Belarus doesn't have much of a program, the Belarus Space Agency known as National Agency for Space Research was established in 2009 and islosely associated with the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the Belarusians who have travelled to space in the time of the USSR are Pyotr Klimuk, Vladimir Kovalyonok, and Oleg Novitsky since the break up of the Soviet Union they have worked in Russia, the goverment of Russia is a main provider of services to Belarus and other CIS countries like Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) perhaps an economic trade union that Russians hoped would be like the EU, Commonwealth or NAFTA.
There seems to be confusion in news media reports if she is a Flight 'Attendant' or 'Instructor'
Flight attendant becomes 1st Belarusian woman in space on ISS-bound Soyuz launch
https://www.space.com/soyuz-ms-25-launc … ce-station
Soyuz MS-25 is an Russian crewed Soyuz spaceflight to launch from Baikonur to the International Space Station
'Here is some audio from my reception of Soyuz MS-25 at 121.75 MHz, from the 18:44 UTC pass over Leiden, the Netherlands'
https://twitter.com/Marco_Langbroek/sta … 7776132497
Nikki Haley suspends campaign after Trump, Biden win big on election night
]]>Historically most governments are new even though cultures are old, San Marino the Italian micro-state of San Marino, which has been able to maintain its boundaries and integrity of government for more than 400 years is old-ish and continious, the United States is older than the Kingdom of Norway. Greece has a pretty good claim having invented the Western Democratic concept but long spells under Turk invasion as an Ottoman colony ends any continious nation state. China is not continious, it has fallen into periods of growth and collapse and growth again in history, next to it religion, India, the Middle East Silk Road, the Korean Buddhist Silla Kingdom existed next to China covered much of the Korean peninsula, making it one of the oldest nations in world history but it also fell. National pride is tided in with the Chinese program, there is a clear military spin of with rocket tech, the current path came from Project 921 and ' 863 Program' all the new outer planet missions, Asteroid and Mars missions seem to be under 'Tianwen' perhaps a paper circulated internally with ambitions with the characters 天問 literally translated 'Heavenly Questions' the Spacestation is Heavenly Station or Sky Palace, all referencing an ancient poet Qu Yuan of the state of Chu during the Warring States period.
They do plan long term and have reformed and started to open a little as Japan did in history and other isloated nation or kingdoms were more or less forced to exit from isolation. They see themselves as great power to rival the USA maybe ambitions to go beyond the USA which they might think will decay, a history as older or as old as Egypt or India or Greece and a regional power they think they should be always far stronger than Japan or North Korea and South Korea other nations. If the Capitalists had won the Civil War and the Communists fled to Taiwan how different it would all be perhaps between the West and China. Even though China's history is old the country is still new, Japan and other nations had similar experience of remoteness and changes in rulers, grows in late 1800s other European nations and kingdoms had historical periods of closure, brutality and isolation. China grows now but they may stagnate and face similar issues that SKorea will has been facing and how Europe and Japan has issues but for now they have exited Mao brutality and grown with technology. The identify with Communism rule, they tried Monarchy and Emperors for a while, flirted with Christianity a Chinese revolutionary and religious leader who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty, Western powers backed Qing against the Christian, they were thinking of Western style Democratic systems but Communists won the civli war, Soviet-backed Chinese Communist Party (CCP) fought the US-backed Kuomintang government and today you see a Communist State. Asians of the Orient are often conformist, the Conformist Assimilationist Communists are very much part of their identity with their historical pride and one-party socialist Chinese republic. They have reasons to historically not trust outsiders, almost invaded beaten and carved up, flooded with drugs, the Opium Wars with Britain and France demanding money. Some dates to consider the 80th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, this would be 2029 expect something a big project, a Dam, an entertainment spectacle of feat, a Big series of Motor Ways, Trains maybe something on the Moon or Mars it might have private companies but still influenced by government? They will have new ideas, their form of leftism has changed it is not the Mao era nor USSR Communism of the past, it has a lot of national pride and they do not understand the Western left. The word 'Baizuo' is almost a curse is a derogatory Chinese description of the White-Self-Hate Leftist or Open Borders Useful Idiot Socialist used to refer to Western Liberals and leftists and to their values, especially in relation to for example borders or crime or refugee issues. The Chinese of the internet were particularly critical of Angela Merkel and the German government opening European borders to islamics, they also voiced support for Donald Trump's populist policies thinking America should be more loud, cowboy like and full of pride. The hundreth Anniversary of the Communist Leadership in China would be 2049 ...four years after 2045?
is it even possible to plan so far ahead with parts of the world going so chaotic
so who knows what they plan to have done and what will be achieved, some self-claimed experts and consulting firm and author on geopolitics claimed China would collapse and vanish already or maybe they will have an interstellar craft to go beyond Pluto, maybe a village or research base on Mars, perhaps they expect to have Fusion reactors or a station around Ceres or the Moon. China is on track but China also faces many issues, if I were to criticize others it would be Russia going tyrant imperialist and setting Russians backward or Europe for its lack of vision, the failures of big players and Germany’s Energy Madness and Self-Sabotage.
PDF
https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-24-008.pdf
The trajectory of the MSR Program’s life-cycle cost estimate, which has grown from $2.5 to $3 billion in July 2020, to $6.2 billion at KDP-B in September 2022, to an unofficial estimate of $7.4 billion as of June 2023 raises questions about the affordability of the Program. Characteristics intrinsic to big and complex missions like the MSR Program are hard to quantify in estimates but can drive project costs upwards throughout development. These include fully understanding the mission’s complexity, initial over-optimism, a less than optimal design/architecture, and the team’s ability to perform to expectations.
India launches space mission to study black holes
https://island.lk/india-launches-space- … ack-holes/
NASA’s Engineering Marvel: Preparing the Gateway to the Moon
https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-engineer … -the-moon/
2027 or …Later Again?
GAO Report
https://web.archive.org/web/20231220172 … -24-106256
As of September 2023, the Human Landing System program had delayed eight of 13 key events by at least 6 months. Two of these events have been delayed to 2025—the year the lander is planned to launch.
GAO found that the Artemis III crewed lunar landing is unlikely to occur in 2025.
An ambitious schedule: The Human Landing System program is aiming to complete its development—from project start to launch—in 79 months, which is 13 months shorter than the average for NASA major projects. The complexity of human spaceflight suggests that it is unrealistic to expect the program to complete development more than a year faster than the average for NASA major projects, the majority of which are not human spaceflight projects. GAO found that if development took as long as the average for NASA major projects, the Artemis III mission would likely occur in early 2027.
]]>Japan firm unveils satellite with goal to approach space debris in world 1st
https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20 … na/006000c
Hunter Biden investigation: Pros and cons of a House impeachment inquiry
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news … nt-inquiry
In Space, he helped make 'The Space Force'
and President Donald Trump issued a presidential memorandum also known as "Space Policy Directive-1". This directive amended Barack Obama's "Presidential Policy Directive 4," by replacing the paragraph beginning “Set far-reaching exploration milestones...” with the paragraph “Lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with commercial and international partners to enable human expansion across the Solar System and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities. Beginning with missions beyond low-Earth orbit, the United States will lead the return of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and utilization, followed by human missions to Mars and other destinations.”
this was followed by Directive-2 and 3
https://web.archive.org/web/20210120202 … use-space/
and Directive 4, Executive Order 13959 and a National Space Policy.
]]>https://science.slashdot.org/story/23/0 … on-as-2026
China is planning to deploy a constellation of satellites in orbit around the moon to create a radio telescope that would enable the study of radio waves longer than 33 feet, providing insights into the "Dark Ages" of the universe. Space.com reports:
The array would consist of one "mother" satellite and eight mini "daughter" craft. The mother would process data and communicate with Earth, and the daughters would detect radio signals from the farthest reaches of the cosmos, Xuelei Chen, an astronomer at the China National Space Administration (CNSA), said at the Astronomy From the Moon conference held earlier this year in London. Putting such an array in orbit around the moon would be technically more feasible than building a telescope directly on the lunar surface, a venture that NASA and other space agencies are currently considering as one of the next big steps in astronomy.
"There are a number of advantages in doing this in orbit instead of on the surface because it's engineeringly much simpler," Chen said during the conference. "There is no need for landing and a deployment, and also because the lunar orbital period is two hours, we can use solar power, which is much simpler than doing it on the lunar surface, which, if you want to observe during the lunar night, then you have to provide the energy for almost 14 days." He added that this proposed "Discovering Sky at the Longest Wavelength," or Hongmeng Project, could orbit the moon as early as 2026.
A telescope on the moon, astronomers say, would allow them to finally see cosmic radiation in a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is impossible to study from Earth's surface: radio waves longer than 33 feet (10 meters), or, in other words, those with frequencies below 30 megahertz (MHz). "If you are looking into the low-frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum, you'll find that, due to strong absorption [by Earth's atmosphere], we know very little about [the region] below 30 megahertz," Chen said. "It's almost a blank part of the electromagnetic spectrum. So we want to open this last electromagnetic window of the universe."
]]>https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/20 … sa-goddard
Kamala Harris visits NASA's Goddard Space Center in Greenbelt
Harris tours NASA flight center in Md. with South Korean leader, kicking off state visit
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/20 … -md-south/
VP Kamala Harris, South Korea president announce plans for expanded space partnerships
https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/
The United States and South Korea have signed an agreement to cooperate on space exploration
Von Braun's 1948 plan for exploring Mars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DO7CeiyiD0c
The Mars Project 'Das Marsprojekt' is a 1952 non-fiction scientific book by the German (later German-American) rocket physicist, astronautics engineer and space architect, Wernher von Braun. It was translated from the original German by Henry J. White and first published in English by the University of Illinois Press in 1953.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100531192 … 208928.pdf
Study 1969. Von Braun's final vision for a manned expedition to Mars
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