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Tom Kalbfus

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Better lifeless Legos than something truly alive.  That's a harsh place. 

GW

I think there is a relatively radiation free zone just above Jupiter's atmosphere, just like there is just above Earth's, if we can get within 200 km above Jupiter's cloud tops, a probe there could last quite a long time. The best way to get into a circular orbit around Jupiter would be with an atmosphere grazing maneuver. You'd need an ablative heat shield to slow down the probe, and then a rocket burn to circularize the orbit afterwards, and like a low Earth orbiting space craft, you'd need periodic rocket burns to keep the probe from falling into the atmosphere. So far only one space agency has ever sent probes to Jupiter or any of the outer planets, that would be NASA. Russia hasn't even sent one probe there.

SpaceNut

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Is it even possible to scoop up enough atmosphere to use a neclear power engine to force the probe back into a higher orbit as it slows each time on its way downward towards the planet efore being boosted back into a more stable orbit....

Tom Kalbfus

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Is it even possible to scoop up enough atmosphere to use a neclear power engine to force the probe back into a higher orbit as it slows each time on its way downward towards the planet efore being boosted back into a more stable orbit....

You can use atmospheric grazing to slow down to a lower orbit, the only problem is the orbit you end up in without correction is one where part of it dips into the atmosphere, so what you need is a rocket boost at the high end of the orbit to raise up the lower end of the orbit. The atmosphere is great for slowing down without expending propellant, but you need to raise your velocity at the apogee of the orbit so your satellite doesn't dip back down into the atmosphere during the second orbit after slow down. You need to expend a little propellant to circularize you orbit after performing the atmospheric grazing maneuver, otherwise you will slow down even more with the next orbit. So you need to raise the low part of your next orbit so you miss the atmosphere after it has done its job of slowing you down to get you here.

Low Jupiter orbit is much like low Earth orbit, in that there is a trace amount of Jupiter's atmosphere which basically prevent radiation bands from accumulating there. At higher orbits, there is nothing to prevent Jupiter's magnetic field from accumulating charged particles from the sun and creating radiation hazards. In low Jupiter orbit, your orbit will slowly decay just like in Low Earth orbit, but a satellite could stay up there for years with a minimum propellant expenditure to maintain orbit.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Posts: 9,776

Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

NASA's Juno Spacecraft To Make Closest Visit To Jupiter's Biggest Moon Ganymede On June 7
https://www.republicworld.com/technolog … une-7.html

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Jupiter’s moon Ganymede seen up close for first time in 21 years
https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/06/08/j … -21-years/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Juno Skims the Cloud Tops of Jupiter

https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/ … f-jupiter/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

A Rose by Any Other Name: Jupiter’s Spectacular Great Red Spot

https://scitechdaily.com/a-rose-by-any- … -red-spot/

NASA spacecraft zooms over Jupiter's swirling clouds at 131,000 mph

https://mashable.com/article/nasa-jupit … ver-images

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Jupiter is up to 9% Rock and Metal, Which Means it Ate a lot of Planets in its Youth

https://www.universetoday.com/156235/ju … its-youth/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Scientists find remains of cannibalized baby planets in Jupiter's cloud-covered belly

https://www.livescience.com/jupiter-ate … le-growing

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Juno Mission Spies Vortices Near Jupiter’s North Pole

https://spaceref.com/science-and-explor … orth-pole/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

How the Juno spacecraft uncovered Jupiter’s secrets
https://astronomy.com/magazine/news/202 … rs-secrets
NASA’s plucky probe has brought us unprecedented views of the solar system’s biggest planet, from its enigmatic aurorae to its dramatic storms.

The largest and most massive planet in the solar system, Jupiter has been observed since antiquity. But before the invention of the telescope, we knew little of its nature, including its four large Galilean moons (named for their discoverer, the Italian polymath Galileo Galilei) and its most striking atmospheric feature, the roiling Great Red Spot. Our knowledge has multiplied since the dawn of the Space Age, thanks to NASA’s Pioneer, Voyager, and Galileo probes, which surveyed the giant planet between 1973 and 2003.

Juno is the most advanced spacecraft yet to visit Jupiter, brimming with nine science instruments, including infrared and ultraviolet sensors, a radiometer and magnetometer, and energetic particle detectors. For power, it relies on arrays of solar panels — a first for a spacecraft at Jupiter, where sunlight is about 4 percent as strong as at Earth. With its windmill-like trio of 29-foot-long (9 meters) solar arrays fully unfurled, the probe spans about the same area as a basketball court. All previous craft that had voyaged that deep into the solar system relied on nuclear generators. But a worldwide shortage of plutonium-238 nuclear fuel coupled with advances in solar-cell technology made it both necessary and possible for Juno to utilize the Sun’s energy to power itself.

Launched on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Aug. 5, 2011, Juno voyaged 1.74 billion miles (2.8 billion kilometers) to reach Jupiter. Its convoluted 59-month trek carried it initially beyond the orbit of Mars, but a pair of maneuvers in August and September 2012 redirected it back past Earth for a gravitational slingshot maneuver in October 2013. This yielded an 8,800-mph (14,000 km/h) speed boost. On July 4, 2016, as Juno hurtled toward its target, a Jupiter Orbit Insertion (JOI) engine burn reduced its speed by 1,200 mph (1,950 km/h), allowing the probe to thread a fine needle between the planet and its radiation belts.

Juno then entered an elliptical orbit not around Jupiter’s equator, but looping from pole to pole. This has given scientists a perspective on Jupiter never seen by the Pioneer and Voyager probes, which made flybys of the jovian system in the 1970s, and even the Galileo mission, which girdled the planet in an equator-hugging orbit from 1995 to 2003.

From this unique vantage point, Juno made the first observations of the planet’s extreme northerly and southerly latitudes. It has also flown more than 10 times closer to its rollicking clouds, raging tempests, and savage radiation belts than any previous mission. In unmasking this multi-hued megaworld, Juno would have made its pansophical namesake proud.

Juno revealed the poles are dominated by densely packed cyclones, all jostling for position. In the north resides a central cyclone, encircled by eight others, all around 2,000 miles (3,200 km) in diameter, as wide as the contiguous U.S. Clinging to the periphery of the pole, as if itching for admission, are other tumultuous weather systems, including a 5,000-mile-wide (8,000 km) behemoth known as the North North Temperate Little Red Spot 1, the third-largest anticyclonic oval storm on Jupiter.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

NASA’s Juno Will Perform Close Flyby of Jupiter’s Icy Moon Europa

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-jun … oon-europa

As the spacecraft makes a close approach of the moon, it is expected to provide valuable science – and remarkable imagery – for NASA’s upcoming Europa Clipper mission.

On Thursday, Sept. 29, at 2:36 a.m. PDT (5:36 a.m. EDT), NASA’s Juno spacecraft will come within 222 miles (358 kilometers) of the surface of Jupiter’s ice-covered moon, Europa. The solar-powered spacecraft is expected to obtain some of the highest-resolution images ever taken of portions of Europa’s surface, as well as collect valuable data on the moon’s interior, surface composition, and ionosphere, along with its interaction with Jupiter’s magnetosphere.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Jupiter flyby

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr9nXXMP3vM

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Juno

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ukXRu5bSNs

Io the Volcanic Moon of Jupiter, slightly larger than Earth's Moon, the most volcanically active world in the solar system, exploding Volcano and lakes of molten silicate lava on its surface. A slight ellipsoid in shape, with its longest axis directed toward Jupiter,  first reported and recorded observation of Io was made by Galileo Galilei, visited by Pioneer, Voyager and Gallieo Spacecraft,  Cassini spacecraft had a distant and brief encounter with the Jovian system en route to Saturn,  New Horizons spacecraft, en route to Pluto and the Kuiper belt, flew by the Jovian system.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Just Dropped: New Close-up Images of Io from Juno, With More to Come

https://www.universetoday.com/160400/ju … e-to-come/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Juno Just Snapped Some of The Best And Clearest Images of Io Yet
https://www.sciencealert.com/juno-just- … -of-io-yet
NASA's Juno spacecraft flew by Jupiter's moon Io, coming within 51,500 km (32,030 miles)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

A new Volcanic plume on IO Moon?

https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/junoca … g?id=15079

larger bright dot / spot within darkness east/right of the terminator

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-05-18 12:59:40)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Astronomy Picture of the Day

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230523.html

Big storms are different on Jupiter. On Earth, huge hurricanes and colossal cyclones are centered on regions of low pressure, but on Jupiter, it is the high-pressure, anti-cyclone storms that are the largest. On Earth, large storms can last weeks, but on Jupiter they can last years. On Earth, large storms can be as large as a country, but on Jupiter, large storms can be as large as planet Earth. Both types of storms are known to exhibit lightning. The featured image of Jupiter's clouds was composed from images and data captured by the robotic Juno spacecraft as it swooped close to the massive planet in August 2020.  A swirling white oval is visible nearby, while numerous smaller cloud swirls extend into the distance.  On Jupiter, light-colored clouds are usually higher up than dark clouds. Despite their differences, studying storm clouds on distant Jupiter provides insights into storms and other weather patterns on familiar Earth.

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Green Lightning inside a swirling vortex near Jupiter's pole.

Juno captures lightning bolts above Jupiter's north pole

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Juno … e_999.html

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Fresh from Jupiter, we have new views of its active moon Io, thanks to the JunoMission.
https://twitter.com/NASASolarSystem/sta … 3529369600
JunoCam even caught a glimpse of a volcanic plume! This is Prometheus, the "Old Faithful of Io."

More images:

https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/junoca … rce=public

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

NASA’s Juno to Get Close Look at Jupiter’s Volcanic Moon

The orbiter has performed 56 flybys of Jupiter and documented close encounters with three of the gas giant’s four largest moons.

This JunoCam image of Jupiter’s moon Io captures a plume of material ejected from the (unseen) volcano Prometheus. Indicated by the red arrow, the plume is just visible in the darkness below the terminator (the line dividing day and night).

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-jun … -on-dec-30

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

A Complex Region of Europa's Surface With Hints of Recent Activity Revealed by Juno's Stellar Reference Unit

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com … 23JE008105

Io

'3.5 more hours'
https://twitter.com/volcanopele/status/ … 3814168781

Last edited by Mars_B4_Moon (2023-12-30 13:56:41)

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Juno makes its first ultra-close flyby of the volcano-covered moon Io

https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/01/n … tive-moon/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

NASA’s Juno Captures Two Active Volcanic Plumes on Jupiter’s Moon Io

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-juno-cap … s-moon-io/

Mars_B4_Moon

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Re: Juno - Jupiter Polar Orbiter

Jet in Jupiter's atmosphere found to fluctuate in roughly four-year periods

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-jet-jupit … ughly.html