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#651 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-04-08 13:30:10

I'm not going to debate you anymore publiusr since you are refusing to listen to me.

That suits me just fine, mister--since you obviously haven't been listening to our Chief Admin-to-be, who I share my opinion with.

My point is that, while EELV is the quickest and easiest... an HLLV-based mission has more potental to be sustained over the long term. 500 tons in five flights, verses 100 tons in five Delta IVs--assuming they get it straight.

Nice article from Mr. Bell. He called this one right for a change:
http://www.spacedaily.com/news/oped-05z … -05zi.html

"This Delta-4H fiasco was impossible to explain away easily. It occurred right in plain sight of too many people. At ignition there was a huge hydrogen fireball that enveloped the whole vehicle. The lower stages were actually burnt black. Then those same damaged stages shut down early. The two amateur recon satellites built by the Young Spies fell into the atmosphere and burned up. The main satellite went into a useless orbit in full view of Eurasian and Eastasian tracking stations."

#652 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-31 16:04:53

"Neither SDV nor a heavy EELV are truly capable of engine-out flight.  You could lose an SDV main engine in certain flight regimes and survive, but an SRB problem is fatal, the odds of escape are zilch (unless the vehicle is rebuilt as an in-line launcher,) and some engine failures would also be fatal."

Even so, the medium EELVs will use solids--and these smaller solids with no heavy steel casing worry me. SDV has multiple liquid engines, and plently of solid thrust ot minimize any liquid-fueled engine problems and certainly clear the pad. Delta IV cannot do this. A Saturn rebirth is clearly out of the question. SDV is about as best as we can hope for--the EELV will cost more in the long run--will waste more engines and upper stages--will make putting 100 tons in orbit a tedious, long process.

Frankly--we haven't seen that Delta IV can put 20 tons in LEO yet.

#653 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-24 17:28:05

That remains to be seen. I still need less engines, and wheteher you like engine-out or not, SDV will have it.

#654 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Any Good Artwork of Proposed HLLVs? - Yeah I like to look at big rockets » 2005-03-24 17:26:10

Bor rode in a shroud equipped Kosmos--and Kliper may not have true wings--if any.

On more artwork, play around at http://www.russianspaceweb.com]www.russianspaceweb.com

A site I often like to visit http://www.starshipmodeler.net]www.starshipmodeler.net is down

I wonder if my critics had anything do do with that hack-job.

#657 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-23 16:28:09

Please show the math. . .

big_smile

= = =

PS - - Both the Aldridge Commission and the Planetary Society concluded the VSE needs heavy lift. If they are wrong, explain how they made that error.

= = =

PPS - - Neither commission can be accused (IMHO) of being Zubrin-loving kool aid drinkers. :;):

-----------------------------------------------

I'm glad I am not the only one who understands that:

As far as math is concerned..

"Shuttle SRB refurbish/reload: ~$30M
RS-68 engine: ~$15M "

Lets do this per 100 tons...

Five Delta IV launches
15 RS-68s= $225 million (not including five upper stages, time on pad, etc.)
Actual cost is much higher.

Three RS-68s and two SRB= $105 million in engine cost.
Now how is $225 million cheaper than $105 per hundred tons again?

Something you may not have thought of. At least with Shuttle--for all its warts--all of its 20 ton payload is...payload. The orbiter has all maneuver and fuel load responsibility, leaving pure payload.

Not so with Delta IV.

What should disqualify EELV is that each 20 ton payload would have to resemble the Mir core blocks in that each segment has docking ports, thrusters, automated systems, etc. that an SDV HLLV needs only one of per 100 tons as opposed to five. Cryogenic storage will be a major problem with 20 ton segments--what with boil off.

It is either SDV, or cut bait.


"Delta-IV HLV or a Atlas-V HLV could be modified to lift about 40MT in one go. Probobly 45MT without too much trouble."

In the words of Harry Morgan "Horse hockey!"

With two extra CBCs you might get 30-35 tons to LEO. But whether you launch five three core Delta IVs, or three five core Delta V's--you still throw away 15 RS-68s to my three--no diff!

"EELV+ can lift either one of these things for about half the cost, then mate them in orbit and go to the Moon. Okay Bill?"

No--its not okay--because 15 RS-68s cost more than three--no matter how much you spin it.

And I'm not even counting the upper stages and pad time.

#658 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-18 17:21:48

Even so--chew upon this.

If missile defense money goes into useless ground-based silos that Republicans dig and Dems bury over with Caterpillers--it helps us not a jot. If the money for SDI goes to an HLLV--then if a Dem gets in office--we still have a good booster out of the deal--instead of moth-balled silos that help space-exploration and solar powersat construction not at all.

In this sense ONCE HLLV IS UNDER CONTRACT, it becomes politician-proof. It keeps the shuttle jobs in place, and institutional inertia keeps it flying as it has kept the shuttle. The only diff' is that the SDV puts up 100 tons of cargo--not a puny 20 ton load with a big orbiter people are after with a hatchet.

Both Dems and Reps should support this--in that--if a Dem gets in office--it won't be as if that HLLV money has been wasted, because it--unlike JSF and other SDI tech--has a use beyond the military. Space Based Solar Power sats are best built with HLLVs.

My goal is to ramp up throw-weight to get us out of this
THALL SHALT NOT LAUNCH OVER 20 TONS TO LEO mindset the bean counters have locked us into.

SDV is only the beginning. I will not rest until SDV HLLVs are the smallest boosters we have, with that crutch of a Delta II banned and Sea Dragon flying with 550 tons to LEO. Only then will space open up to commerce--in bulk--not in Rutan's useless toys.

My mantra is that we all should be in the one true Church of the Heavy Lift.

Thy five segment solids comfort me--and the EELV heretics shall be put to the sword  :angry:

#660 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-18 16:33:36

http://www.britishtitanium.co.uk
Nice site. (down now) Nice SDV pic. That at least saves you 12 RS-68s on 4-5 Delta IVs.

Those are your real costs.

With Five SDVs (which will not bankrupt NASA any more than shuttle--and will cost less without the orbiter) you have 500 tons in orbit for the same number of hydrogen engines.

An added market for HLLV
There's an article on potential space based weapons online at the IEEE website:

http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/pu … 5star.html

http://www.aps.org/public_affairs/popa/ … /nmd03.cfm

Another reference is the RAND book, Space Weapons, Earth Wars, at:

http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1 … MR/MR1209/

http://www.missilethreat.com/]http://ww … hreat.com/
http://www.highfrontier.org]http://www.highfrontier.org


New Polyus pics.

http://fpmail.friends-partners.org/pipe … ...56.html

http://www.spaceislandgroup.com]http://www.spaceislandgroup.com

On Solids...

We are going to have to make do with solids--like it or not. Chances are, the CEV--if used for exploration, could get away with a Delta IV med or Atlas Med--but will probably need solids.

If anything, the fact that the SRBs kept going after the Challenger accident (a bad seal can doom any rocket) impresses me all the more. They have been fixed, and have heavy steel construction. The smaller solids actually scare me more. Let one turn loose, and it's headed right toward the capsule. ISS could force the CEV to turn into a pig for servicing--provided it gets to ISS at all:

Which CEV?
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/3 … icle/322/1

With the abundant lift capacity of HLLV, the CEV design can be about as big as you like--no problem.

Not having SDV is what will bankrupt NASA.

As I see it, we stand to lose Shuttle architecture, the CEV will be a pig--(from a future DNC administration that abandons the Bush vision in favor of a LEO-only "Earth First" stance--and we will be stuck with capsules in LEo and be worse off than we are now. I see a big NASA hit if the DNC takes over.

Call it Hand-waving if you will--but I am of the opinion that it is now--or never--before we get into another stupid war.

#661 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-11 15:53:59

Some good news for our Friend:
http://www.space.com/spacenews/business … 40412.html

"Michael Griffin, NASA’s associate administrator for exploration from 1991-1993, says the most logical approach, all things considered, is to spend the $3 billion or $4 billion it would cost to build a shuttle-derived heavy lifter and forget about EELV-driven approaches."

“No matter what lunar or Mars architecture is chosen, a lot of mass will have to be moved through LEO, or through some other staging point,” Griffin told Space News. “I would argue that 100 [metric tons] represents a reasonable place to start, and that shuttle-derived systems can get us to that point more cheaply than other systems. No one would favor a clean-sheet approach more than would I, but unless more money is made available for it than I think likely, we won’t get it. I dislike giving up something we have in favor of something we might get.”

"Griffin also said...that...he takes a “dim view” of approaches that would rely on orbital staging and assembly operations..."

He has O'Keefe's job now:

http://www.badastronomy.com/phpBB/viewt … 690#432690

Check out how this thread begins:

http://www.badastronomy.com/phpBB/viewt … 5&start=50

The Committee has spoken:

http://www.badastronomy.com/phpBB/viewt … 688#432688

#662 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-10 17:43:23

"Ah huh, "secret projects." It is a simple matter of math that when volume increases, surface area doesn't increase as much, hence mass does not increase as much. Hence, the larger Venturestar would have been light enough not to need so much fuel that it would eliminate an internal cargo bay. The USAF wanted the X-33 to be their "SMV" vehicle and would therefore need to carry at least a little payload... so it would be logical to bolt it onto the side, since the X-33 was not designed with a cargo bay since it was only a technology demonstrator."

Nice try. But it doesn't work that way--because, unlike a parasite orbiter all the tankage needs heavy heat-sheild--so the small increase in surefacer area still hurts you--thus:

http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/la … ...22.html

At least others are talking heavy lift:

http://www.spacedaily.com/news/rocketsc … e-05i.html
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/3 … icle/335/1


"Why do you continue to pig-headed and stupidly ignore when I say that EELV can be upgraded? It can, the Delta-IV could be made from Lithium alloy like STS-ET, the RS-68 can have a higher Isp with a regenerative loop, and so on...Maybe you inhaled some of the nasty Hydrazine and it has ruined your reading comprihension and math skills... SDV is simply not the only option." Mr. G doesn't feel that way

http://www.space.com/spacenews/business … 40412.html

#663 Re: Interplanetary transportation » The Myth of Heavy Lift - (Let the fight begin...) » 2005-03-04 15:31:06

Clean-sheet is not an option now. That has nothing to do with me.

You have just let STS bashing go to your head. I for one do not accept your cost estimates, and even if they were true, a billion a shot was already the case for some Titan IV launches at 1/4-1/5 the payload. that $400 million cost for Delta IV heavy is itself a guess, and there is nothing keeping Boeing from gouging if there is an EELV downselect.

If we could afford Titan IV, (and this stupid war) we can damn sure afford Shuttle-derived.

It's the only game in town now.

Either support it or don't.

#664 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-04 15:23:33

"And how exactly do you intend to ensure that the Shuttle Army is largely culled, Publiusr? It seems to me that the temptation for NASA management or Congressmen to not cut down their number sufficently will be the end of everything. Shuttle costs $4.3Bn per year to operate, and under a quarter of that is actual flight hardware aproximatly. SDV would absolutely have to be operated for no more then half a billion per flight, which right now that seems pretty optimistic since the pieces alone would run ~$180M... only a bit more then Shuttle's consumeables, but it costs about $1,000M per flight."

Even if that is true, that still comes to $200 million per 20 tons--the same or less than EELV, and with far less RS-68s and upper stages expended. And less construction time.

The actual cost is still less.

"Even when Zubrin states things that are factually not true? "

And how is what he says on this not true?

"Side mount allows outsized objects to be taken to space--and X-33 was to evolved into external payload pods due to all its internal volume going to fuel."

"Actually no. This is because the X-33 was not going to be the ultimate end of the design, but rather a light spaceplane as a design test bed and for specialty payload (or weapon) delivery for the USAF. The Venturestar would have had a fully internal payload bay, made possible with its lower mass per volume."

Not according to the book Lockheed's Secret Projects. The payload was in fact to be exterior/side-mount for Venture Star.   Look it up.

"Are you completly out of your MIND? ACTIVE cooling for reentry? Oh lord, I am going to rub my temples and pretend you didn't just say that. I think thats the dumbest idea i've heard since Errorist was building piplines."

You are not listening. Side mount allows for scramjet boilerplates and allows for active cooling to at least be tested in large scale. If that doesn't work--you can go to a Faget Straight wing. That is why engines need to go under the ET, so you are not limited to any one wing design--any one orbiter. I have seen drawings of side mount aerobrake disks wider than an orbiter's wingspan for some of Boeing's old Shuttle-C proposals. Top mount will not allow for this.


"Um, what? Why on Earth would we use low-performance, difficult to store,"

They are called storable propellants because they are in fact more easily stored. That's the dumbest statement I've heard you make in some time.

"And frankly, I don't exactly put much stock in the Starlifter people, nor this fellow at TheSpaceReview who can't add... The cost of the parts alone for Ares would aproximatly equal his estimate, and not include money for all the engineers to ready and fly it. Same deal with Shuttle-C with SSMEs."

So you say sir; But I don't put much stock in your opinions, because you can't subtract.

I want only three SSME's/RS-68s per 100 tons.

You want 15 thrown away in five launches of that pad-sitting Delta IV with piecemeal ISS assembly.

That means you want to throw away 12 more engines than are needed, not counting five upper stages, pad time, etc.

Now who can't do math?

It's shuttle-derived or nothing pal.

Deal with it.

#665 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-03 17:38:51

There are certain shapes that just work. It is easy to bash that design--but due to having greater attachment points along the length and not just the diameter of the vehicle--side-mounting which reduces pitch-loads, etc.

The shuttle looks the way it does for a reason. If if Nixon had given SSTO all the money it needed, you would have had twice the wing weight, twice the landing gear--and no HLLV.

Energiya is a good shape.

Take a look at this mini/hybrid version of Energiya-Buran--er, Dream Chaser:

http://www.popsci.com/popsci/aviation/a … 53,00.html

Polyus:

http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/vi … hp?t=30510

#666 Re: Interplanetary transportation » The Myth of Heavy Lift - (Let the fight begin...) » 2005-03-03 16:23:25

I loved Revengers smack against "Angry Apollo era engineers."

How thoughtless.

Zubrin is not the only one who understands the need for SDV HLLV:

http://www.starbooster.com/aquila.htm]h … aquila.htm
http://www.starbooster.com/TALAYPanel3F … 3FINAL.pdf
http://www.nsschapters.org/ny....ied.pd … ...ied.pdf
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1 … icle/150/1

And you're right and they are all wrong. But Mr. Revenger has never been wrong about anything, has he?

#667 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-03 16:05:44

Sadly, a clean sheet approach to HLLVs is out of the question, and scuttlebutt has it that shuttle-derived is gaining ground .

There are certain political realities that must be appreciated here. If, for instance, we were to go to an "all-Alabama" human-spaceflight stance, with CEV designed here, Delta IV built here, etc.--why would people in Louisiana support space with Michold out of the mix. With SRB's gone--why should Utah.

The one thing that will get us heavy-lift is the one thing we were all told was to be avoided--

"standing armies" to launch spacecraft.

Well, these standing armies vote, and have representatives. The folks in Michold don't think much of Atlas V and CEV putting their head on the chopping block, and are breaking rank.

Now that UTC has kerolox and hydrolox engines, an "American Energiya" will look pretty good to them

Shuttle-Derived is the only game in town. Saturn is a dead god. I am of the opinion that if shuttle architecture dies, we will NEVER  have heavy lift--and all we will be doing is building a pig of a CEV to service ISS and stay in LEO.

Expect the worst. I find Zubrin more truthful than the EELV hacks myself.


Here is what will sell politically. Huntsville/Marshall designs an "American Energiya" with an engine-equipped ET built in Michold with simpler SSMEs/RS-68s, ATK uses existing solids and builds five-segment solids, and EELV will be downselected to Atlas V ONLY unless Boeing pitches in some help with Heavy-Lift. They are vulnerable with all the scandals and will be tractable in McCain and others threaten Boeing contracts if they don't behave.

It will take both the carrot and stick approach. Once HLLV is flying, nix Delta IV and the Mars Discovery missions until heavy sample return probes are built. Finish ISS with HLLV, and sign it over for the Russians to operate.

This is the best we can hope for--like it or don't. It keeps jobs and will get better support from politicos.

the difference between Zenit and Energiya strap-on is not great.

Our problem is that we have used Russian tech, but kept bad American designs. We need the Energiya planform--but with all-American engines and build.

One reason I still like side-mount (like what the orbital version of Dream Chaser will be most likely) is that it reduces pitch loads/bending moments.

A side-mounted orbiter scale hypersonic boilerplate in place of a possible future Buran type orbiter will keep the 747 in air as a hypersonic test-bed release ferry. Large scale hypersonic boilerplates will be released from the side of an HLLV/ET to undergo re-entry tests  AT LARGE SCALE--so as to have room for active cooling technology that cannot be done with surfboard sized X-43s.

Side mount allows outsized objects to be taken to space--and X-33 was to evolved into external payload pods due to all its internal volume going to fuel.

Side-mount allows the entire width, length and height of an HLLV/ET to be used as a strongback, good for bulky payloads that otherwise would be under larger and more limber shrouds.

This won't be done all at once, but it allows HLLVs to have more payloads and most importantly--gives the hypersonics people a reason to support HLLV over an EELV that--outside X-37--won't help them a jot.

If the hypersonics people get behind HLLV with others, it will have a chance.

If you support heavy-lift, now is the time to do so.
I can't help it if Zubrin creeps people out. I disagree with him in that I still favor hypergolics for moonships, but SDV HLLVs are the best we can hope for.

He may seem impatient, but he has a point. if we don't get Heavy-lift now, we never will.


Imagine this scenario:

Shuttle is dead. EELVs loft capsules to ISS, which stays under construction.  NASA thinks that the shuttle-budget can now go to hypersonics or clean-sheet. The hypersonics people took a big hit, and need something to get behind with the Fighter-jocks at the Air Farce still against space spending.

Untill President X wages a war on Iran or has a new social program, etc.

And the Shuttle-budget goes back into HUD/VA, Homeland Security-and we all zip around in capsules in LEO no better than China, Russia (and maybe India, Japan and Europe).

And we stay in LEO or have Zond style circumlunar missions AND GO NO FURTHER.

Is that what you want?

X-33 wasted billions, and a HLLV could have used that money.

Zubrin is not the only one who understands the need for SDV HLLV:

http://www.starbooster.com/aquila.htm]h … aquila.htm
http://www.starbooster.com/TALAYPanel3F … 3FINAL.pdf
http://www.nsschapters.org/ny/nyc/Shutt … ...ied.pdf
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1 … icle/150/1

Hu Davis -of Apollo fame--supports this approach, as do many who think very little of Delta IV.


Push for HLLV--and you MAKE the need.

Or get ready to stay in LEO with sardine cans.

#668 Re: Human missions » China The Dominant Superpower In 20 Years..... - What does this mean for US? » 2005-03-02 17:23:57

The Indians are designing larger GSLV type vehicles, and China's largest new 504 series will exceed Delta IV according to some.

#670 Re: Interplanetary transportation » The Myth of Heavy Lift - (Let the fight begin...) » 2005-03-02 17:17:21

revenger wrote:
"Fine, tell me how any model of the Delta-IV could subject the CEV to 25G loads."

Abort profiles. I find the folks at Thiokol more credible than Boeing . Read last weeks av week about the Delta IV's problems--and how the astronauts don't like EELV.

"If you mean 25G's from the escape system to ensure crew surviveability in a booster failure, that is equally nonsense. Thikol estimated that putting CEV on top of a modified Shuttle SRB in their "Shuttle derived" vehicle would have only exposed the crew to 8Gs. "

Their vehicle--less than Boeing's. Talk to Chuck Jensen there at ATK.

"Guess what? Russia's new Klipper manned spacecraft, the replacement for the allmighty Soyuz... will ride on Zenit. "

Actually, Kliper was an excuse to convince the Euro's to give the R-7 pad there a hydrogen upper stage handling capability to double its payload and turn it into an Ariane killer by sneak.

Don't even try to talk down engine out. It is more than a nice thing to have. I doubt kliper will ever see service.

"No engine out capability there, and it doesn't seem to bother the Russians. The statistics are all that matters, not your wannabe-engineers' "intuition."

That is friendly talk from you. I guess the engineers who do appreciate engine-out aren't as smart as you. Or maybe you are just a smart-ass.

You sound like one.

"--throwing away five RS-68s to do it, where shuttle-derived can do it with three and have engine out."

Actually, each one would come equipped with only three booster cores, and only three RS-68's each.

Yeah three each--for five Delta IVs to do what one three RS-68 HLLV can do with the engine-out which saved at least one Saturn V mission--remember?

http://www.space.com/spacenews/pdf/zubr … zubrin.pdf

Read it and weep.

On to other matters then...

Ariane V may actually be phased out. The Zenit is Ukrainian--not Russian--in design, and the R-7 is what the Russians want upgraded, because with a hydrogen upper stage, it will take a bit more to LEO than even Zenit can--unless it gets the same work.

If the Euros go along with a hydrogen upper stage, they may try to build a larger launcher for their Aurora plans.

Energiya M would have been better than Ariane V anyway.

#671 Re: Interplanetary transportation » A new HLLV essay » 2005-03-02 17:02:37

Energiya lives in its strap-ons--the Zenits, and in Atlas V and Sea Launch. The Energiya design is quite sound, as are the arguements for HLLV and against EELV:

http://www.space.com/spacenews/pdf/zubr … zubrin.pdf

#672 Re: Interplanetary transportation » The Myth of Heavy Lift - (Let the fight begin...) » 2005-02-25 16:31:21

The lack of Engine-Out in the Delta IV--which must rise 1,000 feet straight up and can subject crews to 25 g during abort is all the reason to avoid the lemon that is the Delta IV.

"This is not true. The 25G seperation is a scare-tactic lie with no basis in reality."

It most certainly is true. That is Boeing hype that tells you it isn't.


"More unsubstantiated rumor-mongering."

Take a look at the other HLLV thread--for a picture of Delta IV surrounded by fire.

Or is that a scare tactic too?

Or Johnson's not taking a shine to it?

"The USAF doesn't seem terribly concernd"
The Air Farce is run by retards.

"It wouldn't really surprise me if these lies came from disgruntled NASA/United Space employees working at KSC who may become "surplussed" without a heavy lift rocket based from there."

It wouldn't surprise me if Boeing's lies about Delta IV are to unload that dog on us taxpayers now that it has been withdrawn from the commercial market--with its Zenit Sea Launch vehicle taking those--Zenit, the Energiya HLLV strap-on.

Two words: Darleen Druyen.

"Engine-out capability is also not that important."

:laugh:  :laugh:  :laugh:


"The model of Delta-IV that I am most interested in is the upgraded 40MT version of the current Delta-IV HLV, which will be able to acend from the pad much faster with its improved engines and lighter construction."

--throwing away five RS-68s to do it, where shuttle-derived can do it with three and have engine out.

"Going with "Delta-IV+" will also save having to develop two rockets."

We already have two tax supported EELVs as it is. We need one EELV and one HLLV. Not duplication of effort.

#673 Re: Human missions » New Space Shuttle » 2005-02-25 16:19:46

"Yet if Challenger hadn't happened, some type of major shuttle accident would have happened in 1986."

I find that assertion pompous an callous.

Buran is simpler and can be switched out with other payloads. There is no doub that 100 ton station modules would have been had--and with American quality control

"As far as Columbia goes, I doubt that Energia-Buran would have been able to avoid a foam-strike incident like Columbia suffered.  I haven't been able to get a good answer for this, but I'm assuming that Energia was covered in insulating foam, just like the Shuttle ET."

Buran flys heads up--out of the way.

"They went straignt from the X-15 to the massive shuttle without taking intermediate steps like the smaller X-20 in between."

Buran at least, unlike our STS--had the BOR boilerplates.

#674 Re: Human missions » Richard Branson / Rutan Team Up For Orbital Flight - Five year plan to put tourists in space? » 2005-02-25 16:15:27

On Page 55 of POP SCI there is a nice stack.

Admittedly, Space Dev is probably not up to the task.

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