 24 times less seems possible for the lichen.
In the crack of a rock, moisture may be enhanced in the morning when the crack is still cold, and moisture may migrate from the slightly warmed outside air. A crack in a rock can also provide some protection from radiation.
This then leaves the lichen or microbes needing an energy source. There could be some attenuated sunlight that would get into the crack.
Also, atmospheric chemicals could provide energy.
Microbes that eat air: https://newatlas.com/biology/air-eating … ica-artic/
Quote:
Bacteria that "eat" only air found in cold deserts around the world
By Michael Irving
August 19, 2020
Quote:
In 2017, the UNSW researchers discovered bacteria in Antarctica that gained their energy from a new source – the air itself. In low-nutrient soil, these bugs instead pull hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide out of the air around them, allowing them to thrive in environments where there’s very little other life. This phenomenon is known as atmospheric chemosynthesis.
The atmosphere of Mars definitely has a small amount of CO and also O2 in it, Obviously it has CO2, and probably a small amount of Hydrogen which may come from the solar wind itself, or the splitting of water molecules from radiation. We don't know if a lichen can eat molecules in the air, but maybe it can. It is part fungi, and part Algae or cyanobacteria.
Cyanobacteria that can live off of light and also atmospheric chemicals seems likely to me, but I have no literature on that. It would be unlikely that a microbe would pass up a free lunch of atmospheric chemicals.
This leaves the question of toxic chemicals and dust. These may be harsh on life on Mars, but perchlorates might actually be consumed by some microbes.
Done
]]>Life on Earth could have started in hydrothermal vents deep under the sea
]]>'Wrens' going into caves might be troglophiles? Wrens are a family of brown passerine birds in the predominantly New World family Troglodytidae. The family includes 88 species divided into 19 genera. Only the Eurasian wren occurs in the Old World, where, in Anglophone regions, it is commonly known simply as the "wren", as it is the originator of the name. The name wren has been applied to other, unrelated birds, particularly the New Zealand wrens (Acanthisittidae) and the Australian wrens (Maluridae), maybe cloned or transported by Egg no longer in Zero-G but Artificial Gravity wheel? the Birds Unable to Swallow in Space Stations?
A small Wren can go inside a cave to hunt for insects but mostly lives outside in the open the name is a German scientific reference to the cave-like domed nests it builds and its habit of staying concealed in the undergrowth, bats and cave swallows are more suited to the life of Caves.
The Cave Swallow will need mud for the nest, number of European and North American species are long-distance migrants they avoid winter and move North to South for the seasons so a system would be set up so they can transport from one region of Mars to another during the long winter; by contrast, the West and South African swallows are nonmigratory.
'Cliff Swallows gathering mud'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb05TIh2_go
Extremely Rare and Interesting Subterranean Species: Understanding Troglobites
https://worldofcaves.com/extremely-rare … oglobites/
6 Strange Cave Dwellers – The Troglobites
https://www.lazerhorse.org/2016/03/20/t … -dwellers/
'Mark Dickey speaks out about rescue from Turkish cave l GMA'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsPicsmCib0
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/space-hi … rites.html
First Ever Meteorite From Earth Found on Earth? Or Fake?
]]>'NASA Astrobiologists to Study Extreme Life at Earth's Highest Lake'
https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/nasa … hest-lake/
Perhaps a risk in space exploration is that when humans allow their Ponds or Lakes on Earth to vanish and dry up they might be missing some extremophiles that would possibly one day thrive on Mars.
Maybe more accurate answers will arrive with the MSR mission
Ponds might need slat and chemical removal, more diverse life will be found in Lake systems not ponds these can be examined for example of Salt Lake on Earth there is Little Manitou Lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, and Lake Elton in Russia, near the border with Kazakhstan, Lake Retba or known as Lac Rose in Senegal Africa, Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve in Australia, the Dead Sea a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the East and the West Bank and Israel to the West, the Great Salt part of the U.S. state of Utah Pikrolimni an endorheic, alkaline salt lake in Kilkis prefecture, Greece, some lakes lie under Glaciers and there are Lakes formed by Glacial retreat such as Tasman Lake, New Zealand. At high altitude some have dried up due to global warming and loss of glacial systems, some high altitude Lakes now considered extinct, there are Lakes such as Lake Licancbur between Bolivia and Chile, Sawtooth Lake - Idaho, Lake Waiau in Hawaii on Mauna Kea, there is Lac d'Allos is an alpine lake at a height of in Europe France, and Ojos del Salado in Argentina Chile. In the South Pole of Earth there are many Lakes under the ice, the subglacial lake under a glacier, typically beneath an ice cap or ice sheet.
Salts and chemicals and toxin will restrict what life can exist inside the Biodome pond or Lake, life perhaps can exist on the Toxic Lakes, Salts, the 'Dead' Waters and Sea and Lakes of Earth there is often extreme life and seen with the naked eye are brine shrimp, phytoplankton, brine flies, plants and birds, on Earth certain plant and animal will be more able to take difficult changing conditions, Glassworts and cordgrass are often the first plants to take hold in a mudflat, the waters might be more stagnant without the Moon of Earth to regulate the tides it might be considered a toxic soup, this is perhaps where the fish tank science comes in where they can fix bad water with filters and submerged oxygenaotrs, giving your water inside your Biosphere a good clean out . For now the closest Analogy people think of is Earth but a cold radioactive world, with a year long winter, dim sunlight and harsh like the South Pole, thin and nothing to keep a man alive, not like the Air even higher than Mount Everest even more hostile and then dust storms like at the driest desserts but with a thin layer of electrically charged dust thinner than cigarette smoke
Adaptation of Temperate Seagrass to Arctic Light Relies on Seasonal Acclimatization of Carbon Capture and Metabolism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34925400/
Plants of the Arctic and Antarctic
https://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issu … -antarctic
Common eelgrass
https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife … n-eelgrass
Common eelgrass is a plant species (not a seaweed) that lives on the very low shore down to 10m deep and can form dense seagrass meadows. These meadows form important underwater habitats in shallow seas, providing shelter for many species, including seahorses and pipefish. They also provide important nursery habitats for small fish, cuttlefish, shellfish and rays. Seagrass beds grow on sandy seabeds in very shallow waters - as they need good levels of light to photosynthesise. They grow in sheltered areas, such as estuaries, bays and inlets. Seagrass is an important food source for many overwintering birds such as geese. Common Eelgrass gets its name from its long, eel-like leaves.
Fast-Growing Moss Is Turning Antarctica Green
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/scie … nvironment
The plants of Antarctica
https://oceanwide-expeditions.com/blog/ … antarctica
It seems an almost impossible feat for a plant to survive in Antarctica. Extremely cold temperatures, little sunlight and moisture, poor soil quality, and a short growing period have deterred most species of flora from successfully growing in this barren ecosystem. Despite the odds, there are still plants that have evolved specifically to live in these conditions, and have thrived where no others have dared to go.
It may not be a bountiful garden of polychromatic blossoms, but taking a closer look, a little bit closer to the ground, will provide a glimpse into a very special and unique world of plant life.
The farside mission, China’s Chang’e-4 mission tested animal life and went to grow plants on the Moon
Moon images
https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/roll/2 … 8522.shtml
Decadal survey recommends massive funding increase for NASA biological and physical sciences
https://twitter.com/SpaceNews_Inc/statu … 7090437455
Humans are having trouble living near these Lakes on Earth, 'Historic drought turns Chilean lake into a desert'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q1pqfIbr8U
an artistically shot video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SibAMQN30c4
Humans will have a food delivery maybe
Food Rules at the South Pole?
On Earth life can be more comfortable than Mars even on some of Earth's more difficult places.
Ultimately, there are no restrictions on what food can be brought to the research stations, aside from logistical ones. There’s not an option to refrigerate things thanks to the extremely long supply chain, so the food is always something that’s already frozen, something that can be frozen or something that can’t freeze. And at McMurdo’s two facilities on the Ross Ice Shelf, raw poultry isn’t allowed — they don’t want to risk any of the penguins catching Avian Flu.
https://www.2foodtrippers.com/food-in-antarctica/
All the food coming into McMurdo must be approved and inspected, as well.
but what if Robots go first
Some people want to see Russia's results, coming ever so slowly. At the South Pole on Planet Earth, Lake Vostok the sub glacial Lake a Russian team plans to eventually lower a probe into the lake to collect water samples and sediments from the bottom.
The Greenhouse Foods
Vegetable Farms ‘Mushrooming’ Across the Arctic
https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/vegeta … oss-arctic
Vegetable production seems to be on the rise in the Arctic. Greenhouses and hydroponic systems are beacons of hope for the improvement of food security and health issues, and a diversification of the economy in remote Arctic communities.
Vegetable production seems to be on the rise in the Arctic. Greenhouses and hydroponic systems are beacons of hope for the improvement of food security and health issues, and a diversification of the economy in remote Arctic communities. "Being persistent is the key to grow food in the Arctic," believes Benjamin Vidmar, founder of ‘Polar Permaculture’, a project set in Svalbard.
Despite difficult growing conditions, the number of vegetable farms in Alaska, Norway, Canada and other Arctic regions appears to have increased. The hope is that a better, more affordable supply of vegetables in Arctic communities will help battle public health issues, improve food security and decrease the economy’s dependence on oil.
Arctic Agriculture: Producing More Food in the North
https://deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org/a … -the-north
Norway and other Arctic countries can boost land-based food production – and meet the challenges of climate change – with the right support and investment, writes Arne Bardalen of the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research.
Another topic
'Building Soil with Salt Marshes'
]]>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7NjSHyAZ2U
an Overseas Scifi writer, he is becoming very popular in the West but orginally from a Communist culture not 'Western'
Liu Cixin sci-fi event kicks off at writer’s hometown in North China’s Shanxi
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202308/1296422.shtml
The Most Overlooked Sci-Fi Blockbuster of 2023 Just Quietly Dropped on Amazon
https://www.inverse.com/culture/sci-fi- … ng-earth-2
Despite its failure to crossover with Western viewers, The Wandering Earth II provides a welcome extension
The Glacier Ice Worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus, Elevates Mitochondrial Inorganic Polyphosphate (PolyP) Levels in Response to Stress
https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio … _to_Stress
What to know about the invasive hammerhead flatworms spotted in Texas
https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local … 925002.php
Hammerhead flatworms are easy to detect because of their half-moon-shaped head which is a lot like hammerhead sharks.
Allow (me to) do some word activity to relabel the definitions of some parts of our perceptions of reality.
1) All life relies on chemical energy. At least all non-spirit, non-dark matter, non-else life. Using the elements on the periodic table. What we think we know about.
2) It relies on disequilibrium, of chemicals which may hold both energy and what is needed to build physical structures.
3) Some life can use energy from its outside to generate disequilibrium internally to itself, some must rely on disequilibrium which occurs outside of itself.
4) For item #3, some organisms can use certain wavelengths of light to create disequilibrium and this it a very large part of organisms that can do it internally and so also catalyze that process. But nature is often generating disequilibrium in abiotic pathways as well, external to any organism. Abiotic disequilibrium can also happen inside of an organism from a energy factor entering an organism, but this often causes "Damage" as it is often an unplanned for event. Example, damage to DNA, which could be a fuel of sorts, but actually requires work from the organism to reset it to a pattern useful or at least not hostile to the survival of the organism.
We are mostly familiar with photosynthesis, but also have understood chemosynthesis, things that can eat and breath chemicals. We are beginning to associate much of this with the flow of electricity as time passes.
There is an organism that seems to do very well in a nuclear reactor core.
This one lives in more natural conditions deep down:
Quote:
The Strange Species That Lives Off of Nuclear Energy Is Like Alien Life on Earth
https://www.sciencealert.com/bacterium- … ife-europa
Quote:
It lives in complete dark, in groundwater up to 60 degrees Celsius (140 Fahrenheit) - an environment devoid of sunlight, oxygen or organic compounds.
And it has perfectly evolved to derive its energy from the radioactive decay of uranium in the rocks around it - which means it lives off nuclear energy instead of relying on the Sun.
I believe that it has been said that for Photosynthesis, handing visible Photons is something like getting energy by catching bullets. So, I think it is fairly unlikely that these organisms are doing internal disequilibrium, but they may be using the chemicals resulting from the radiation that radioactive decay produces. It could also be possible that they would facilitate the process eternally by producing some type of catalyst, but I have not seen any report of it.
The chemicals they might work with could include split H20 and CO2, and I thing maybe Sulphur could be involved in some cases. In many cases the organisms may breathe reduced solid chemicals in the rocks.
In some cases, I would expect free Oxygen to be produced, as split up H20 and CO2 would allow the creatures to make Hydrocarbon materials for their bodies. But if they could extract energy by Oxidizing rocks, or dissolved materials in water, that would benefit them more. Otherwise, they would have to release Oxygen to the environment.
So, I anticipate that it just might be possible that Europa might have Free Oxygen in it's water from that, but it would certainly benefit the organisms if they could breath that Oxygen and eat metals.
Another source of Oxidants for that ocean could be chemicals generated on the surface by radiation and the loss of Hydrogen to space.
If both or either of those sources of Oxidants were possible that animal life might be possible in Europa's oceans.
However, I don't think that the plumes for Enceladus contain notable free Oxygen, so for that case it is not seeming to be true.
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/satu … d%20silica. Quote:
The water jets come from relatively warm fractures in the crust, which scientists informally call the “tiger stripes.” Several gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, perhaps a little ammonia and either carbon monoxide or nitrogen gas make up the gaseous envelope of the plume, along with salts and silica. And the density of organic materials in the plume was about 20 times denser than scientists expected.
This does not necessarily eliminate the possibility of free Oxygen from life in other worlds, but it seems that if life is involved in the plumes of Encallado's the life it able to dispose of the Oxygen by Oxidizing Metals and such in the ocean bottom or dissolved in the water. So, it is a fuel rich environment. And Oxygen rich environment is not impossible. But I think that Ocean vents will tend to provide an excess of fuels, where radiation will supply an very close amount of Hydrogen, Carbon Compounds, and Oxygen as it was balanced before H20 and CO2 were split by the radiation.
------
So I see this as very interesting per hard radiation, and including GCR. Outside of our solar envelope the GCR is supposed to be even greater.
So we might consider Rogue Planeta and Moons in this. Some may have ice covered oceans. Some might have atmospheres and ice covered oceans. Some may have Atmospheres and even open water. For those with an icy shell, they may have plate tectonics in the shells that would convey chemicals and even radioactive materials into the seas and the sea floors.
And those worlds may be periodically reactivated with radioactive materials: https://phys.org/news/2023-02-radioacti … rnova.html Quote:
FEBRUARY 20, 2023
Editors' notes
Radioactive isotopes reach Earth by surfing supernova blast waves, scientists discover
by University of Hertfordshire
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467- … 203%2C%204. Quote:
The contribution of water radiolysis to marine sedimentary life
Similar articles here: https://www.bing.com/search?q=Life+in+s … 10a596a76c
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium-26
It was earlier considered that Aluminum 26 came only from Nova type explosions. However, I have seen mention of particles traveling to drop through a deep gravity well and hit so hard that they could generate hard radiation to transmute elements to other unstable states.
Also strange things apparently happen in the magnetic field of Jupiter, even the creation of small amounts of antimatter.
--------------
So, now you may understand why I might promote the detonation of Hydrogen bombs in isolated ice bodies, such as Korolev Crater.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korolev_(Martian_crater)
Image Quote:
If it is possible to keep the solids in the resulting ice covered pool, then only gasses may escape, (If you don't allow liquids through the permafrost).
Tritium created is then a risk, but will decay into useful Helium 3. Carbon may have some radioactive isotopes? I don't know how dangerous.
So, we might hope to simulate Enceladus: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/satu … d%20silica Quote:
The water jets come from relatively warm fractures in the crust, which scientists informally call the “tiger stripes.” Several gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, perhaps a little ammonia and either carbon monoxide or nitrogen gas make up the gaseous envelope of the plume, along with salts and silica.
But we may have to find a way to keep the Tritium for it to decay into Helium 3. But we might hope to generate a spectrum of greenhouse gasses that were not TOO radioactive.
And the warm water generated could certainly be exploited by humans.
Kind of tired now. Bye.
Done.
This showed up, and is somewhat related and may be very important in itself: https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets … 75ea&ei=26 Quote:
This so-called ‘Methane Man’ discovered a bacteria that literally eats air pollution: ‘You’ve got to swing for the fences’
Story by Wes Stenzel • 6h ago
So, indeed fuel greenhouse gasses might be pulled out of the atmosphere by microbes.
Done.
]]>