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A phantom, which was outside the International Space Station (ISS) for a year and a half, is now inside with the ISS crew. However this is no ghost story but a serious set of scientific experiments to monitor radiation levels inside and outside the ISS.
This Phantom is part of the ESA Matroshka experiment facility that was installed on the outside of the ISS on 27 February 2004 to measure radiation doses that astronauts experience during EVA activities.Knowing the radiation doses suffered by sensitive body organs is crucial for assessing the hazards from cosmic radiation. These are still not well known. The results obtained from this experiment could help in the development of countermeasures to the effect of cosmic radiation experienced by astronauts.
The facility was developed for ESA by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) with Dr. Günther Reitz of DLR acting as the DLR Project Manager and at the same time heading the science team for Matroshka. The Phantom has a human shape consisting of a head and torso, which simulates the human body with relation to size, shape, position and mass. This was mounted inside an outer container of carbon fibre and reinforced plastic to simulate a spacesuit.A two-year, €50 million ($60.5 million) evaluation of Russia’s proposed Kliper six-crew reusable spacecraft is now part of the European Space Agency’s updated Aurora exploration programme.
What about this for a possible solution: I was looking at the mylar roadside emergency blankets that reflect back body heat. What causes the cells to deteriorate? The radiation heating the cells up, just like a sunburn. If a thin layer was applied between the inner hull and outter hull in theory the raditation would be reflected back. This energy source could then be used to heat the inner hull keeping the temperature a little warmer while at the same time reducing the the need of conventional heating methods. Just a theory of course.
Now for the ship to surface crew vehicle.
The premise for this design would have to be the following:
1. Be able to dock with the for docking mechanism of the CM.
2.Be able to ferry four crew/passengers to the surface of the moon
and back again to the ship.
3.The lander must be also be able to remain as one intact craft, unlike
the old Apollo landers that left the engine and other components behind.
Its still a waste of money when the module could have a small booster attached to it and sent to the moon.
If you have a container that you bought food in and was able to use it to store more food it after it has been for it's specific purpose. Wouldn't it be a little bit more intelligent to use that container to store more food instead of spending the money to drive to the store and get a specilized container to store the food in when the container that could have been used was right there in front of the whole time? Think alittle bit, it could go a long way.
Sounds like another person that if their idea isn't at the forefront of everones thought or is the only thought then all other ideas and thoughts are irrevelant.
"A one track mind can only see's whats in front of it, never able to look to either side or switch rails."
why not remotely send it to the moon and use it as a habitable environement. It could used to store goods or as a sleeping compartment or like was mentioned above to hydroponical grow foodstuffs. It is a waste to send useable modules back to earth to be burnt up in the atmosphere when they could be used to lower the cost's of a moon base.
I think I may have solved the problem of both the fuel storage and engine package. The fuel storage will be the 280 klb Liquid Oxygen/Liquid Hydrogen tank used in the Ares I CEV.
The engine would be the Saturn J-2 Derived Engine (J-2X)
The fore section of the tank would have the same connecting equipment used in the same manner as used with the MPLM. The only difference would be that the docking mechanism would be built in the fore section of the fuel tank which would be the passive APAS. The best way to design this would be to take the fore section of a IMPLM cut it in half and attached it to the fore of the fuel tank.
The very last module before the fuel tank would have emergency fuel tanks added in case of an emergency and the fuel and engine tank needs to be jettisoned, the ship would still be able to use her thrusters to manuever to the moon base or back to the space station.
Connector method: The aft section hatch of the CM would have the Active APAS installed. The IMPLM fore section hatch would have the Passive APAS installed. The aft section hatch of the IMPLM would have the Active APAS intsalled. This method of connections will follow the same pattern until the last MPLM. The last MPLM will have the aft section hatch desinged to attach to a fuel storage tank. This aft section hatch will not be ale to be used and all operating systems will be removed to avoid any accidental opening.
Here is another advantage to using the MPLM. When the Pilyhas-1 reaches the moon and delivers the cargo laden MPLM, the MPLM would then be used as another add-on module to the moon base. This also solves the need to send a single vehicle to the moon.Functionality and cost over the cost of a single use vehicle.
A reuseable Service Module would be a great idea though, and although I'm against space stations whenever possible a station that actually acts as a stowage yard might not be bad - but still if the SM can orbit on its own let it do so w/o a station to play den mother.
Well what about placing the ship in high orbit maybe 4 or 5 kilometers away from the station? Perhaps a docked Orion CM could be used to ferry astronaughts to the ship and then remotely return to ISS?
Well if the Russians dont want to help, it would be too bad if the docking clamps would happen to just oh lets say release during their sleep time.
No more problem.
Well first off this is a space craft that would be able to perform the various functions of that of the space station but as a space craft. This craft will not be returning to Earth but will either dock at one of the ISS hatches or broken down and stored in various locations until needed again.
The next component would be a mini-MPLM type module that will be used as an inter-connecting module between the MLPM and other modules.
This IMPLM (inter-connecting I) will be docked at the aft hatch of the CM.
The aft CM hatch will have to have the same type of docking arrangment as that of the ISS station hatches that dock the MPLM's together. These modules will help strengthen the overall structure of the entire vessel when used.
The next module to be fitted would be the MLPM itself. These modules could be arranged for whatever purpose the mission needed.
This first module would be the crew quarters, where the jettisonable waste management system's, sleeper units, medical unit along with food storage and communications unit would be located. If so desired a cupola
could be fitted to view the outside.
The next module would be another IMPLM then the electronics module.
This module will contain all of the electronics equipment needed to run teh ship. This module would also be designed to have solar paneling wrapped around the surface of the module to collect the solar energy that would then be converted to useable electric. This bay could also be used for additional science stations and or cargo storage. Like the crew quarters a cupola could be added for outside viewing if so desired.
The next module would a IMPLM.
The next module would be the cargo storage module that would be used exclusively to store cargo being transported to the moon base.
Now come the tricky part. deciding which type of module would be used to store the fuel and what type of engine to use.
Any help in this area would be greatly appreciated.
The reason for this type of vehichle is that it would be less expensive to send the Pilyhas-1 to the moon four or five times a year then it would be to launch an ORION everytime.
This vehicle is modular, meaning it can be assembled to fit the needs of the misison which would save more money in the long run.
Pilyhas-1: Carries four to seven astronaughts to the moon baseand brings
other moon base personal back to the ISS where they would
take a CM ride home.
Pilyhas-2: Would be a cargo carrier-just the CM crew would be aboard
Pilyhas-3: Would be an equipment carrier- Twice the cargo modules as
Pilyhas 2.
Pilyhas-4: Would be a tourist ride. Tourist's could pay to ride around in
space for a few days or journey to moon base.
Ship's 1-2 are needed first, ship 4 can wait until the moon base has been established.
I also need ideas on a vehicle that could launch from the moon dock with
Pilyhas then land back on the moon. This vehicle would deliever replacement crew and ferry cargo back to the ship
Another idea that needs to be worked out is to design the cargo modules to be jettisoned and soft land on the moon. The re-attaching of the fuel and engine modules would be the same as docking with a hatch on the space station.
Okay after doing some research here is the design for the Pilyhas -1 the first inter-lunal vehicle that could travel to the moon deliver crew and cargo and then re-turn to the ISS, be broken down into modules for storage and re-assembled for trips back to the moon.
This is phase one of project Pilyhas-1
Command Module (CM)
The command module would be the Orion command module. The aft section of the CM would have to be re-engineered to allow for a hatch to be added so that docking with a MPLM is feasable. The docking hatch and equipment to be used would have to be of the same type used on the ISS to connect the modules together.
Here is a design that will work for travel between the ISS and the moon and be reusable.
First it would use the current Orion command module, directly behind this module would be a section that would have two hatches similiar to that of what is used at the fore of the command module. In this section a MPLM...
yawn..will work more on this tomorrow.
There are many things that are never at rest, yet do have rest mass. For example, every single atom in your body. Unless they have been chilled to absolute zero, they are not at rest currently, nor is it likely they will be at rest for millions of years to come. Thermal vibrations (temperature) will keep them moving perpetually. Yet, the atoms do have rest mass.
I would rather prove it in the inverse direction:
If light *did* have rest mass, then when light traveled at the speed of light, its mass would be increased to infinity. Since we have observed light traveling at the speed of light, it should have infinite mass when traveling at that speed. Momentum is mass times velocity. Infinite mass times velocity of light is a quite considerable number. By the law of conservation of momentum, when light hits something, it should impart an infinite amount of momentum onto whatever it hits. Since we are not blown apart whenever light hits us, it must be assumed that light has negligible momentum. If its momentum is negligible, either its mass or its velocity must be negligible. Since it is traveling at the speed of light, we know its velocity is not negligible. Therefore, light's mass must be negligible. Negligible = very small or zero. Since very small would have been increased to infinity by the velocity, only the zero option is valid. Therefore, light has zero mass. QED.
But you are forgetting something very important, If there wasn't an Ozone layer protecting the Earth from the UV rays of the sun which is light, then we would most likely instantly be burnt, or the process of atoms releasing their energy at a faster rate then the body can keep them cooled. So yes light can burst items into flames, it matters what intensity the light is or is focused upon an item and the items flashpoint.
Gravity is energy ?! Since when ?! I thought gravitation is just a "geometric" measure for the spacetime curvature. You can approximate this most of the time by using Newton's theory as a force, but gravitation is much more then just a force/energy
What is energy? Energy is a force that exerts a force on another or can be exerted upon. Space is the only non-energy in the Universe. Space can neither exert a force nor can it be exerted upon.
Since gravity effects light which does not have any mass then gravity has to be an energetic source otherwise the light would be able to escape a blackhole.
Yes you are correct, but we have to remember that light is an energy. If one goes faster then light then that's all that would happen. It would be the same if two racers started aa race in city A and ran too city B 25 miles away. Racer a starts out very fast but is unable to go any faster then 10 mph, racer b starts out at the same speed as racer a, but half way through racer b gets an energy boost and finishes the race 10 miles ahead. Although racer b would have won, if racer b were to go back to where racer a was at when racer b finished the race time as you suggest would still be the same. Time is a measureable distance of how far an energetic body travels relative to that bodies produced energy and energy exerted against that body.
Time as you would suggest does not go back but can be portrayed as actors dressed up in costumes of that era.
The only issue about time that is real is that the now is gone, it is the past and cannot be regained, the future is only a planck moment away then it is gone. What we do today for tomorrow will be remembered when the future looks back and with a smile says thanks for keeping the faith, thanks for aspiring and imaging a world without limits, a world that reached into the unknown and brought them closer to where they are now.
They will say thanks to
A world that brought them closer to understanding to knowledge that we had to set out across the unknown. Not for capital, not for fame but because it was a necessary step towards knowing who we are in the Universe.
Keep thinking and do not allow those in the past that live in the now to keep the future from being born.
Up, Out and Beyond
Thanks for the reply.
Why would a planet be difficult to detect? Wouldn't the nebula give off certain characteristics that would be different from a planet the size of Jupiter or Saturn? Would the gravitational variations be noticeable since the nebula functions one way and a planet another way.
I have just come to realize something very fascinating.
In every image that I have ever seen from deep space nebulaes, I have not ever seen one with a planetoid or other form of solid object inhabiting the same locale. Any theories on why this would occure?
Time is a measure of how far an atom or energetic body will or can travel based on the bodies energy that it produces and has exerted on it. The less energy a body has exerted against it, the faster the body will travel in a medium. Each medium will have certain factors that reduce the time of body.
How does the stripping of an atom of all its protons and electrons relate to the topic? We know that gravity is energy. If light which is a form or energy cannot escape the gravity of a blackhole, then it can assumed that gravity is much more energetic then light. Because if gravity were not energy then gravity would be space, or the absence of any matteriec properties (matteriec pronounced (m a t t- e r- i c ) having the properties of an energetic material).
So since gravity is an energy that cannot be seen but can be measured then perhaps gravity is the nucleui of various elements that ahve been stripped of their electrons and protons but retain the interiro properties.
And with all types of energy, the one constant to be remembered is that the larger the area the energy covers,the larger the central energetic source emittinating the energy is relative to the mass of the core being either solid,gaseous, or liquid is.
Gravity is an energy and will diminsh the farther away one moves from the eminatting source.
You still have to go sub-light speed to get outside the system.
If only we could produce Tachyons. Expell them out the back and use some to cancel out the gain in mass as the craft accelerates to light speed.
If the Heim drive works that could be used to cancel out the gain in mass. The electromagnetic fields could be used to shield the craft.
How does FTL throw you back in time anyway. A craft accelerates to FTL, stops, looks back and sees their craft tak off. If they had gone back in time they could radio themselves. If they couldn't they are just seeing an illusion.
Back on topic
What about stripping a nucleus of all it's protons and electrons then injecting the free nucleus (free of it's protons and electrons) into a vacuumed cavity. The atoms I would try to use are Hydrogen, Helium, ect
The elements that have thrust potential's when a flash point has been reached. Once the free nuclei have been injected into the cavity, they would then be combined with other either free nuclei or atoms of a energy producing nature. Hopefully in theory the free nucleui and atoms would combine to create a larger amount of energetic release to power a vessel. Perhaps this could be an early form of sublight drive.
"In order to break out of conventional theory, one must be unconventional in their thinking"
You can't go into the past, but you can possibly recreate it. With nanotechnology, it may be possible to create a duplicate Earth of some past era, or create a virtual world that does the same. If you were to step into such a world, it is hard to tell that you are not in the past. Nanotechnology would be able to create a very good facsimile of the past, and the gaps in our knowlege about the past can be filled in creatively and consistently with all the known facts of our historical database.
Time travel is not possible. All energetic matter in the Unvierse is non-biochemical energy, Atoms, quarks,protons,ect., all interact with one another through a certain type of order which can be re-positioned to create new elements and gases, chemicals ect.
This means that once the matter has used a certain amount of energy that is not biochemical it cannot regain the enrgy lost. Matter is not a sentient lifeform like we are. Lighting doesn't strike in places because it wanted to strike there, lighting struck in that area because that's where the process of lighting (see the process of how lightning works) struck as defined by how the ions and electrons function in the environment.
Matter from 5000 years ago cannot be re-gained, it is not sitting in limbo waiting to be re-born. If time travel were possible, then eversingle atom in the Universe would have to revert to that phase of energy from that time, but since energy and matter does not work like that time travel is not possible.
What is possible though is the whole world could collapse, with around 1000 surivivors that agree that the time that they began rebuilding was the time when everything began. They would have to get rid of eversingle
piece of history and every single piece of everything on the planet. Cars, homes, buildings, ect. This would be impossible to do as there would be people that would came after them and discover the remnants of a past that was not supposed to have been thus contradicting there story.
Time trime is impossible, an infinite impossiblity that is more impossible then FTL travel.
Time travel is not possible. In order to the past all of the atoms in the Universe would have to regain their lost biological properties of memory.
Since all matter is energy and once you use a certain amount of energy that amount cannot be re-gained.
Let me ask you this, which came first the wheel and the road or the train and the tracks it runs on? Having this type of transportation is not only illogical but is extremely costly and would actually be less of a benefit to the exploration of Mars.
I'm not an expert on magnetic fields but it seems to me that the spotty magnetic fields on mars are probably caused by iron ore deposits. Each iron molecule has it's own north and south pole but when connected to another molecule they combine. Put more and more iron molecules together and your magnet grows. Each deposit would have it's own north and south pole so that's why the instruments detected so much flipping.
I'm not sure if the iron ore has to be formed (cooling magma high in iron content) in the presence of a magnetic field. If so maybe mars had one long ago and now we are only seeing what remains of it, large and small magnets across the planet.
-Dook-
Now in order for gravity or electromagnetic fields to be present throughout the Universe, the above stated fact would imply that only planets and suns or gas giants generate a field large enough to keep a solar system together. When this is applied to a galaxy the same can be said to be true.
But what about outside of a galaxy?
Put more and more iron or other molecules together and your magnetic field grows.
With most matter being contained within a galaxy can it be safe to say that between galaxies there would hardly be any gravity if any at all, Given the stated fact made by Dook above? Another question to ask, are there areas of space between solar systems where the spacial bodies contained within each solar system produce just enough gravity to keep the system held together? Are there areas outside of these types of systems or between neighboring solar systems where gravity may not create a pull to the center of the largest mass that is producing the gravitational pull?
Meaning that gravity does not encompass all of the Universe because in order for the gravitional field to effect the given area the largest spacial object in that solar system must be at least the mass of our sun. A smaller massed sun would not be able to keep the solar system held together.Meaning that there are areas of space void of any gravity based on the relative mass of the sun in each system.
How this relates to FTL travel. We know that gravity exerts a pull on a body which on a planet is called weight but in space is called mass. The larger a sun's mass is the more pull it will create on an vessel meaning that the vessel will have to use more thrust to escape the gravitational pull of the sun in question. But in an area outside of a sun's gravitational pull the mass of the vessel would be considerably less then if trying to goto FTL in system. This means that the vessel could attain higher flight velocities once outside a solar system. even a conventional rocket motor would reach new levels of velocity given the gravity of the solar system would diminish the farther the vessel got away from the sun.
Lets think of a way to build a road first that way the equipment can have a flat surface from which to build upon.
I think using basic roadway designs would be suited best for this venture.
To avoid the storms the main base camp would be built in one of the protected mountainous regions or even in a small ravine. Storms are usually less destructive when they encounter raised or lowered surfaces.