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http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/lehm … .htm]Terra preta is a remarkably resilient soil filled with a complex suite of micro-organisms. It also "colonizes" poorer soils rather like sourdough bread starter mix provided its not overwhelmed with inorganics.
I propose taking a few hundred kg of this stuff, add a red worm colony, and "feed it" plant waste (plover) and additional plants grown expressly for composting (kudzu is a fun favorite of mine!), select minerals harvested from incinerated human waste and select minerals harvested from the Martian regolith.
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A few years ago we had a HUGE "hydroponics" versus "soil" argument here at NewMars. IIRC, most people were content to end up answering "Both" - - start with hydroponics (actually MREs for the first mission) and move towards soil as permanent settlement gets going.
Edited By BWhite on 1102361466
I think there was a thread about this already...
The long and short of it is that these people are full of crap, that their beam would require far too much electricity and fuel to produce on either end, and the beam may be deflected/dissapated by natural magnetic fields, if it could be focused over such a long distance at all. Oh, and if the beam pushes on way, the space station will be moved the other, and the beam will knock the firing station right out of orbit.
Hmmmm. . .
Can't say I disagree in any respect with GCNRevenger on this one. :;):
And what would the ESA do with them? LEO. Big deal.
Propaganda. Especially after orbiter is grounded and CEV has yet to fly. NASA asking ESA for a ride to ISS?
Cost? 2 billion euros
Value? Priceless
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That gap between 2010 when orbiter stands down and 2014 when CEV flies might be painful.
Sure they can do it for less money absolutely, but can they do it for a smaller portion of GDP? I doubt it. So "cheaper" is a relative term.
If they can do it for less money absolutely then they can defiantly do it for a smaller portion of the EU's GDP.
*shrugs* The EU would have to send an awful lot of money Russia's way without getting any of it back... I don't know if they will be that generous.
Buy Klipers. Not rides, buy the vehicle itself.
Design the ESA version so it can ride up on a big Ariane. Pay the Russians a billion euros, or two, and take possession of TWO Ariane capable Klipers in exchange. Voila! ESA can now send its own astronauts to LEO.
Can the ESA possibly design and build its own man-rated launch system for two billion euros?
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Design a Delta IVH version and sell it to NASA. Heh!
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Quid pro quo. France helps Russia land on the Moon, and in exchange the ESA gets independent human access to LEO.
Edited By BWhite on 1102107631
Sure they can do it for less money absolutely, but can they do it for a smaller portion of GDP? I doubt it. So "cheaper" is a relative term.
If they can do it for less money absolutely then they can defiantly do it for a smaller portion of the EU's GDP.
Especially if they sell the television rights.
Perhaps. But Putin and Chirac would be foolish to let NASA return to the Moon first if a French-Russian mission can gte there sooner and cheaper.
Absolutely, and what kind of response can best be whipped up to such a development? An "O'Neillian" space-colony vision... or a "von Braunian" national pride response to beat them? "The French are going to beat us?" That alone has some usefulness. While I'm a firm believer that we must go into space to stay and live, I don't think we can realistically sell that vision without some intermediate steps. "O'Neillian" can evolve from "von Braunian" with a little prodding. A good space-race, if played well, can lay the groundwork for exactly the sort of vision we want. It takes time and pressure, but the indirect route is the most viable at this point.
And I agree with this.
But Apollo was 100% von Braunian. Okay, 95% with some nice rock sampling. And if the VSE proves to be essentially von Braunian it will end like Apollo did.
The CEV needs to fly on an inexpensive booster so the O'Neillian vision can be integrated into the Saganaut and von Braunian motivations. Delta IVH may be affordable for a von Braunian program but its too expensive (per pound to LEO) for a sustainable O'Neillian program.
Without competition, the aerospace giants will coil, not stretch those spirals. Remember the original Mars plan from 1989?
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I doubt that VSE is some ploy for the military conquest of space Bill... there really isn't that much to conquer that you need soldiers for. The USAF probobly wouldn't mind bigger rockets, cheaper smaller ones, and limited manned flight capability to Earth orbit... but a military base on the Moon?
I didn't say that. I said that a von Braunian & Saganaut vision would exclude the O'Neillians.
Rock collecting is not "entering space" - - besides clark is the big military moonbase guy. A military moonbase is really not all that useful, IMHO.
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As for protectionism, I agree IF we also hold the areospace industry's feet to the fire and require them to be more productive. To be protectionist yet pretend we are not is the worst possible combination.
After all, Detoit responded to the Japanese challenge by making better cars.
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And why wouldn't we want to build EELVs? They do everything we need them to do, including get us to the Moon. Only Mars is out of their reach.
Perhaps. But Putin and Chirac would be foolish to let NASA return to the Moon first if a French-Russian mission can gte there sooner and cheaper. And with Zenit / Proton / Kliper it will be much cheaper for them than it will be for us with our liquid EELVs.
Edited By BWhite on 1102100943
Technology is only getting better. There are always solutions to problems and I think we need to shift the focus away from concentrating on the problems and toward concentrating on the solutions.
GCNR is telling us to work up to a standard, not down to a price, which is highly commendable... GCNR seems to be telling us... that human space exploration is just not going to happen, it's all too hard or too expensive, so forget it!
...pin-point landings are perfectly possible and doable, and I agree with them. Radiation shielding technology, e.g. Demron, is advancing, and using the mission's water supplies and a radiation storm shelter have all been worked out... We're supposed to be full of optimism and enthusiasm and a can-do attitude.
I certainly don't think that manned flight is too expensive or impractical, it can be done and should be done in order to preclude the possibility that the Earth cannot sustain a developed humanity on its own, to enrich our lives through fulfillment of the psychological need for exploration, and perhaps to fulfill the material and psychological desire to expand.
What I see going on around here is that people are getting too excited, particularly about MarsDirect and Doc Zubrin, and not looking at the mission like it should be looked at and how it will be looked at by congressmen, scientists, and engineers. In the excitement and zeal, this fallacy that going to Mars is no big deal... that its easy and not as hard as the naysayers make it out to be... is a serious threat to the credibility of Marsies'. That and its side-effects is what I am trying to address.
MarsDirect is one such side effect, that the desire and beliefe that "doing Mars" is easy has produced a mission arcitecture that is unworkable and unsafe without sacrificing all the scientific payload and then some or even perhaps with a politically touchie and expensive revival of NTR propulsion. The fact that it is too optimistic seems to be glossed over by proponets who are desperate to prove the "no big deal" fallacy.
Another issue is the idea that technology improvements will somehow ride to the rescue. The problem is still inherintly a fundimental one, that because of the limited energy density of chemical or solid-core NTR engines plus the high minimum degree of complexity and robustness. These facts quite simply demand a mission that is bigger and more expensive then at least Doc Zubrin is willing to accept, and this is an almost fatal blow to taking a smart man like him seriously. The same goes for talk of the AltSpace folks magically overcoming the energy density problem with capitalist innovation magic, and that Boeing/LockMart/etc are greedy liars that make space travel (some perhaps) far far more expensive then it "could be" or somthing.
Frankly, I have more sympathy for this position that it may sometimes appear.
However, for the Zubrin-ites to disarm absent an agreement from the "O'Keefe is God" people & "the VSE is all we need" people also to disarm would be a bad political move.
I do doubt we can straighten out those spirals (spiral development) quite as much as Zubrin wants, yet they do need to be straightened out - - in large part because the politicians have yet to openly debate the Saganaut; von Braunian and O'Neillian motivations for space exploration.
I fear a "bait and switch" - - talk coyly about exploration and 15 or 20 years from now, surprise, surprise, surprise. . .
The VSE aint nothing but a bunch of uniformed military guys - - on loan to NASA - - collecting rocks. Making the Saganauts mildly happy, the von Braunians very happy and the O'Neill-ians 100% left out in the cold.
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There are good national security reasons why we need a domestic launch industry, however, if the Russians can lift mass to LEO for a fraction of the price Boeing charges, then for commercial purposes it becomes the same question as whether to buy a Honda Accord or a Ford Taurus.
Whats the better value?
The Russians have beaten us rather soundly on reliable low cost medium lift. Either our companies get down below $2000-$2500 per pound (Proton/Zenit) or we import or we openly admit what we are doing is protectionist.
What is ironic is that America now has the capability to build BIG rockets, far larger than puny Energia but all we want to do is build EELVs.
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Speaking of http://www.oodwooc.f9.co.uk/rabbit/R14.jpg]bunnies. . .
I once knew this fellow who kept a pet rabbit. A male.
A really dumb bunny.
Anyway this rabbit thought that balloons were, well, girl bunnies so he would climb on top of them (it) which usually caused a big *POP*
One New Years Morning my friend and his fiance were lying in bed trying to wake up when they started hearing
* Pop *
then
* Pop *
and again and again all from downstairs where there had been a New Years Eve party.
The couple forced themselves out of bed and went downstairs and saw that their rabbit had gotten loose and was hitting on all the stray balloons leftover from the party the night before.
He told us he and his fiance couldn't stop laughing after they'd watch a * Pop * and if you could read rabbit facial expressions, their poor dumb bunny just wanted to know:
"Hey, where'd she go?"
If the ERV/MAV is a seperate vehicle from the HAB module/lander, then carrying the long range rover in the initial vehicle is non-negotiable, the risk of landing error with today's technology is too great.
Apollo 12 landed within walking distance of Surveyor 3. If we could do it in 1969, why can't we do it now? Airbag landing systems are low accuracy, and Mars Pathfinder didn't have any means of recognizing topography for last-minute manoeuvres. Modern lidar combined with landing rockets/legs have pin-point accuracy; especially with a beacon to target. A long-range rover is a good emergency backup, but you only need an open rover with extra supplies for suit life support, and a pressure tent to sleep in.
A sensible robotic precursor mission would be to deploy guidance transponders in a nice grid pattern all around the ERV/MAV. During the 10 months or so between the landing of the ERV/MAV and the launch of Mars One scurry about with robot drones dropping guidance beacons to ping the incoming crewed descent module.
Didn't both MERs hit very nicely within their landing ellipses?
In the meantime, throw rovers and supplies and practice.
Why do you want to explore?
Saganaut? For science, leaving only footprints and taking only pictures?
von Braunian? For the greater glory of the nation-state? "Great nations do great things"
O'Neillian? To expand the human biosphere and permanent presence, meaning settlement.
During Apollo, the motivation was von Braunian. Since then, the motivation has been mostly Saganaut. I think that the primary motivation of most space enthusiasts is O'Neillian, but this motivation is not acknowledged by NASA and there is a large "giggle factor" involved.
Without official acceptance of the O'Neillian ideas, proponents of human space exploration must phrase all of their arguments in Saganaut terms. This makes it more difficult for space activists to convince the government to fund many important human spaceflight projects and that is one of the reasons why NASA's fraction of the federal budget keeps shrinking. Getting NASA to accept O'Neillian philosophy is probably the most important thing that space activists can achieve right now.
Exactly! Spot on, dude.
Lander? How do you get the thing down? Developing, building, and operating a Martian RLV or building a fleet of throw-away landers isn't going to be cheap either.
For crew? Yes, you need a lander.
For bags of freeze dried plant food and tofu use air bags like MER did. So you pop a few now and again. Big deal.
:;):
$1000 per pound? Zenit-2 is darn close, today.
Off the shelf 5 segment Thiokol SRM with 3 RL-10s as an upper stage is darn close to $50 million and 50,000 pounds. Without tweaking. The earlier ASRM might be even better.
Skip Canaveral and skip the standing army. Build it on a launch pad in Grenanda. No crawler, just a crane attached to the gantry. Stack the segments and set the RL-10 cluster on top.
Fill the concrete flame trench with sea water and let her rip.
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With a nuclear thermal tug able to travel from LEO to L1 and back, nearly 100% of mass lifted to LEO can be sent to Mars. Given a full on settlememt effort, delivery to Mars would be very slighlty more than the cost of launch to LEO.
$1,000 per pound to LEO, today. $500 per pound or less as the Russian & Ukrainian assembly lines get rolling or we make RL-10 rocket engines in Vietnam or Indonesia paying workers $25 per hour.
Then use the NERVA tug to haul the stuff to L1 and do a lunar fly-by followed by a Terran fly-by and Mars injection. The cargo flies a ballistic trajectory while the tug aerobrakes in Earth's atmosphere and returns for the next load.
Don't need no stinking RLV for cargo launches.
Question: Is human space exploration a niche market?
Why do you want to explore?
Saganaut? For science, leaving only footprints and taking only pictures?
von Braunian? For the greater glory of the nation-state? "Great nations do great things"
O'Neillian? To expand the human biosphere and permanent presence, meaning settlement.
I only know one principle of design. Form follows function. Tell me which of the above you want to do and only then should we discuss how.
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Niche market?
IMHO no one really cares very much about the first two motivation for going into space and therefore significant funding and political support will be perpetually difficult unless we embrace the 3rd objective.
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http://music.msn.com/list?list=5f364fd5 … 15]Special Cobra Christmas tunes!
Enjoy!
:band: :band: :band:
Pi day? You are such a geek. :laugh:
Pi day? Pecan please.
Hmmm, I wonder what Saudi Arabia might think of a Shia democracy/theocracy in Iraq...
They routinely suppress their own Shiite population (saudi arabia being primarily Whabbi Sunni)
And the idea of "autonomous" anything is a bit far fetched. What are we going to do when the Shia dominant government insist that Kudish controlled autonomous zones are illegal? Which side do you choose in that civil war?
Yup. The Saudis won't like it one bit.
As for the Kurds, no one in Iraq will mess with the peshmerga so long as there are resentful Sunni Baath causing trouble. But otherwise I agree, Kurdistan will be essentially independent perhaps with a figleaf of Iraqi statehood for the sake of appearances. And an Iraq-Turkish war may well happen because of it.
(Kurds in Iraq are freedom fighters while Kurds in Turkey are terrorists. Yup, its a black & white world)
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Here's an idea. Release Saddam and put him back in power.
After all, a secular strongman running Iraq simply is the best way to resolve the many cans of worms you describe.
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http://www.juancole.com/2004/12/iraq-el … c.html]The irony of elections:
One reporter offer this
"widespread attitude among Shiites:"
' "This election, for me, will be the happiest moment in my life, because it means we will end the occupation," said Ahmad al-Asadi, who sells mobile phones from a little store alongside the Kadhimiya mosque, a Shiite shrine. That's how Shiite leaders are pitching the vote: as a chance to end America's military presence in Iraq peacefully, through the ballot box. It also is a chance for Iraq's long-downtrodden Shiites, who account for 60 percent of the population, to throw off centuries of oppression by the Sunni minority and take a commanding role in the country's government. '
What we will get is a moderately free state NOT ruled by murderous goons yet who look to an Islamic cleric as their primary source of moral authority.
Hey, so long as we Americans can accept that 2 out of 3 ain't bad (Meatloaf anyone?) things might actually be okay. But, we could have had this same result 14 months ago. And, Shia Iran becomes a major fringe benefit winner from this result.
Bring on the elections!
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0, … 0.html]And this:
Iraq's Shia parties have built a powerful political alliance uniting moderates with extremists and seem likely to dominate next month's general election. The coalition, formed in weeks of private negotiations, will put forward a joint list of candidates. The process has been overseen by Iraq's most revered Shia cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who has designated aides to unite the diverse Shia parties and to vet the many independent candidates standing with them.
Although he seeks no political role for himself, the influence of the Iranian-born ayatollah will ensure that the government has a deeply religious character and that Islam is a central tenet of the constitution that must be written next year.
Sistani is one crafty dude.
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Sure, Kurdishland. What about Turkey? You think they might not be a bit upset by that?
Water under the bridge. That eggshell has already been cracked. How many US Marines will it take to subdue the peshmerga? We ain't got enough.
Besides Israel has already been forming pacts with the Kurds.
We talked about this exact point 2 years ago, remember?
The sooner we accept that Sistani is the BEST we can hope for, the sooner this all ends.
I can accept that, though my preference (from a purely strategic standpoint) is to turn the country over to Sistani with the exception of an independent (probably nominal rather than formal) Kurdistan. They're settled, they don't have a big beef with us. Let a moderate Shia cleric run the rest of the place for awhile, stir up the terrorists and non-jihadist Sunnis just by being there with the authority. Nothing like thousand-year-old religious BS to distract people and keep them focused on things other than fighting us.
Okay, we agree.
Whew!
Go back in the threads. I have been saying for years that the Kurds deserve their own country.
clark, I agree. The die is cast and six months or a year from now we will see what happens.
Sistani has followers slightly younger than him who honor the seniority system (unlike Sadr) - - the Iraqi Shia survived Saddam for goodness sakes. That teaches craftiness.
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What is ironic is that because we are in Iraq, our ability to whack Iranian nuclear facilities with air strikes or special forces is actually reduced because Iran has not openly entered the Iraq war.
If Saddam were still in power (or if Saddam were gone and we also had already withdrawn) I'd say send in Delta Force and the B-2s and clean out those Iranian enrichment facilities.
Do that today, and the Green Zone will start receiving thousands of Iranian missiles and hundreds of thousands of Iranian soldiers will flood into Iraq.
I think the article missed the mark on one count- the terroists will not strike church land americana. It will strike our economic centers.
I disagree. They cannot match 9/11 for economic impact.
Striking a big church will also stir up internal American conflicts. After such an attack, any American who does not profess Jesus as his/her personal saviour will be deemed suspect by the rabid reds.
That will damage our economy more than losing a factory or pipeline.
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This is exactly what Paul Bremer did NOT do. The neo-cons fully intended to wipe the slate clean and establish western capitalism by fiat on an ancient society.
Yes, and we should have stopped the terrorists before they got on the planes, and we should never have gone into Vietnam, and McClellan should have pursued the rebs instead of setting camp, and the Romans should have just exiled Jesus to Alexandria and some such place. Yeah, great. But let's look at the here and now.
And in this case, DEAD WRONG! Cindy want to make a bet?
So, are you saying that one side of this argument is entirely 100% right and the other totally flat out wrong? You really want to go on record with that, Bill? :;):
Nope!
We should have removed Saddam and given the keys to Iraq to Sistani sooner rather than later. The Shia we screwed in 1990 are our best allies.
The sooner we accept that Sistani is the BEST we can hope for, the sooner this all ends.
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Does Iraq weaken our position? Yes and no. We have fewer troops to commit to other operations and less political capital to do so. Yet we have an opportunity to kill terrorists, stir them up (just as useful to us as the converse is to them if played right) and practice fighting them in urban areas under live-fire conditions. Harsh, but there it is. We are bleeding resources on a lesser level than they are, but still taking damage though in the short term we have a base of operations in the region and long-term a potential democratic ally to show off to the neighboring states. Ooh, prosperity. Shiny...
If this proves true. But if this starts proving true, expect escalated outrages against cooperative Iraqis. And oil sabotage.
And if Sistani's followers win the January elections, we wither leave or fight an enemy many times larger than our current enemy. The Shia are sitting on the hands, keeping their powder dry because THEY will pervail at the ballot box.
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But no further point in arguing about Iraq. January and February and March will come soon enough and reality cannot be escaped.
I posted the essay as being insightful into how terror works, and why. Like when confronted with the Milgram experiemnt stuff, some people just refuse to face reality. Until it blows up in their face.
Bush won the right to try it his way. Lets just wait and see what happens.