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#8676 Life support systems » Mars Colony "Vacuum welding, Sintering". » 2012-04-15 10:05:16

Void
Replies: 8

I made the subject name start similar to "Mars Colony Cement and Concrete".  In fact I was considering putting this there and you can certainly move it if you want.

In this case I am hoping that forms would allow natural materials such as dune material to be "Vacuum welded/Sintered" into blocks by the material being exposed to a higher vacuum than is natural on the surface of Mars, and also with the application of heat.

Here are some links for reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cementing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering

This would involve molds, a vacuum, and a heat source, and perhaps a Hydrolic Ram.

The mold itself could be evacuated, or I think more probabbly a building would be constructed where the pressure is evacuated, a large vacuum bell.  This should be more practicle to do on Mars as it is now, than it is to do on the Earth (~6MB vs ~1000MB+).

I presume that people in counterpressure suits could work inside of that chamber, as easily as out on the surface of Mars.

Obviously I am attracted to the dunes because there may be a general similarity of the particles in a dune, and these might be cemented with ice, but otherwise it should be possible to shovel the stuff up.

This then would be a "Ceramic" material.

However, there has been a discussion of collecting magnetic iron from the surface of Mars.  I wonder if that could be cleaned could it also be sintered?  Not likely to be a high grade metal material, but maybe as good as Cast Iron?  In such a sintering process, could fibers of a material with a equal or higher melt point be imbedded, to provide greater strength?  Sintering occurs at a temperature below the melting point of the materials.

Another thought is could the magnetic iron collected be ground down in a "Balling Drum" to a powder, and that poweder also be used to print 3D objects inside of the vacuum bell, using Vacuum Welding/Sintering?  If structured and with fiber additives, perhaps something quite strong could result, without the standard steel making process.  I used to work in a place with "Balling Drums"  used to grind Taconite Ore. It was a wet process.

#8677 Re: Terraformation » Impact Ejecta » 2012-04-15 09:15:58

Clark, I thank you for your guidance.   I see that you have been here a long time, and I would never want to mess up what others have made.

However, Karov and Terraformer say a lot of interesting things, some times seeming very far out, and sometimes even impracticle, but that is only our preception.  A new thing is usually poorly crafted at first.  Hard work makes it into something that people take for granted.

I was attempting to establish a scaffold for connetion to Karovs thinking, which I have a hard time understanding sometimes.  I did throw a bunch of leads out there.  I wanted to see of Karov would reject them or not, that would help me understand what he is driving towards.

You are correct, this material is hard to place for a location here.  I guess if you guys wanted to you could say that things must be only about Mars, but I will respectfully and weakly suggest that:
1) If pan spermia is in fact a natural process, then Mars likely was involved with it, and had life or has life, related to that of Earth and other places.
2) By contemplating expansion of humans to Mars, we are apparently taking the first baby steps towards a possible future which would involve interstellar civilization, and by speculating on what existing alien civilizations may have done, we can speculate better on the future of our "Kind?" and I guess how Mars might best fit into that progression.

In spite of my arguments, however, I respect your concerns and complaints.

#8678 Re: Terraformation » Impact Ejecta » 2012-04-14 09:12:38

What are E.T.'s motivations?

Let me know if I deviate too far from your notion of what this thread is about.

I really have a problem with the notion that robots would replace humans.  I would be more inclined to think that a robot would want to aquire human properties, and a human aquire robot properties.

Some believe that electronics could evenutally emulate a brain exactly.  I am not so sure. The substances must have different inherant properties.  Especially if quantum effects are a part of the human mind.  However I could certaily be shown wrong on that.

My next move into advanced alienhood, would be to have my skull bone replaced with a computer, or a computer cap you could put over your existing head.  I am presuming that this would involve a computer with atomic level switches.  This would be integrated into the brain, as the next layer. 

So, as far as robots being more intellegent than humans, the big question is just how intellegent do you want a "Person" to be?

Compactness?  I just read an article which suggested that the ability to 3D print physical objects is going to change the notions of business, and industry around the planet.  These are the objects to be printed from plastics and metal powders.

For North America it is suggested that much less would be brought in from China, and that much would be produced locally, very locally.

You suggested that E.T. may not be all that interested in conquering endless expanses of space.

I think that whatever humans may turn into, E.T. could also turn into, so in the end the civilzations would produce similar beings.

I think that the polyneasian model is the one E.T. might choose.  Settle a certain number of star systems, so that when one dies, another is in the process of a revival.  This then gaurantees a continuing heritage.

But since there would be no boundries, until a rival E.T. group would be encountered, then there would be a certain amount of leakage where misfits and malcontents would go to the edges and move to unoccupied terratory.

As for compactification, I get the notion of large bee's nests?  Full of E.T.'s?

For efficiency, humans could modify their human forms to be the size of hobits or smaller for efficiency, and yet be intellegent due to a skull cap computer agumentation?

The questions are; How many Cyborgs(Humans) are enough?  How intellegent is intellegent enough?  Won't they get bored if they have mental capacities which far exceed their challenge?  Who is going to play on the playground?

In the end arn't we all just looking for a good time?  By my judgement no sane being should say "I want to suffer in hell forever".  No they usually want to go to heaven and be happy.

So isn't happiness what we want and also E.T.?

And to the original subject, common microbes, and perhaps in some cases parallel conditions, and so parallel evolution. 

To far from us to mate with directly, but if each creature has RNA/DNA and two civilizations met, might they just decide to artificially build "Children" creatures, and populate some star systems with them, by grafting capabilities from both races into the "Children".

I don't see that it is necessary to have alien E.T.'s seeking the elimimination of those who do not resemble them.

Machines only?  Why?  If a machine species, then most likely it would seek to add cellular machinery to it's "Children".

I hope I did not get too far off track.

#8679 Re: Terraformation » Impact Ejecta » 2012-04-13 23:57:41

So then Ancient E.T. might choose to leave a legacy by messing with and inventing transmissable organisms?

Should Seti be looking for messages in the DNA of primitive organisms that don't evolve very fast? smile smile smile

Very Funny Ancient E.T.! smile

#8680 Re: Planetary transportation » Air breathing engines on Mars » 2012-04-13 23:50:12

I have more imagination than skill in these matters, but so far I have been stimulated to visualize:
1) A rocket with a propeller at the top, which has airplane wings for blades, and that that propeller would have intake holes where the pressure were the highest.
The propeller would be rotated with rotons. smile I'm sorry, I am stuck on rotons.  The "Propeller" would be an "Air" compresser, and that compresser would feed the rotons, and also the main rocket stack with compressed Martian gas.  The "Propeller" might give some lift, but actually it is to be an "Air" compressor primarily.
I was thinking solid rocket fuel, both for the rotons and the main stack.  Although the fuel may not have any Oxydizer, it is not a law that it would not.  So the Oxydation part could be partially Martian air and partially solid fuel.  I was thinking also that Aluminum powder could be included.

I was thinking that the solid "Jet?" boosters could be "Printed" with metal powders.

So actually I have no notion of a useful device in this case, just maybe something that could go up, and if it had on board oxydizer for when the atmosphere runs out, maybe even to orbit.

2) Replace the propeller with a cage fan, a rotating nose cone, again propelled by rotons, and that having a greater circumference than the rocket body, so that the cage fan would feed both the rotons and the main engine.  The rocket itself would operate in a greater vacuum, because it would travel through the vacuum bubble left by the rotating cage fan, so you could drop the atmospheric drag load.  Maybe this would be a good one for Earth?  I am more leaning towards solid fuels, Magnesium and Aluminum also.  To do useful work these would be strapped on to a load, and there would be at least two of them.

If this is a polution, I appologize in advance for the intrusion.

#8681 Re: Terraformation » Vesta, modest ambitions. » 2012-04-10 15:19:17

Terraformer said:
"You couldn't tether an O'Neill colony - it *is* a planet after all - but having it in orbit isn't such a big deal, especially if you're using it as a space elevator counterweight. Ceres synchronous orbit is approx. 750km altitude; I suspect Vesta's will be much lower. Enough that working during the weeks and recuperating in orbit will be quite practical".

Actually, I would house spinning worlds inside of non spinning worlds.

Supposing that I had the credentials, the authority, and the resources to make a Dwarf/SubDwarf Planet (I coined a phrase "SubDwaf"!), into a place for a human civilization, I would rather than a space elivator, go for hollow cylinders with many floors, planted on Vesta's surface and going up to geosynch.  If this is actually asking too much from the metals we have then I suppose space elivator.

Anyway, at geosynch, a stationary shell pressurized to < 10 mTorr.  Inside of that another stationary shell pressurized to 250 Torr?  The two shells interlocked with struts, the outershell strenth butressing that of the inner shell.

Inside of the dual stationary shell, Vacuum bells, large enough for a spinning world.  At the axis of the spinning worlds, air locks, largely air tight seals, they doi't have to be perfect.  A person leaving a 1 gee spinning world could pass into a tube at zero gee, and go to a different spinning world, perhaps one with .38 gee.  A whole tree of these worlds.  The interior of the tree having Earth normal pressure nominal.  The spinning worlds would not have large scale agriculture, but instead, quarters, and small decorative parks, with artificial lighting.  No windows.

The reason such a spinning world were to be in a vacuum bell, is to keep them under continuing pressure testing, and also to reduce air friction energy losses to a minimum.

Returning to the double shell which is like a body cavity to contain the tree of spinning worlds like intestines in the belly, windows might be an option, and zero gee agriculture, but I am even inclined to exclude them from this.

Air leaking from the inner shell into the gap between the two shells, would be pumped back into the inner shell.

As for agriculture, why not have attachments to the double shell, with transparancies.  Perhaps s double or tripple shell arrangement.  Then zero gee agriculture.

I suggest that rooted plants could be planted into pads, and those pads be wetted with hydrophonic liquids.

The farmer would need a device to fly her around, perhaps a fan with some power source and of course a protective gaurd.

A person with a house in one of the spinning worlds might work there, or might as you have suggested travel down through a pressurized tube to the surface, and then become involved with mining or solar power.

I don't know what the probability of drilling to the core would be, but I do know that in an underground Iron mine near where I was born, the iron content was so greate that it was said that you could weld to it.

If the core were like that using pure Oxygen to burn tunnels would be an option.  I imagine a labrynth of chambers and tunnels.  And of course the metal ores.  Where would they go, those other than Iron and Nickle?  Where would then settle out to  during the formation of this world?

#8682 Re: Human missions » Bamboo shoots up the chart » 2012-04-07 11:11:21

OK, now I get to become public enemy #1.

Bamboo OK, fine, the pressurized gardens would be satisfying.  The wood good.  A sponge on a stick, ICK!

Have you considered Alergies?  Runny noses. Well what if?  What if a disease developes or is imported.  And for clean up, paper products are valuable.  And paper itself is not indespensible.  Our paperless office where I write software for, is hardly so.  I guess if you had to.  But why limit yourselves.

I propose paper from Algae.  Algae has no reason to manufacture cellulose, but could a type be created that would do so?

Pick one that is happy on cold brine like arctic sea water, one that likes about the solar flux that would exist in a greenhouse on Mars.

Make a nominally unpressurized greenhouse with a pool of cold brine in it.  Maybe -2 degrees C or colder, up to the coldest temperature where that algae could be productive to it's maximum.

The point would be to generate Oxygen to be collected from the Greenhouse and Cellulose.  From that paper, and fake wood as well.  And the dried product could also be a fuel in a pinch, perhaps easily stored outside with minimal protection.  Not a prefered fuel, just an option.

I know how responses occur here,  bamboo is fine, but if this other thing could occur why not that as well.

#8683 Re: Terraformation » Vesta, modest ambitions. » 2012-04-07 10:55:23

Well what a surprise.  I am not very wild about a space elivator myself, and would certainly hesitatate to try it on Earth or Mars until experimented with on a small scale.

Therfore Vesta or an alternate equivalant.  If it turns out to be as messed up as it seems to me it might be, better to fail on Vesta than Earth or Mars.  Or if it just pays off on Vesta then moving to Mars and Earth would not be contemplated.

Perhaps it should never be more than a thought experiment.  But I am not the master of what others try to do.

But if it does not cause annoyance, I will not withdraw the suggestion that Vesta can be tought about.  If it does cause discontent, and disharmony, then this thread can go dead, or even be removed if the higher powers would prefer.

#8684 Re: Terraformation » Vesta, modest ambitions. » 2012-04-06 12:46:52

Exactly!

I have been very careful not to place this type of post anywhere else, because I do not want to interfere with what they are trying to accomplish in those threads.

Any type of terraforming almost has to look pretty far into the future for a payoff though, so as you say.  "This is where this belongs".

And after having other people talk about space elivators on Earth and Mars, and after all the book "The high Frontier", way long ago when I was a puppy, I think I havn't gotten that far out there. smile

Terraformer also has a notion, I leave room for that.

So, I will go further out. 

A habitat assembled at a rocky asteroid and then moved to a wet one like Ceres to take up volitles, and then moved slowly to Jupiter or further out, that might be a way.

And as for small objects.  What if Alpha Centauri has no major planets, just small dry ones and comets.  Given that eventually humans might live to be thousands of year old before they die, and might cross to such a place at rather low speed over a number of centuries, maybe a little rehearsal in the mind of such a case is OK.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Cent … of_planets

How about an amusement park?

If you are going to offer me a web site where I can be insulted and have free pokes in the eye, I might prefer one with a little fun.

#8685 Re: Terraformation » Planemo Hypervelocity Impactors » 2012-04-06 07:30:03

My objectives would be more consirvative.

Warm up an icy planet with an impactor prior to habitation.

A strange thing I encountered is this:
1) I can read all kinds of speculation on propelling a star ship across light years with lasers.

2) When I proposed deflecting potential impactors to an orbit which would cause a useful impact, I was told a laser would spread too much, there was no way it could work.

3) When I proposed using a laser to ping a distant object to gain information about it I was also told that a laser would spread too much.

So what is needed is focusing optics for the laser to work for case 1, and then presumable for case 2 and 3?

Although Ice is volitile, I might wonder if it could be turned into very large and precise and repairable lenses for such a purpose.

#8686 Re: Human missions » Bamboo shoots up the chart » 2012-04-06 07:12:39

http://www.lewisbamboo.com/cold-hardy-bamboo.html

http://www.bamboogrove.com/bamboo-paper.html

http://www.google.com/search?q=paper+fr … d=0CHAQsAQ

It would be nice if it was even more cold tollerant, but I am sure a greenhouse which limits it's coldest climate to that of an Iowa winter is possible on Mars.

I have always wondered how people would be able to maintain hygene on Mars without sanitary paper, such as kleenex, paper towel, and so on. And I don't think people who fly space ships would want to be doing the right hand left hand thing.

Paper from bamboo.

I also mention bamboo or other plants as evaporators.  Water with grey or even worse water, and then let them eveporate more or less clean vapors into the greenhouse air, and then condense reasonably clean water using the Martian cold nights.

Obviously this is a case where Mars is way ahead of the Moon as a place to do it.  So, less reason to divert to the Moon.

#8687 Re: Human missions » Landing on Mars » 2012-04-05 22:52:01

I think I am seeing your particular drift.  I would really like to see your plan when it emerges because I will bet it will be practicle or almost there.  And no it would not require rotons unless they are truely worth including.

#8688 Re: Terraformation » Vesta, modest ambitions. » 2012-04-05 22:45:57

Well, I am not with the dream police, so I will not take you in for further questioning. big_smile

I am wondering why I can't speculate on dwarf and almost dwarf planets?  Rotating pressurized habitats in geo synch orbit?  Am I an apostate?  Space elivators on the smallest mock up of Earth or Mars to test the concepts, is this wrong?  It's not like I am spending any ones money thinking about it.

If you wanted, I could tell you how to have artificial gravitation inside of  a location on or inside of that little world.  However, I just wanted to keep things simple and return to the basics, and see where the thought process ended up.  I confess, that this particular thread does stretch the concept of terraforming a large amount, but of course I finally added the bit about hollow spaces inside the little world.  All the way down and hollow planet?  Well, yeah, that's way beyond my original conception, but maybe finding out specifically why it is not a prefered plan is as good information as finding out what is a good plan.

I've been around a while, and spinning habitats in the asteroid belt, and indeed hollow asteroids are not new and rejectable ideas.  Given a choice, if I thought I could help to establish a population on Mars and that they would not die out like Greenland, that would be where my efforts would stay.  However, we are not in that pinch at this time. 

I think that there are plenty of wild ideas in this section "Terraforming", and that actually other than the drill to the core part, my asperations are rather modest and fairly practicle compaired to the average.

But I can take it.  And to keep the piece, I can also behave.

#8689 Re: Terraformation » Vesta, modest ambitions. » 2012-04-05 19:01:27

Well, mining is OK, but there are other places.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Vesta

With a rotation of 5+ hours and such a low gravitation, I am thinking easy space elivator.  Learn how to do it at Vesta, then see if you can do it at Mars.

I am also thinking hollow spinning habitats in orbit for 1/6, 1/3, 1/2, 1 gee as may work.

I am thinking further experiments with various things.

An outpost as I said for perhaps 5000 people.  Research in methods.

In fact there may not be enough water.  Importing may or may not be worthwhile.

Perpaps from such an asteroids spinning habitats could be built, and then they could move over to Ceres to pick up Water and other things such as Ammonia (Nitrogen), then load up with people, then out to the Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and so on.

I am just investigating the potential value or lack of value to the idea.  I havn't come to a conclusion.

I guess value would be relative.

Another use of course would be mining where perhaps Mars would want to import materials.  Although it has Phobos and Demos, a person cannot be sure of what their orbital ambitions for construction might be.

Anyway, I am also willing to forget the idea, but not until examined.

It might be possible that the center could be hollowed out some day and made into a habitat with artificial gravitation machines inside of it (Spinning habitats).  But that's way out there.

Other locations;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Pallas
may prove more useful, but for now, we have some significant data on the nature of Vesta, so I will think about what could be done with it.

Maybe some star systems only have little worlds like Vesta, and some comets.  Very long term being able to habitate such a star system might be useful to humans.

#8690 Re: Human missions » Landing on Mars » 2012-04-05 18:44:17

Well, I have been given information both to the negative of what I suggested, and also concepts also suggested.

Might I suggest, that instead of an inverted cone, a net shaped like a badmitton "Birdie".  I guess without a roton, you could try to make it rigid, but that makes me wonder how it is stowed and deployed.

With a roton, it could drag behind in the shadow, but be spun to expand outside of the shadow.

To avoid burning up, then not deployed until, speeds are less than 1/2 mile per second?  I don't know how bad the heating is then.  I am also decending into archaic units from your point of view, but it is comfort from mine.

Anyway with a roton, this could be controllable. (Maybe)  You could spin it into the air flow to the degree that you dared, and let it be swept back into the air stream shadow, to make sure the descilleration rate is comfortable, and the heating is not excessive.

A spinning net should be deployable, and also yield more drag for the amount of device mass than a continuous cone of material.  It may shed heat better also, provided it is not pushed into the air stream too harsly.  When you get rid of it I don't know.  Maybe when it is possible to depoy a parachute.  I am inclined to wonder if retaining the roton engines would make sense however all the way down, since they could assist on the landing, and they are already paid for.  However, then the parachute and net would have to ride in a compartment mounted on the rear of the roton.  How much love a parachute would have for a spining roton, I don't know not much I am guessing.  Maybe the roton could run with the net.  The roton would shut off, and the net being ejected would pull the parachute out.  When the parachute was ejected the roton could start up again for the final landing.


Again I know you guys are levels more practiced and I will not continue beyond the point where I can reasonably speculate on these things.

#8691 Re: Human missions » Landing on Mars » 2012-04-04 18:53:15

Well, I guess I will take the bait and risk a beating.

I suggest the use of a carbon nano-tube ribbon, in conjunction with a roton on the nose of the entry vehicle.  If carbon-nanotubes are so strong, then how about a strong Ribbon/Flag (But a long one)

I know that rotons have outlived their welcome, but in this case, I am not so much suggesting helicoptering down to a landing with a roton, but using the combination of roton and ribbon, to slow the craft down for the next event, which could be a parchute and thrusters, or just thrusters, and maybe with the assistance of the roton.

I see the roton as starting the slowdown by largely thrusting perpendicular (With canting allowed) to expand the trailing vacuum bubble.  This might help to slow the
craft down.

Then from the roton arms, from a compartment in the roton arms a ribbon deployed and allowed to trail the craft.  The twisting motion of the roton on the base of the
ribbon being expected to cause it to form a helical 3D presentation to the stream of atmosphere around it.

I do fear flapping like a flag, which although that flapping might convert spacecraft momentum to sound waves and heat, it might also tear the machine apart.

Anyway that is why I involked the roton twisting, to try to counterbalance the twisting force with the linear force of the atmospheric stream to cause a flexible ribbon
to have a 3D profile while making a high speed entry to the atmosphere.  I presume that this happens after the maximum heating event on the heat sheild of the craft.

Anyway at the upper end of the ribbon could be a container, which woud block the air stream, and help to keep the ribbon strait and not flapping.  In that compartment could be a baloon or parachute as you might like, or a thruster pack.

If it were a thruster pack, then the ribbon would remain attached to the craft all the way down, and that thruster pack way above on the ribbon would fire to keep theribbon erect and could also assist in the final landing.

Alternatelly after the ribbon and roton had slowed the craft sufficiently, they would be ejected and a parchute deployed, and finally thrusters as normal from the
bottom of the craft.

Please remember that I am way out of my normal area of thinking here, and we were asked for ideas.

Obviously a cloth ribbon of carbon-nanotubes makes me think it would be about as strong as a ribbon could be, but I am just guessing.

#8692 Re: Terraformation » Vesta, modest ambitions. » 2012-04-03 15:45:31

Yes, if you want that concept, it could be persued, but it seems to be more the end of a story about Vesta, rather than a beginning.

I am reading how hard it seems to be to land significant materials on Mars due to the fact that it has a thin atmosphere and it would almost be better if it had none.

So, I am looking at Vesta, and thinking that in fact for somewhat round worlds, it would not be likely to find an easier one to land supplies on.

Getthing there would be harder, but with patience and electric rockets, the materials could be dropped there, and when sufficiency was confirmed, a crewed vehicle could go, either a cycling spaceship, or a very fast nuclear/plasma device.

This all presumes that the dry Vesta is not totally dry, that there is some water ice.

So, I am thinking a research station/mining station/outpost the the outer solar system.  Maybe maxing out at 5000 people Plus a gene bank, in case of a social collapse of the whole solar system.  Maybe a component of a solarsystem wide radio telescope?

Experiments in surface mining, Mass driver launching of ore, Space elivators, and perhaps trying to drill down to the core of that little world and get to the heavy metals.

Of course it is also possible that a shattered core exists in the asteroid belt with all the heavy metals desired.

Anyway, the fun is in imagining walking about in your counterpressure suit, and building stuff, and robots to help you.

Just the opposite of the wet world stuff I have usually concerned myself with.

I am getting a bit Sci-Fi, in the old fashion sense.  It's kind of fun.

I am not knocking the way you see things, I am just after something else.  Perhaps the adventure, or the thought of it.

#8693 Life on Mars » Atmospheric Life in the recent past. » 2012-04-02 16:01:49

Void
Replies: 2

I bought a Discover magazine today, and read an article, "The Clouds are Alive".  The point in the article is that it seems that microorganisms high up, almost to conditions resembling Mars, and also in the clouds, serve as a catalist to freeze supercooled water.

The organisms would have to put up with UV, as this article indicates some of these organisms do.  I expect that Mars will be even harsher than our statosphere.

I am not so sure that I would believe that such organisms would be active at all or very common at least under the present conditions, except as dormant in the ice under the soil, which apparently results from snows a long time ago.

However there is fossel snow fall apparently from some thousands of years ago, when apparently the planet had a different climate.  The atmosphere might have been more hospitable to life, and even the surface.

I have recently read that Mars apparently has had a drought for 600 million years, by the evidence of lack of clay particles in the soil.

So the snowy times if they reoccur could not involve very extensive water melt.  However it is not out of the question that damp soil here and there would occur.

Then the organisms swept up in the wind, would assist the formation of snowfall to favor the survival of their own kind. 

From time to time, Meteors impact and there is ice exposed.

So, if these organisms were in that snow, perhaps that is the place to send a probe to investigate.  Either to thaw and recreate a presumed environment, and look for the organisms, or to use some other method.

I don't know if such a periodic ecosystem did exist, or if the snowfall that is in evidence was a recent one time fluke.  However, evidence in the permafrost of Siberia and Antarctica suggests that the organisms could survive for the thousands of years between episodes, in a dormant state.

So that environment might involve a atmospheric pressure of 11 mb, and snowfalls moving from the poles to the equator, and back from the equator to the poles.  During the peak of the shift, perhaps the organisms in the atmosphere would seed snow, and on occasion solar energy would reward them by making the dirty snowbanks moist with just a bit of melt water.

If the skill for causing frost existed in any such Martian life.

#8694 Re: Terraformation » Venus » 2012-04-02 15:45:37

I bought a Discover magazine today, and read an article, "The Clouds are Alive".  The point in the article is that it seems that microorganisms high up, almost to conditions resembling Mars, and also in the clouds, serve as a catalist to freeze supercooled water.

So, in a different way it might after all be possible that a microorganism could alter Venus.  The rain and snow patterns.  I presume that it does rain and perhaps snow in the atmosphere of Venus in some circumstances.

I don't know what value the alteration would have however.

The organisms would have to put up with UV, as this article indicates some of these organisms do.  I also have reservations on the existance of a place in the atmospheric column where the organisms would not be burned up by Sulphuric Acid.  I do recall that Sulphuric Acid is an Oxidant.  If in very diluted conditions, it could actually be used by an organism in place of Oxygen perhaps.  Not sure.

Anyway something to think about.

Curiously, if there were already such an organism in the atmosphere of Venus, and it could cause supercooled water to freeze and precipitate, then this could be detected from orbit.  Precipiation would occur at a higher temperature than would be expected if there were no such particles/organsms.

#8695 Terraformation » Vesta, modest ambitions. » 2012-04-02 09:40:22

Void
Replies: 35

I seems that there could be some water on Vesta, which makes it very interesting to me.

http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/feature_storie … _vesta.asp

Vesta is small and rocky and has a deep hole blasted into one pole I believe, exposing very deep rocks which may or may not expose valuable minerals.

I will drop my usual notions about ice covered lakes and so on.  I have already exhaused that and am not so interested anymore. (It is a good strategy for the outer solar system though).  Instead, I am interested in a place where certain "Pilot" projects could be implemented.  Ceres is going to be interesting, but really probabbly too much ice overburden, to make mining pay.

#1 being a space elevator.  I don't think it could get much easier than Vesta, and still be dealing with a object resembling a planet.

In this case, I am not intending to entertain wild notions about terraformation.  I posted here because this location has a post about Ceres, and because I do not want to fill up the more serious catagoies with wild specualtations which might detract from the focus on Mars.  "Modest intentions" is really not true, if the things I have said were actually done, that would be super ambitious.  However, modest in the sense of ambitions equivalent to current speculations for the Moon or Mars, things that might actually be possible with our abilities + a great effort to expand those abilities.

If there were a space elevator, then I guess I will go conventional and presume rotating space stations in geosynchronous orbit over Vesta, for a simulation of normal Earth or Mars or Lunar graviation, whichever is prefered.

On Vesta itself, perhaps solar energy farms, mines.  Most likely open pit mines. 

I have been told that counterpressure suits are such a wonderful option, that I suppose that other than the cold and greater radiation risk, they should be just fine on Vesta.

I wonder if unpressurized "Sky Scrapers" with steel structure, and stone "Curtain walls" would be a good option, providing moderated temperatures within, and also, some radiation protection.  (I would presume that small sections would be pressurized, and given greater radiation protection).

The whole notion being I suppose that materials of value could be extracted and shipped to Earth/Moon, or Mars/Phobos/Demos, to purchace items of value to people living in a Vesta location.

But I wonder how hard it is to get to Vesta.

Anyway, I am wondering if it would be worth it, where the Space Elevator would be first implemented there, for reason of ease, and from there, perhaps tried on Mars some distant time later, and then finally Earth.

#8696 Re: Life support systems » Huge energy gains for Photovoltaic » 2012-03-31 17:41:44

Perhaps they will instead be of great honor, and remeber what matters, the fact to good people have to sacrifice pride often to make their dreams come true.

#8697 Re: Life support systems » Huge energy gains for Photovoltaic » 2012-03-31 08:10:29

I agree, to the limits of Chaos, it is best to explore options and keep them available, since modification/adaption plans for human presence on Mars are in their very early days

One thing I am beginning to have greater awareness of is a time period division.  1) When tools and materials used are dominantly those carried from Earth/Moon and/or (Earth/Moon)/(Phobos/Demos).  2) when tools and materials are dominantly those produced on the surface of Mars.

So the tool kit for the first minute on Mars is one thing.
The tool kit for the first hour is another.
The tool kit for the first day,
The first week,
The first Month,
The first Year,
The first Decade,
The first Century,
and beyond.

So, each need has it's own options, some have been considered and some still need to be "Discovered".

I think that sometimes confilict comes from two or more people thinking of solutions for different time scales.

They can both be right, but might still confilict, not understanding the time scale intended by the other.

Yes, I hope Musk is all what he seems,  he has to be something else already to have achieved what he has.  Let's hope is that good still, and even better.

#8698 Re: Life support systems » Partial Photovoltaic, partial biological photosynthisis. » 2012-03-30 23:42:11

Someone posted a reply!  Wait, it's me. smile

Anyway, Mushrooms and fish.

Mushrooms:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_fungi_eat

While Mushrooms do have some food value, it is my opinion that tinkering with them might allow them to also accumulate other food factors.  Genetic tinkering I would think.  For instance they should have no need for Muscle protein, but what if they could be caused to accumulate it in the "Fruits".  (The thing we generally call the Mushroom).  What about Carbohydrates and Fats and other vitimens that are not normal for a mushroom?

It might be OK for the Mushrooms so altered to do this if humans provide them with a very rich diet.  I don't know how Formic Acid would play into it, but I am going to suppose that if you had a soil and injected it, and had a variant of the bacteria which has been described, but one which simply makes bacteria from energy, not Alcohols, I expect that the mushrooms would live on that, the dead of the bacteria.

So, this is a very low maintenance livestock, mushrooms.  Have a pressurized moist dark place with Oxygen and a chemical energy source suitable, then have specially adapted Mushrooms, then have a farm. 

Caves, Buildings on the surface (Since it is not likely that on Mars, toxic forms of Mushrooms would contaminate your "Farm".

I feel that it would be both efficient and moral.  Mushrooms do not waste energy heating themselves like mammals we use for food, and they do not move about, and they do not need light.  Just appropriate chemicals, and symbiotic Microorganisms.  And when you pick a mushroom, you are not really killing the creature, it mostly lives in the soil.  You are only taking the fruit.

As for fish, that a bit lower on the morality pyramid, still, we eat fish here, fish are cold blooded, (Except perhaps Tuna and Sharks and maybe some others).   So they don't waste boilogical energy on body heat.  They do swim, but in some cases this would not be a very active behavior, so they would not waste energy swimming around too much. Most likely their food would be a bacteria which would feed on the produced Formic Acid of the articles in the previous post.

And in the previous post where the mention of produced alcohol exists, obviously that coupled with an Oxygen supply implies Internal Combustion Engines, and Fuel Cells.

Hurray!

#8699 Re: Life support systems » Huge energy gains for Photovoltaic » 2012-03-30 17:04:26

Well perhaps dust is not a normal issue except during global dust storms.

Anyway I like the solar collectors you presented inside of or outside of an enclosure.

As for the side process, that can also occur without the solar colectors in it's greenhouse  or with them in.

These are options, and a mission to Mars is long away from now.

#8700 Life support systems » Partial Photovoltaic, partial biological photosynthisis. » 2012-03-30 16:41:29

Void
Replies: 1

I am pasteing some information here which I think has potential for Mars but was not originally intended for Mars it would seem.

http://www.physorg.com/news/2012-03-mic … -fuel.html


Quote from the article::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. There are two parts to photosynthesis -- a light reaction and a dark reaction. The light reaction converts light energy to chemical energy and must take place in the light. The dark reaction, which converts CO2 to sugar, doesn't directly need light to occur.

"We've been able to separate the light reaction from the dark reaction and instead of using biological photosynthesis, we are using solar panels to convert the sunlight to electrical energy, then to a chemical intermediate, and using that to power carbon dioxide fixation to produce the fuel," Liao said. "This method could be more efficient than the biological system."

Liao explained that with biological systems, the plants used require large areas of agricultural land. However, because Liao's method does not require the light and dark reactions to take place together, solar panels, for example, can be built in the desert or on rooftops.

Theoretically, the hydrogen generated by solar electricity can drive CO2 conversion in lithoautotrophic microorganisms engineered to synthesize high-energy density liquid fuels. But the low solubility, low mass-transfer rate and the safety issues surrounding hydrogen limit the efficiency and scalability of such processes. Instead Liao's team found formic acid to be a favorable substitute and efficient energy carrier.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

I am not totally sure, but I am guessing that they care generating O2 and formic acid with solar electricity, and if this is not wrong, it might be easier than creating O2 and H2.  They also only mention C02, but I am sure H20 is needed in the process.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formic_acid

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20 … 171607.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithoautotroph

http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php … a_eutropha

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralstonia_eutropha

While I am not saying that greenhouses with plants could not be used, this process might be useful for the production of bulk indistrial materials, and to manufacture a "Fish Food" of sorts, to feed fish with of course, fish in tanks.

And it is also very likely that fungi (Mushrooms) could subsist upon a soil where such substances were injected.  They can grow on soils where oil spills have poluted the ground, and incedently they clean the soil up.

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