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#1601 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-13 13:48:04

It is cheaper to get work done by factories abroad, there labour cost and lack of health and safety laws mean yes it will be cheaper. But what is really happening is that the Big corporations are going to these third world countries so that they can make extra profit to pay there shareholders more. This is called Capitalism

The problem is that any action the USA takes to stop this is called creating a trade barrier these lead to trade wars and since balance of trade is the export/import and if the USA imposes a trade barrier then other countries will do the same. And the cycle continues where American goods will cost more than other countries make so jobs get lost. When people lose there jobs or things do not get bought then a country is in recession. Just to make matters worse Most major american corporations rely on those profits to pay for the takeovers they have done over the years, if the profits get reduced then they have to shed jobs or go under. All this effects the goverment in paying for unemployment benefit and in reduced tax from buisness. So the simple fact is the American economy is between a rock and a hard place, there are no easy decisions that will result in quick fixes. If any Goverment puts up taxes too high to pay for its spending it will lose its next election when the other party says vote for us we reduce taxes. The other way is to reduce expenditure and that means not paying NASA or no more big defence contracts. And another point any attempt to tax buisness too much and they move we live in a global economy and this means that a company can move to better conditions and they do.

#1602 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-13 09:48:00

Those suits will likely have a form of coverall over them as it reduces the damage done by Abrasive dust. I have read it somewhere that NASA planned to do this.

#1603 Re: Human missions » Post central for information on CEV 2 - ...continue here. » 2004-09-13 09:37:53

With the way the shuttle was done we can probably expect progress in about 10 years. Of course this is without the "push" of private enterprise on NASA and we can expect there to be some changes on how the CEV is created.

Also there is the other space agencies and there operations which could spur NASA to actually move faster than the usual snail pace. But we also have to be aware that there are budget constraints against manned flight.

So for your answer SpaceNut the answer is we have no idea, there are too many factors to consider that effect the answer

#1604 Re: Martian Politics and Economy » A Dose of Hard, Cold, Economic Reality - International Cooperation is Essential » 2004-09-12 14:58:28

Well though the United States national debt is 7 trillion this is still bad as it started in the 5 trillions at the end of the 90s but at that increase of 2 trillion in just 4 years it kind of is worriesome.

#1605 Re: Martian Politics and Economy » A Dose of Hard, Cold, Economic Reality - International Cooperation is Essential » 2004-09-12 10:54:33

The willingness the American people have to pay for any increases in the cost of Gas is small. With the recent rise in Oil prises it has started a lot of discontent. Anyway both parties have been using the term Tax cut a lot so I think the American debt is here to stay

#1606 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-12 10:45:36

What is this urgent need to send a mass of people to the moon or even mars? 

We don't have to sail the seas in wooden ships during hurricane season anymore.  This is not a smart way to explore the universe.  Such an incredible risk to human life is not necessary and if something were to happen your effort would doom human exploration of the universe for a very long time.

Dook it is in Human nature to explore and to settle new lands it is called the continuation of the species. If we did not think like this we would have remained in Africa leaving the very inhospitable ice covered North to the Neanderthals.

And it is not an urgent need as it will take some technological improvements and some already possible techniques to be used before we can start to colonise Mars. But im from the Moon landing generation that watched us land on the Moon then stop. Next time we go we should go with the intent to Stay and prosper. We will take steps to ensure that we can get it done right this time. But until then we should be doing the steps that we can do now and when the required technologies and will come along then we can go for the full colonisation

#1607 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-12 10:32:32

I'm not sure I agree with a lot of what has been suggested. In The Case for Mars, Zubrin proposed a very simple Mars colonization spacecraft. It would use the Ares booster, which can put 140 tonnes in low Earth orbit; solid-core nuclear engines, which can be developed for a few billion if the political will can be found; and a 70-tonne "habcraft," five stories high, four for 24 crew and 1 for cargo, which would be the housing for 24 colonists in space and on the surface. The solid core nukes could be reusable and return to Earth orbit; direct aerobraking to the surface would be used for landing. This technology could be developed from Mars Direct. You could send 24 people to Mars for 1 billion dollars, Zubrin says. If you launched 4 such vehicles every 26 months, you'd put 96 people on Mars for the cost of 4 billion, or 2 billion per year; half the cost of the Space Shuttle now. I suspect the real cost would be two or three times as much (Zubrin was using early 1990s dollars). In ten oppositions you'd have 1,500 people on Mars (including children). Then you could decide whether you need a bigger system, but you wouldn't start with a bigger system; you'd work your way up to it.

As for cyclers, I am increasingly sceptical about their utility. They will be occupied 6 months out of 26, which means during the other 20 months, either a small skeleton crew is stuck on a long boring voyage getting fried by radiation, or you worry something breaks. Not only is that a big risk to the equipment, but the equipment is degrading without producing any economic return. I doubt a cycler will be economic. Then there's the problem that if the ferry spacecraft is unable to depart on time, the cycler flies for 26 months with no one on board at all and the passengers have to waith 26 months for another chance. You can't delay the arrival of a cycler; celestial mechanics tells you when it arrives to the second, and that's it. Finally, any error during trans-Mars injection strands a small ferry craft between planets stuffed with too many passengers, who will probably all suffocate in a week or so.

It makes a lot more sense to use a semicycler, a spacecraft based at an Earth-moon or an Earth-sun lagrange point at this end and a very high elliptical orbit or a Mars-sun lagrange point at the other end. Such a cycler will require a very low delta vee to fly between the planets, so it can be larger and more spacious than a ferry craft. The ferry craft can delay its departure if there are mechanical problems because the semicycler isn't going anywhere. If the semicycler has a mechanical problem, a crew can be sent up to fix it any time. Semicyclers could also fly between the planets faster or slower, depending on fuel, ferry schedules, or the sunspot cycle.

         -- RobS

You are assuming we will only have one cycler that does not make sense we will want to have four as a minimum. This allows the gaps between arrivals and departures to be kept to the minimum and should there be a problem with a colony craft it aborts and the colonists can get the next cycler to come to get there transport. And another advantage to cyclers is the capacity they have to be expanded so allowing for larger amounts of people/cargo transported.

The biggest cost in space operations is that first step from Earth to Orbit, we are hoping that new style shuttles will hopefully reduce this cost. If we can reuse the colony craft again and again this will help in keeping the costs down. I want to ensure that all people have the chance to go to Mars and not who the goverment picks. And if the cost of sending a colonist is 150 million $us then forget any colonisation no country can afford that. But the possibility of fully reusable shuttles and Infrastructure can get the cost of the colonist down to 500,000 $us for one then that means it is a possibility though still expensive.

The colonists colonisation craft will be nuclear and it will be as reusable as we can make it. The cycler in its nature is reusable with it recieving resupply from Moon launched mass driven materials like oxygen etc.

#1608 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-12 04:18:33

When we do actually start exporting substantial Lunar materials and have decided the need to colonise Mars should be done then we will build colonisation ships. These would be cyclers but unlike the Battlestar Galaticas of the 90 day plan these would be similar to the O'Neill spinning colonies. Why well what is the use of sending colonists who would be too weak to be able to exert themselves on mars, and since we will probably be sending 100 at a time then it should be under a form of gravity and this is best useing O'Neill type wheels.

Of course we would have practiced in the making of such designs by making a station in LEO that would provide us as a spaceport for earth that could be reached by the new advanced shuttles that carry large numbers of passengers and tourists to the LEO station. There a Lunar form of a nuclear craft could boost them to the Moon or a colony pod for mars to the Cycler.

Of course im dreaming but that is the way we need to go and until its in place we will find it dificult to do anything on a large scale in space. And colonisation is a large scale operation.

#1609 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-12 04:07:40

The one advantage we have yet to mention is that if we start a telerobotic base on the Moon to use Lunar materials this will need us to actually have centers on Earth to control them. One of these centers should be in India as it has the location, education standard and desire to be in the space race.

Why should we do this well in the case of politics it will give another country and its friends who will support a change in the outer space treaty if it sees direct benefit to itself.

This would also see a groundswell of public support form these countries to push for space and this will hopefully lead to more support in the space tired west. And if the outer space treaty can be modified to allow at the least licensing of mining and use of space materials then we get private enterprise willing to push money into space investment.

#1610 Re: Not So Free Chat » Gun safety demonstration » 2004-09-12 03:24:59

Back in school many years ago I had a physics teacher who was demonstrating the use of a bunsen burner and highlighting proper use to make it safer, maybe he should have taken his own advice you see he set his white lab coat on fire in front of us.

Well no injuries but he never did live that down

But why tell you this amusing story, well it shows Murphys laws as believed by me

1) Anything that can go wrong will go wrong
2) Anything that can go wrong will go wrong UNLESS someone takes time to ensure that it does not
3) Million to one chances come around nine times out of ten

#1611 Re: Life support systems » Ultimate power source? - Pebble-bed reactors » 2004-09-11 17:15:12

We wont have that many people to keep an eye on any energy production gear so if we want a good safety measure we ought to ensure that the system we do use is a bit idiot proof. And it does seem that a pebble bed reactor has that function over a sophisticated liquid metal cooled system.

#1612 Re: Unmanned probes » Jeffrey Bell's take on Genesis - The New Editorial » 2004-09-11 17:10:59

Do you know what really disturbs me about Mr Bells absolutly straight hatred with all space programs except his beloved telescopes. People read his forum who dont know better and when as is now it seems to be a DOOM scenario they get it into there heads and these people think negative about future space missions or even worse become frightened about space exploration without all the facts. It annoys that he airs these thoughts and we have to spend so much time saying the man is a blithering idiot and ignore the reference to a 70s B movie. Of course it could be that he does this as he wants all space programs except his beloved telescope stopped and he is looking for ways to put all space missions down. But I would have thought he would have been happy for an unmanned probe to have been used he has harked on about cancelling manned flight for years. But I think we will just have to get used to Mr Bell coming out with these comments for years to come, certainly it seems he has loads to say to down any space program.

#1613 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-11 16:59:40

To be able to fully colonize mars we need to really go for it and this needs infrastructure.

The vikings colonized America but there colonisation effort relied on longboats and Knars which though for there age where the greatest sailing vessels in existence they where too small. As such we now need archeologists to find out where the Vikings had been. This is the stage we are with our space program our craft are too small and though we can send our people to Mars we will ultimatly fail with the small craft we have.

The next colonisation that came though used much bigger ships these could carry a decent amount of people and the colonies where able to get more and more people to replace the ones who died due to the hard life they faced. These lead to the cruise liners who took colonists and tourists in bulk to America so doubling its population again and again and providing the workforce and impetus to go west. This is what the Moon can do it can allow us to build the large ships which means when we go to Mars to colonise we go in force and we succeed.

Another point is the Moon will give us the skills we need to be able to go further than Mars and for that it is worth doing all on its own.

#1614 Re: Human missions » Space Initive Launch Vehicle » 2004-09-11 16:44:55

You are considering two stage or even single stage to Orbit tsto or stto and vertical take off, vtol.(this is for guests who may not know the terms).

Almost right. wink

SSTO = single stage to orbit - possible but not practical
TSTO = two stages to orbit - the compromise accepted by most design teams.
HTOL = Horizontal take off and landing - like a 747
VTOL = Vertical take off and landing - like the DC-X or a helicopter
VTOHL = Vertical take off and horizontal landing - like the shuttle.

Of course it may be that by the time we get to 2040/2050 (which I believe was part of the orrigonal question) we'll be able to make carbon 10^8m nanotubes and the issue will be largely redundant! wink

ANTIcarrot.

Thanks ANTIcarrot just there have been a lot of guests on and it might help them understand when we go to lingo what we are talking about.

Cargo to orbit is best sent one way the mass fractions for any space plane either two stage or single are small and a dumb booster rocket can beat them easily if all you want is to send things up and not return. Spaceplanes though are excellent passenger light satelite carriers and will return so when we have a need for a lot of people in space then the spaceplane age will come true at last. But, until that time that we have a need for a lot of people travelling to stations in LEO then rockets will be our mainstay.

#1615 Re: Human missions » China The Dominant Superpower In 20 Years..... - What does this mean for US? » 2004-09-11 16:36:59

China has a lot of recent experience with Maglevs, In shanghai for instance they now have the largest working maglev train system. The design came from germany I think but with the chinese doing all the labour im sure they have learned a lot. Well with us getting closer and closer to room tempature super conduction if they take the long view they can learn how to do it now and when the required missing technology is brought along probably by the computer/electronics industry it wont take them long to get going. That is something we do not have much of in the west patience but it seems the chinese can play the waiting game.

#1616 Re: Human missions » China The Dominant Superpower In 20 Years..... - What does this mean for US? » 2004-09-10 16:07:31

We have studied it
The spaceliner 100 concept space plane would have been launched by this means. By use of a maglev it would have gained a lot of speed before it had to fully power so making for a decent ground based first stage.

Other concepts where the sling-a-tron which would have used a coiled platform to spin a vehicle around and around before shooting it up the barrel. This principle is similar to what a sling would do, If it worked for david!

Blastwave, this concept has a series of short barrel segments that detonate and so thrust the vehicle forward like out of a cannon barrel increasing speed each explosion. This destroys the launch system though.

#1617 Re: Human missions » Space Initive Launch Vehicle » 2004-09-10 15:33:41

You are considering two stage or even single stage to Orbit tsto or stto and vertical take off, vtol.(this is for guests who may not know the terms).

But why if we are trying to build a space plane with two stages does it have to be vertical launch. If we are going to go for two stages make the lower section another plane. This way the lower stage can use already available technology to get to a decent height before igniting rockets to speed up before releasing the second stage at the required speed. This principle was shown to work look at the X15. I have ignored single stage as the mass fraction that can be sent up is of a very low magnitude with the materials we have currently present. Another advantage to using the two plane method is the lower stage may be used for other purposes so reducing operating cost.

#1618 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-10 03:25:29

Part of what I think the sustanablity portion of the equation is being discussed under the topic NDSS National Department of Space Settlement, We've explored, now let's occupy! and another part of this is making it affordable under How to lower launch costs, Calling our techie gurus. . ., Space Initive Launch Vehicle,  Delta IV Heavy and Beyond , and Post central for information on CEV 2.
All these topics are inter-twined with Nasa's new vision of space exploration but with the strings of budgetary concern and the burden of the past as a hinderance going forward.

Well we have not really explored more like we photographed from distance and set foot on the beach. But you are right we need a base to start doing the real exploration.

#1619 Re: Not So Free Chat » Your Inner Squirrel » 2004-09-10 03:11:13

President Von Bushy

Ian Flint and myself must be related

#1620 Re: Unmanned probes » Genesis goes splat » 2004-09-08 17:34:41

It seems that even worse is that Genesis craked on landing and the samples are contaminated. Also the actual plates are very lightweight glass and have almost no structural strength

Well at least unlike the Beagle we have something to check to find out what went wrong

#1621 Re: Human missions » The need for a Moon direct - and sustainabilty program » 2004-09-08 16:00:44

Smart-1 due to its design will be doing a lot of mapping of the lunar landscape. But due to orbital mechanics it will start mostly with the equator region of the Moon and as the mission continues hopefully more of the Moon including the very important lunar regions of the Moon. What is very exciting is that the resolution of the Photos will be high and this will help plan the next series of landings.

#1622 Re: Science, Technology, and Astronomy » ISS cutbacks » 2004-09-07 17:11:41

And speaking of bugets the recent storms and the next ones to come that have already done quite a bit of damage; where will that money come from to repair those facilities? Oh I know just another delayed or cancelled project or will it be Nasa asking for more money from congress?

Well it could become a very hot political potato when the American Election comes along. Florida is supposed to be a very important state and if it is brought up in an election it may get a lot of high interest. Could be candidates will trip over themselves to promise the repairs

#1623 Re: Not So Free Chat » Purple Heart "Badges" at RNC » 2004-09-07 17:03:53

"The British Royal Institute of International Affairs reports that if current conditions in Iraq continue, the only likely outcome would be a major civil war which could destabilize the entire Middle East."

There are many outcomes with roughly equal probability, but this does illustrate what I believe is one of the big errors of the current Administration that may yet come up to bite us.

Why must splitting the country be unthinkable? One democratic Iraq is certainly preferable, but if it must break apart perhaps we should facilitate that and in so doing prevent civil war. Let it break, then work with each of the new nations. It creates some peripheral problems, but should not have been off the table from the outset. We may need to re-examine it, unless we quickly muster the will and resolve to hold a nation with artificial borders together.

There is the little problem that we the west have few allies in this area and many enemies. Should Iraq split what would happen is our allies would be harmed and our enemies given new ground to operate in.

The Kurds are wanting a large part of one of our best friends there turkey and if we find Iraq splits then the likelihood is we will have another Iran or two. Not to mention the likehood of serious Ethnic cleansing and very bloody civil war.

#1624 Re: Mars Rovers / University Rover Challenge » Simulation of Intelligent Robotic Colony » 2004-09-06 15:55:05

If a Mars scenario, then I'd not bother with plastics, per se, metal is 'good' enough: the low gravity makes for very interesting properties: Beams with the strenghth of Iron (because they are made of Fe., heehee) but with the weight of Alu...
And metal hardware stuff (mixes) can be made fairly easy with simple molds, using wax/clay... No high pressure stuff, you could probably make a  'rapid prototype-printer,' working with wax instead of plastics... make the models, encase them in clay, et voila.

OTOH.... Hmmm... clay on Mars??? Hmmm... maybe just use 'Martian Portland cement' instead? (Oh, and recycle the wax, should be quite possible, if heated gently, then filter it etc...)

Some of the properties of metal under low gravity are still to be fully worked out so you may get stronger materials than that. Also imagine what quality of metal we could get if set in High gravity?

Another material possible to make would be reinforced concrete with the extra support of iron in the mix. This could make for a decent form of shielding.

#1625 Re: Intelligent Alien Life » Prudent or Paranoid ? - Have radio transmissions doomed Man ? » 2004-09-06 15:49:18

But here is the rub,
The seti crowd used one of the giant radio telescopes to send a message OUT, guite a few years ago.

The strength of that signal will not peter out

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