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Physicists May Have Stumbled Upon an Entirely New Elementary Particle
https://www.popularmechanics.com/scienc … -neutrino/
To understand the team’s findings, we need to talk about neutrinos, the most common and least massive of the massive particles (the particles that have any mass at all). They were first theorized decades ago and only interact through gravity and the “weak force” of the standard model of physics, which means that, like dark matter, neutrinos can just pass through us and our planet and space however they want; they interact with almost nothing. Over the decades, scientists have developed ways to measure neutrinos by tracing their effect on what’s around them.
Then, over 20 years ago, scientists first detected something called the “gallium anomaly.” In a special experiment prepared to measure solar neutrinos—particles ejected from the heart of the sun that pervade the matter all around us—the scientists combined a synthetic isotope called chromium 51 with a large source of gallium. Gallium is a peculiar metal that melts at human body temperature and then looks kind of like mercury. Together, the two produce an isotope called germanium 71.
(Remember that while elements are fundamentally themselves, atoms are just equations of subatomic particles. Changing the formulation by adding or subtracting particles like protons changes what element that atom is. Nuclear energy in general is based on the principle that you can pry open the nucleus and futz around in there, making other things come out).
But during that experiment at Baksan, called the Soviet-American Gallium Experiment (SAGE), scientists observed something peculiar. There were 20–24 percent fewer germanium 71 atoms than there should have been based on the gallium and chromium 51 supplies available and the nature of the experiment. Scientists at the time, and to this day, aren’t sure why there wasn’t enough germanium 71. All of this has come to be known as the “gallium anomaly.”
The second explanation is that this is a special kind of neutrino that doesn’t even answer to the weak force—it only answers to gravity itself.
'What is antimatter?'
https://www.livescience.com/32387-what- … atter.html
Antimatter is the same as ordinary matter except that it has the opposite electric charge. For instance, an electron, which has a negative charge, has an antimatter partner known as a positron. A positron is a particle with the same mass as an electron but a positive charge.
Particles with no electric charge, like neutrons, are often their own antimatter partners. But researchers have yet to determine if mysterious tiny particles known as neutrinos, which are also neutral, are their own antiparticles.
Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2022-07-13 08:50:46)
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'Could we use antimatter-based propulsion to visit alien worlds?'
https://www.space.com/antimatter-propul … exoplanets
Physicists Say Aliens May Be Using Black Holes as Quantum Computers
https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists … -computers
In a recent study, a German-Georgian team of researchers proposed that advanced extraterrestrial civilizations (ETCs) could use black holes as quantum computers.
Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-02-14 20:26:33)
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Mars_B4_Moon,
There's little to no evidence that the Standard Model is wrong. The particle physicists keep proposing expensive new experiments to study this / that / the other theoretically possible "new particle", but none of it sticks. It would be a much better allocation of research funding to firm up our understanding of what we already know exists and have rock solid evidence for. The "Gallium Anomaly" is probably the "Bean Counting Anomaly" unless the result has been repeated in numerous other experiments. Didn't we have a recent dust-up over the speed of light as well? Anyway, this "new particle" stuff is becoming a lot like String Theory. Decades later, we still have no experimentally-derived evidence to support any of these hypotheses about new particles or dark matter or String Theory or arbitrary values for the speed of light. The mere fact that something might be possible doesn't say much about its probability.
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I don't think Anti-Matter will work as propulsion for now it has too much bang, it is very expensive to produce and extremely difficult to store.
However sometimes people dream about exotic science that might become real just as elements of science fiction became real world happenings.
'LHC Data Reveals Charm Meson's Unique Ability to Switch from Matter to Antimatter'
https://www.guardianmag.us/2021/06/this … y.html?m=1
Beam pipe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoTdC3xfDwo
Particles, vacuum, explaining magnets, cooling, resistance and heat
Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-03-10 16:15:08)
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