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#576 Re: Not So Free Chat » Election Meddling » 2016-11-15 00:23:17

Racist or not, Trump is going to be our next President, the time for choosing our next President has past. We are going to find out what sort of President he's going to be, so lets wait and see. There have been a lot of lies and distortions over the past campaign, so lets just wait and see what sort of President Donald Trump is going to be. Campaigning and protesting does nothing at this point. I say save your judgment for 2020, because that is when the next Presidential election is.

#577 Re: Not So Free Chat » Election Meddling » 2016-11-14 08:34:11

Frederick Christ "Fred" Trump (October 11, 1905 – June 25, 1999) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist, and the father of United States Appeals Judge Maryanne Trump Barry as well as businessman and President-elect of the United States, Donald Trump.

Trump's development company built and managed single-family houses in Queens, barracks and garden apartments for U.S. Navy personnel near major shipyards along the East Coast, and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City.

During his business career, Trump was investigated by a U.S. Senate committee (1954) for profiteering from public contracts, was investigated by the U.S. Justice Department's Civil Rights Division (1973) for civil rights violations — and was the subject of numerous critiques by noted folk icon Woody Guthrie.[1][2][3][4]

That is of course Fred Trump, but being investigate is not the same thing as being found guilty. Various Democrats were members of the Klan including the famous Woodrow Wilson, who was President of the United States during World War I.

Donald Trump is not known to be a racist, he has been a public figure and was host of the Apprentice, if he was a member of or a supporter of the Klan, I'm sure the subject would have come up long before he ran for President. Now as I said before, the Klan supporting him is not the same thing as Trump supporting the Klan. The fact that we're "Finding out" about Trump "being a racist" only after he started running for President indicates that it was most likely made up by the Clinton campaign, and Hillary Clinton is not the most honest source for this "News", she is a pathological liar, has made up stories about being under sniper fire in Bosnia, she has no qualms about telling a fib when it suits her purpose. In any case, even if Trump was a racist, at this point he would still be President, it didn't stop Woodrow Wilson after all, and he was a racist! The time for campaigning is over with, the election has been decided, we have to come together as a nation now and decide where we are to go from here. The United States has had many racist presidents in the past, and it will survive this one too, assuming he was racist, which I am not.

#578 Re: Not So Free Chat » Election Meddling » 2016-11-13 07:28:37

From the Klu Klux Klan Imperial Wizard's point of view, he had to choose from what he considered the "lesser of two evils" David Duke wasn't running for President, so his choice was the same as ours, he could have chosen Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump. A lot of KKK members are rural blue collar workers, most of the countryside has gone for Donald Trump, and aside from their racist agenda, the candidate which benefits them the most they figure in terms of jobs, would be Donald Trump, not Hillary Clinton. I don't think its a great surprise that the KKK would endorse Trump, but it has nothing to do with White Supremacy, after all both candidates are white. A racist is not on the ballot, so they get to pick what they consider the best between the two. Because a racist endorses Trump does not mean that Trump is a racist, that is faulty logic.

#579 Re: Not So Free Chat » Election Meddling » 2016-11-12 17:28:55

I don't think there are a lot of Trump electors that are fond of Hillary and are willing to overlook her scandals and legal troubles to change their vote for Trump over to Hillary, so I don't see much chance of that happening. If the Republicans somehow agree to impeach him, then you'd have President Mike Pence, would you rather he be President? I don't think that's going to happen. Now lets talk about what Trump is going to do in space. Perhaps there is a hint on how he'd handle infrastructure projects, instead of funding them directly, he'd get private enterprise to fund them in exchange for tax credits. So if SpaceX were to fund a mission to Mars, then they'd get to deduct the cost from their business taxes. Would that work? Lets say SpaceX owes X amount of taxes for example, so they launch a mission to Mars that costs X dollars, and for that, they eliminate their taxes for that year! Does that sound good? Payment in kind I think is what its called.

#580 Re: Terraformation » Terraforming NoPlanet » 2016-11-12 14:09:12

Here is another related idea In this case its a cylinder that rotates once every 90 minutes.
unfolded_dymaxion_map_by_tomkalbfus-dao9j8w.png
The continents are relatively undistorted
artificial_world_by_tomkalbfus-dalwhj2.png
This world comes with its own fusion powered light source, it need not orbit a star. One idea is to have it orbit the fifth gas giant orbiting The Sun, this planet is projected to have around ten Earth masses, it has a perihelion of 200 AU, a Semi-major axis of 700 AU, and an Aphelion of 1200 AU, and an orbital period of 10,000 to 20,000 years. Because it has an artificial sky (the inner cylinder) you can project whatever latitude of daylight on the inner habitable surface of the outer cylinder. I think if the inner cylinder touches the atmosphere, it can regulate local air pressure using a ventilation system and fans, this occurs high in the atmosphere above the breathable portion, but you can create low and high pressure air masses and adding and subtraction air to various places, causing winds to flow in the desired direction, simulating a rotating planet.

#581 Re: Not So Free Chat » Politics » 2016-11-12 09:15:30

trump261600x1200.jpg
Remember Ivanka Trump? What is her religion? Look it up! You know how the KKK feels about Jews. So what are the chances of Trump being a member of the KKK and having a Jewish daughter? This is just propaganda put out by the Democratic Party, and it doesn't matter, the Constitution says Trump is President. The smear tactic didn't work and Trump will be President, that is just a fact.

#582 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Trump Tower? » 2016-11-11 12:54:26

elderflower wrote:

I woder,will it be built with Mexican bricks?
Seriously though, the top of your tower is still well within the Atmosphere. Therefore it might be partially supported with buoyant gas bags (Hydrogen or Helium).
It would be handy if it had a vacuum in it, but that would only be possible if the top could be closed off, then you wouldn't need to push a large quantity of air out of the top. Perhaps a burstable cover?
To evacuate it would be difficult unless it could be charged with Ammonia which could then be scavenged by a water spray. I don't know how much of a vacuum this would make, but it might be quite good, considering the solubility of Ammonia.
The bore of the tube should be non conducting so that a linear accelerator could surround it to accelerate the fuelled rocket and payload to very high velocity at the exit from the tube, before ignition.

They don't need to be boyant, simple air pressure within the bags can support the tower I don't think the shaft need be evacuated, you simply push hard enough to overcome the air resistance, as you go faster and higher the air thins out and there is less wind resistance. In fact you could even push the air upwards with your payload

#583 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Breakthrough In-Space Propulsion for Affordable Mars Missions » 2016-11-11 11:37:57

Is there a deadline, is Mars going away? We need to spend a certain amount of money to get to Mars, why can't we fit that amount in an annual NASA budget without blowing up that budget? Lets say we can afford to spend X number of dollars per year, and the Mars people say its going t take Y dollars to get to Mars, so the formula for the number of years it would take to launch that mission to Mars becomes Y/X = the number of years it takes to launch that Mission to get to Mars! Why is that so hard?

#584 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Trump Tower? » 2016-11-11 08:43:58

Well Trump wouldn't be spending his money in this case if he were President. A tall mountain is made of rock, the highest tall mountain there is, is Mount Everest, I think with modern construction techniques, we can build something that was even taller because the construction material we would use would not be rock. Mount Everest is about 5 miles high, using a compression structure, I think we could build a structure that was 10 miles high or 52,800 feet. In the center of the tower, we can build an elevator big enough to carry a rocket.
1 second
32 ft/sec
16 feet

10 seconds
320 ft/sec
1600 feet

20 seconds
640 ft/sec
6400 feet

30 seconds
960 ft/sec
14,400 feet

40 seconds
1280 ft/sec
25,600 feet

45 seconds
1440 ft/sec
32,400 ft.

50 seconds
1600 ft/sec
40,000 ft.

55 seconds
1760 ft/sec
48,400 ft.

56 seconds
1792 ft/sec
50,176 ft.

57 seconds
1824 ft/sec
51,984 ft.

by accelerating up this shaft at 2 times the acceleration due to Earth's gravity, we can achieve a velocity of 0.35 miles per second, if we accelerate up this shaft at 3-g then we end up cruising at 0.7 miles per second at an altitude of 10 miles, this is about 0.5 km/sec and you till have 10.5 km/sec to go to achieve escape velocity or about 7.5 km/sec to achieve orbit. The rocket would continue to ascend for 114 seconds after having accelerated up the tower at 3-g for 57 seconds, starting at an initial upward velocity of 3648 ft/sec, it would reach a maximum height of 207,936 ft. or 39 miles, if the rocket fired its engines in a horizontal direction for the 114 seconds it took to reach that height and accelerated at 3-g, it would reach a horizontal velocity of 10,944 feet per second or 2 miles per second, almost half orbital velocity, it would take another 114 seconds to fall back to 10 miles altitude after that, if we ignore the curvature of the Earth., If we added another g of acceleration, we could probably reach orbit in another 120 second by canceling our downward fall.

#585 Interplanetary transportation » Trump Tower? » 2016-11-11 01:50:10

Tom Kalbfus
Replies: 19

We have a new president, Donald Trump, and he likes to build stuff. with government funding, what sort of things might he direct NASA to build? Particularly if Trump likes to build towers, what if he tried to build a particularly tall one for launching satellites? How tall a tower could we possibly build? Assume the time frame is the next 8 years. Would their be an advantage in building a tower as tall as we can and ten launching a rocket from the top of it?

#586 Re: Not So Free Chat » Election Meddling » 2016-11-11 01:35:08

SpaceNut wrote:

The media on both sides have been filtering news to area locals, reporting only what they want, supressing news on both....There has been drivers running over opposing people in the name of there candidates. Shooting not only before, during the polling and even after in the name of strong emotions from each side of hate. Burning of churches some with people in them with the vote for Trump written on there walls.....There is talk of seccession from several states as a result of Trump winning. This election from both candidates being so vile that we are turning the clocks back on prejudice to a near civil war conditions as we see it in the rioting, protestings and so much more on both sides of the coin.


I thought we all came here to create something more than going around in circles in the iss and that we all had a dream of greatness to do something more.

The Media has been mostly on Clinton's side. You know how I can tell? The polls on November 8th all pointed to a Clinton victory, and then the actual results of the election were tallied and Trump won! Now why with all these polls did they err on the side of a Clinton victory? That is because the media taking these polls wanted to see Clinton win, people who suggested that there was a hidden Trump vote were derided as crackpots, until the actual results came it, and then the Media pretended to be "shocked" at this "come from behind" victory for Trump! Yeah right! I don't believe it!

I have not heard any talk of secession, there are some riots in various big cities, but the military is not supporting them, as parts of the Military did during the Southern Rebellion called the Civil war from 1861 to 1865. the rioters are just being sore losers.

#587 Re: Not So Free Chat » Politics » 2016-11-11 01:26:42

louis wrote:

That was my point: markets have been around since the dawn of time - but so has leader-driven allocation of resources. 

Marx didn't invent socialism - there were many thinkers and practictioners e.g. Robert Owen in the UK who preceded him. 

I don't particularly want the state selling hamburgers... but "natural" monopolies - roads, rail, gas (as in British meaning), electricity, water...there are some good arguments for state ownership and in many places these are all or primarily state owned.  In the UK, because it is so easy for big players to operate cartels, we have to have special state appointed referees to oversee these markets...which means as I said they aren't really free markets.

...

Roads count as infrastructure, when they are toll roads or bridges, they could be operated by a private company, in the case of the New York Bridge and Toll authority, the tolls we pay range from $8.00 each way to $20.00 one way, the revenue raised often goes to subsidize other things such as train service, the building of the World trade center, I think they might be cheaper if operated by a private company or companies. As for rails, they compete with roads and planes, it used to be the only mechanical mode of transportation in the 19th century, but no longer. Trains compete with trucks, buses, cars, and planes for various destinations, so it not really a natural monopoly anymore, and doesn't need to be run by the government. Gas can be obtained in many places, it is only the pipe which carries it which may be considered a natural monopoly, but what keeps the price of gas down is competition between gas producers, and of course other forms of energy such as coal, wood, and oil, gas doesn't need to be produced by the government. With electricity it is much the same as gas, you have the electricity distribution system, and you have the actual producers of electricity. Wires can carry electricity from multiple producers, people have a choice in power companies, you just need to account for the electricity going onto the wire and the electricity coming off of it for each customer, by doing that, you can determine who is paying from what electricity produced where. The wires are a part of public infrastructure much as roads and gas pipelines. It used to be that the power supplier also built and maintained the wires, but no longer. There are also many trucking firms using the same public highways, the trucks compete. Having a "Natural Monopoly" isn't an excuse for the government to take over, it just means that someone hasn' found a way to make the market competitive yet, if government takes it over, then you lose the opportunity to make it competitive, because government won't allow it.

Governments also don't keep costs down, lets say you have government operated trains, the government sells train tickets for $20 lets say, and suddenly the train workers go on strike, the government sends a negotiator to the Union representatives to find out what's wrong. The Union representative says, we want a raise from $25 to $35 an hour, the government says, "no problem", and then it raises taxes, and continues to sell tickets for $20. Taxpayers complain about higher taxes, but they don't associated it with the government giving in to union demands too easily. After all the government is spending your money, not its own.

#588 Re: Not So Free Chat » Politics » 2016-11-10 09:22:31

louis wrote:

People some times confuse capitalism with markets.  The two are quite distinct. We've had markets for millennia. But capitalism is a form of ownership (joint stock companies) that is quite new - only really around in numbers since c 1800. We could have markets plus co-operatives for instance or markets and state owned enterprises.  I tend to avoid the phrase "free market" because no market is really free - there is always some sort of legal or social framework that modifies free exchange e.g. licensing of pitches at a market, licences to operate a bank, legal standards, trade associations, and market power (e.g. where a big firm can use predatory pricing to kill off competition from a smaller new entrant to the market).

Do you watch soccer? You are from the UK right? Do you like to see the referee playing in the game in his striped shirt, kicking the ball into the goal and yelling "Score!"? That is how I liken states competing in the free market, the government is the referee, it can't be allowed to be the participant, that is called a conflict of interest. The referee cannot be expected to be unbiased if he I a participant. The government is funded by taxpayers, you can't really want government workers selling hamburgers and hot dogs in the park driving out all the free market participants, that is called unfair competition! A government supported by taxpayers and writing the laws, should not be selling things in the market and competing with people that have to live off the revenue of their sales, unlike the government!

The term "Capitalism" was coined by Karl Marx as he needed an enemy to sell his Communism against. Communism is an invented thing, it needs to be actively managed by government and enforced to prevent market economics from taking over. What Karl Marx calls Capitalism is when government minimally interferes in the market instead of maximally interfering as he would like. There have been market economies since before the dawn of civilization, people have traded since before there was writing. The American Indians had a market system from before the first arrival of European settlers, tribes traded with each other, and so there was a market. Karl Marx didn't like this, he thought that the government should control all trading relationships, that is what Communism is all about!

#589 Re: Not So Free Chat » Election Meddling » 2016-11-09 22:10:50

Interesting how the election turned out. Everyone was so sure that Hillary would win and Trump would lose, right up to election night, it was so depressing that I took a nap in the middle of the day. I figured that they were all lying, and giving false polls to dispirit Republicans, and low and behold, Trump won!

#590 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Co-discover of Metallic Hydrogen wrote paper on metallic hydrogen for » 2016-11-08 00:28:14

A Swedish physical chemist, Leif Homlid, is producing ultra-dense deuterium, though the news-bite is a bit vague on how much and how stable it is. However it’s 130,000 times denser than water and would make a fantastic fusion fuel in an ICR fusion system. Might even make deuterium rockets a whole lot easier than Friedwardt Winterberg has imagined. Sure would be a less bulky way of storing the stuff if it could be made in bulk.

130,000 times denser than water?!!! Metallic hydrogen is only 15 times as dense as liquid hydrogen, which makes it about as dense as water. Metallic deuterium would be twice as dense, but 130,000 times as dense? So one cubic meter of the stuff would weigh 130,000 tons? I wonder how much gravity it would have? That would be 130,000,000 kg. 867438000E -11 Newtons

#591 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Breakthrough In-Space Propulsion for Affordable Mars Missions » 2016-11-08 00:18:02

Antius wrote:
Tom Kalbfus wrote:
Void wrote:

I am going to post, and will list other things, but really, I am not pushing any certain technology, rather I choose to make the observation that I would like to be alive 100 years from now to see what technologies would be put to use.

Stuff from another topic:
http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=751
-Harvesting atmosphere from planets like Mars, to provide propulsion mass. 
-Magnetic heat shields.
-Fusion pulse rockets.
-Plasma Mass drivers.

And then Tom posted this about Metallic Hydrogen:
http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=7534
I had thought that launching loads from Earth was never going to have a better implementation than what is being matured on the launch pads today.  It would seem that 50-100 years from now that might not be true.

And then there is ballistic capture for payloads, which might not be that great for human space flight, but for pre-positioned payloads, and planned routine resupply might be very efficient.

My observation is that spaceflight technology has a long way to go before maturing into a dogma that satisfies best needs.
I am glad about that.

Yes, I know "We need to be "Down To Earth!" about technologies to get to Mars". smile

You might prefer stuff that can be reasonably mature in 10-20 years.

Metallic hydrogen has some other properties as well, superconductivity, we could use that to build a magsail, the article said it was 15 times denser than liquid hydrogen, about 14 cubic meters of the stuff weighs a ton, so that means a cubic meter of metallic hydrogen weighs a bit over a ton, a little more than the density of water. Metallic hydrogen is also monoatomic, its chemical formula is H, and monoatomic hydrogen is its own oxidizer, H + H -> H2 plus energy. the reaction product is molecular hydrogen, which because of its low molecular weight has a high specific impulse, and a temperature of 6000 K, about the temperature of the surface of the Sun. By mixing the exhaust with more hydrogen, we can lower its temperature so that it can be contained within a reaction vessel, but it would enable a single stage to orbit vehicle. Metallic hydrogen is hard to make, but easier than anti-hydrogen, safer to use as well, it is non nuclear so it isn't radioactive, and the exhaust it produces is simple hydrogen, which at the temperature it exits the reaction chamber, will quickly combine with oxygen in our own atmosphere to produce water vapor.

Question: Metallic hydrogen forms at pressures of ~10E6 bar.  Does it cease to be metallic when that pressure is removed?  i.e. is it stable under standard conditions?  If not, it would appear to have limited utility.

I think it does, but if it does, it would be very explosive, since it reacts with itself. It forms a crystal lattice of monoatomic hydrogen, if you heat it above a certain temperature, hydrogen atoms would break out of the crystal lattice and react with each other to form molecular hydrogen and releasing a tremendous amount of energy while doing so, this energy would heat the remainder of the crystal, creating a chain reaction leading to an explosion! So if every we produced this stuff and it was stable, we would have to figure out how to react a little bit of it at a time, so we can have a rocket instead of a bomb!

#592 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Co-discover of Metallic Hydrogen wrote paper on metallic hydrogen for » 2016-11-07 10:39:24

elderflower wrote:

Interesting!
I wonder what the effect of introducing deuterons or alloying elements would be.

You could maybe make a pure fusion bomb have a metallice deuterium-tritium core surrounded by a mantle of metallic protonium-hydrogen. Ignite the protonium on all sides so you have an even burn. The metallic protonium turns to gaseous protonium producing inward compression of the core. While the outer shell is undergoing H + H combustion, the core is getting crushed, as it implodes it heats up, maybe to fusion temperatures, and basically what you have is a fusion bomb without plutonium!

#593 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Co-discover of Metallic Hydrogen wrote paper on metallic hydrogen for » 2016-11-06 11:23:54

I wonder how you would set of metallic hydrogen so that it explodes! It the stuff is stable at room temperature and normal pressures, what destabilizes it? The paper wasn't very specific. Lets say you had a kilogram of metallic hydrogen sitting on the table, and you touched it with your finger. Does it explode!

#594 Re: Interplanetary transportation » Breakthrough In-Space Propulsion for Affordable Mars Missions » 2016-11-05 20:42:45

Void wrote:

I am going to post, and will list other things, but really, I am not pushing any certain technology, rather I choose to make the observation that I would like to be alive 100 years from now to see what technologies would be put to use.

Stuff from another topic:
http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=751
-Harvesting atmosphere from planets like Mars, to provide propulsion mass. 
-Magnetic heat shields.
-Fusion pulse rockets.
-Plasma Mass drivers.

And then Tom posted this about Metallic Hydrogen:
http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?id=7534
I had thought that launching loads from Earth was never going to have a better implementation than what is being matured on the launch pads today.  It would seem that 50-100 years from now that might not be true.

And then there is ballistic capture for payloads, which might not be that great for human space flight, but for pre-positioned payloads, and planned routine resupply might be very efficient.

My observation is that spaceflight technology has a long way to go before maturing into a dogma that satisfies best needs.
I am glad about that.

Yes, I know "We need to be "Down To Earth!" about technologies to get to Mars". smile

You might prefer stuff that can be reasonably mature in 10-20 years.

Metallic hydrogen has some other properties as well, superconductivity, we could use that to build a magsail, the article said it was 15 times denser than liquid hydrogen, about 14 cubic meters of the stuff weighs a ton, so that means a cubic meter of metallic hydrogen weighs a bit over a ton, a little more than the density of water. Metallic hydrogen is also monoatomic, its chemical formula is H, and monoatomic hydrogen is its own oxidizer, H + H -> H2 plus energy. the reaction product is molecular hydrogen, which because of its low molecular weight has a high specific impulse, and a temperature of 6000 K, about the temperature of the surface of the Sun. By mixing the exhaust with more hydrogen, we can lower its temperature so that it can be contained within a reaction vessel, but it would enable a single stage to orbit vehicle. Metallic hydrogen is hard to make, but easier than anti-hydrogen, safer to use as well, it is non nuclear so it isn't radioactive, and the exhaust it produces is simple hydrogen, which at the temperature it exits the reaction chamber, will quickly combine with oxygen in our own atmosphere to produce water vapor.

#595 Interplanetary transportation » Co-discover of Metallic Hydrogen wrote paper on metallic hydrogen for » 2016-11-05 13:29:45

Tom Kalbfus
Replies: 26

November 05, 2016
Co-discover of Metallic Hydrogen wrote paper on metallic hydrogen for rockets

On October 5th 2016, Ranga Dias and Isaac F. Silvera of Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University released the first experimental evidence that solid metallic hydrogen has been synthesized in the laboratory.

It took 495 GPa pressure to create. The sample is being held in the cryostat in liquid nitrogen.

Atomic metallic hydrogen, if metastable at ambient pressure and temperature could be used as the most powerful chemical rocket fuel, as the atoms recombine to form molecular hydrogen. This light-weight high-energy density material would revolutionize rocketry, allowing single-stage rockets to enter orbit and chemically fueled rockets to explore our solar system. To transform solid molecular hydrogen to metallic hydrogen requires extreme high pressures.

Isaac Silvera headed a 2011-2012 NIAC metallic hydrogen project and also co-wrote a 2010 paper on metallic hydrogen rockets.

NOTE Nextbigfuture believes until metallic hydrogen becomes very, very cheap, it will be far more valuable for possible superconducting properties than for rocket fuel. Even very high performance rocket fuel. If metallic hydrogen is a room temperature superconductor that is metastable after releasing the pressure that created it, and the critical current is very high, then improvements to engines and high performance magnetic sails would be possible. This will be considered in future posts.
metallichydrogen.jpg

Metallic Hydrogen: The Most Powerful Rocket Fuel Yet to Exist Isaac F. Silvera and John W. Cole

There was a 22 page presentation in 2012 on metallic hydrogen as a rocket fuel

Some Remarkable Properties of Metallic Hydrogen
•Recombination of hydrogen atoms releases 216 MJ/kg
•Hydrogen/Oxygen combustion in the Shuttle: 10 MJ/kg
•TNT 4.2 MJ/kg
•Theoretical Specific Impulse, Isp
•Metallic Hydrogen 1000-1700s
•Molecular hydrogen/oxygen ~460 s (space shuttle)
•Metallic density
about 12-1315 fold of liquid molecular hydrogen [lab results of actual metallic hydrogen was 15 times denser]
•Sufficient thrust for single-stage to orbit; explore outer planets

Silvera Goals

•Produce metallic hydrogen in small quantities [now this is done in 2016]
•Test for metastability [next on the objectives]
•Determine Critical Temperature for conversion
•Develop a method to scale down the critical pressure [Silvera has ideas about injecting electrons]
diamondanvil.png
reducepressuremetalh.png
reducepressureelectrongun.png
It was predicted that metallic hydrogen might be a metastable material so that it remains metallic when pressure is released. Experimental pressures achieved on hydrogen have been more than an order of magnitude higher than the predicted transition pressure and yet it remains an insulator. Tthe applications of metastable metallic hydrogen to rocketry. Metastable metallic hydrogen would be a very light-weight, low volume, powerful rocket propellant. One of the characteristics of a propellant is its specific impulse, Isp . Liquid (molecular) hydrogen-oxygen used in modern rockets has an Isp of ~460s; metallic hydrogen has a theoretical Isp of 1700 s! Detailed analysis shows that such a fuel would allow single-stage rockets to enter into orbit or carry economical payloads to the moon. If pure metallic hydrogen is used as a propellant, the reaction chamber temperature is calculated to be greater than 6000 K, too high for currently known rocket engine materials. By diluting metallic hydrogen with liquid hydrogen or water, the reaction temperature can be reduced, yet there is still a significant performance improvement for the diluted mixture.
metallichydrogenSSTO.png
http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/11/co … wrote.html

#596 Re: Life support systems » Pyramid Greenhouse » 2016-11-02 08:50:45

Has anyone ever built an actual house out of legos, you know they type one can live in?

#597 Re: Life support systems » Pyramid Greenhouse » 2016-11-01 20:49:28

Legos?
image
This picture looks like what your describing, but seriously, Legos?

#598 Re: Human missions » Giant Metallic Asteroid Psyche may have water » 2016-10-30 06:45:54

It would be great for building space colonies out of, and spaceships, Iron and nickel are building materials.

#599 Re: Human missions » Musk's plans for Mars » 2016-10-29 12:05:25

kbd512 wrote:
louis wrote:

Isn't that sort of landing pretty much what the Space Shuttle used to do before levelling out?

Whilst this sort of project may be feasible, development is going to take a long time. The Red Dragon could be used now to establish a base on Mars. It can carry a one tonne payload to Mars.  Let's send 20-30 over ten years. We may also need to separately land an inflatable Bigelow style home hab and a Mars Rover.  However, the Mars Rover might be sent in separate parts to be assembled on Mars. If we started now, with Space X's plans for the Red Dragon to fly to Mars orbit in 2018 we could be there by 2028 with a permanent base. The Red Dragon could be adapted to be an ascent craft as well.

Louis,

The Space Shuttle lands on runways nearly three miles long.  Max landing weight was approximately 90t.  I thought it was 120t, but I was wrong.  ITS will weigh about as much as a fully loaded AN-225 when it lands on Mars, although on Mars it would only weigh 228t with completely empty propellant tanks.

What happens if we put that much weight on sand?  Will ITS just sink into the sand?  Since ITS only has three landing legs, what happens if one of the landing legs lands on a rock and the other two legs land on sand?  If ITS has already contacted the Martian surface successfully, but subsequently sinks into the sand after it lands, will it tip over if the ground isn't very flat or the regolith is less compacted under one leg than another?  Does any of that seem a bit more dangerous than necessary?

Maybe the ITS landing gear needs guns loaded with stakes to anchor the craft to the ground on Mars.

I think Mr. Musk's ITS engineering team has their work cut out for them.

Mars isn't all sand dunes, it has bedrock too.

#600 Re: Human missions » Giant Metallic Asteroid Psyche may have water » 2016-10-29 10:36:26

RobertDyck wrote:

I heard that all metal meteorites are believed to come from the core of a protoplanet that broke up. To differentiate metal from rock, the object had to have been large enough to melt it's core, and large enough for gravity to cause metal to fall to the centre and rock to float. That's big. Would that require a dwarf planet like Ceres, or is an asteroid like Vesta big enough? So Psyche is the core of such a body, now exposed. Did all metal meteorites come from the same object? Is Psyche what's left of the core of that same object? Or did several objects break up?

In any case, if the book "Rare Earth" is correct about the magnetic field, the fact Psyche isn't molten and doesn't have a large moon means it shouldn't have a magnetic field as strong as Earth. It could have a magnetic field, but weak.

You could dig inside the asteroid, and if you go deep enough, all that metal bulk should protect adequately from all solar flares. Metal isn't he best shield, it produces secondary radiation, but if you go down far enough, even that will be ameliorated. Besides nickel and iron, there is likely heavier metals such as uranium in this asteroid, so space reactors, this could be valuable, there is likely gold, platinum and yes tungsten in this asteroid.

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