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Is it essential also for plant growth?
MOSS IN SPACE PROJECT, SHOWS HOW SOME PLANTS GROW WITHOUT GRAVITY
At least some work is being done.
Experiments on moss grown aboard two space shuttle Columbia missions showed that the plants didn't behave as scientists expected them to in the near-absence of gravity.
The common roof moss (Ceratodon purpureus) grew in striking, clockwise spirals, according to Fred Sack, the study's lead investigator and a professor of plant cellular and molecular biology at Ohio State University.
The Voyager and Pioneer probes have yielded much data and would be still sending it if they where not so far away and so low on power.
Can we get a good picture of these limits when we are observing them from within them?
Does Titan have any dirt or rock, dust would even count IMO? But there is not water to make this MUD. So we need a new term for MUD to describe the form of it on Titan to end the confusion.
well from Encyclopedia Astronautica specifications pages it will be to small to distinguish it as the LM but might be seen by shadow.
Spacecraft Module: Apollo LM DS.
Other Designations: Descent Stage.
Length: 2.83 m. Basic Diameter: 4.21 m. Maximum Diameter: 9.37 m. Mass: 10,149 kg. Main Engine Thrust: 4,491 kgf. Main Engine Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. Main Engine Propellants: 8,165 kg. Main Engine Isp: 311 sec. Spacecraft delta v: 2,470 m/s. Electrical System: Batteries. Electric System: 33.0 kWh. Battery: 1,600.0 Ah.
There was another article of simular type probably 6 months ago on materials for radiational shielding and of flexibility. That I remember noting or commenting on I think in the moon direct thread number 1.
I am glad to see so many Universities working on solutions that we will face as we venture back into space.
Errorist, Usually air temperature and surface temperatures are not that far apart under a no wind condition until you go below the surface penetrating to a depth, where under laying sources of pressure caused heat would be present.
Most first time probes even to venus and to mars were atmospheric and every thing else was secondary. Adding addition features means adding more weight, making it a greater volume of size, power consumtion would also increase and the complexity of adding additional controls causes more growth of the probe and more chances for failure as well.
Also did I forget adding more features to the probe also ends up making it to cost more as well. Granted a more wealthy space agency (nasa) can afford to do this but that is not true for these others..
I know that we have been searching for exoplanets and have found some to orbit very tightly to there parent stars. Could any of these fit into the drawf star category, say if they where all alone or where flung to a distance away from any of there discovered locations?
Where Does Visible Light Come From?
Before the Big Bang there was no space-time continuum - the immaterial medium through which all things energy and matter move.
Once the space-time continuum popped into existence, one of the most moving of things to take form were the units of light physicists call "photons".
Been lots in the news Cindy as you have noted lately most of it is about mass, diameter, color, Spectrum analysis and just plain... Where do you draw the line as to what is a planet versus a dwarf star. Noted from other articles that most planetary dust disk are gone from these stars.. ???
India's lunar mission in 2007: ISRO
Indian Space Research Organisation's unmanned lunar mission will be launched in 2007 as scheduled, ISRO chairman P Madhavan Nair said in Chennai on Tuesday.
SKY'S THE LIMIT: Down, not out After the disasterous explosion, Japan's space development industry is counting on a revamped H-2A rocket series to restore its reputation.
Meanwhile, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. and Japan's other key aerospace manufacturers will be glad to see the H-2A back in business. They hope it will signal moves to transfer the nation's commercial rocket projects to private enterprises.
When it comes to Sedna planetary scientists are puzzled with respect to how did it form or get out there so far away from the sun. I find the elipticle orbit tells all when you compare it to comets or even some NEO.
New Research Suggests Sedna Might be an Emissary from Unknown Regions of The Solar System
Well the canabalization of projects and funding has begun.
NASA To Use Outer Planets Data Analysis Funds for Other Purposes
Fiscal Year 2005 funds for NASA's Outer Planets Data Analyis solicitation have been reallocated. In 2004, 142 proposals were submitted in response to this solicitation. 55 proposals were selected accounting for $4.8 million of the $5 million available.
Other turmoil due to increase is over the loss of jobs as Nasa streamlines for the goal and there again other facilities wull try there darnedest to stay open for business as usual.
yup Battery powered..
My thought was human powered.
Just like clock work the ISS is being resupplied by the very partner that does not want free loaders and why should there be.
The next Progress” cargo vehicle to be launched to ISS on February 28
They also noted that it was planned to send to the ISS two piloted “Soyuz-TMA” spaceships and four cargo vehicles this year (one every quarter of the year). “All the launchings will be carried out within the framework of the International Space Program from five launching pads of the Baikonur cosmodrome by means of Soyuz-type boosters.
The International Space Station now has four modules with a total inner space of 470 cubic metres. Its mass tops 180 tons. It is planned to complete the building of the station by 2010. By that time, the “orbital structure” is to grow up to twenty-six modules and elements (six of them will be Russian) and the station’s mass will then equal to about 400 tons.
And where do we get the simulant in sufficient quantities as to be able to answer these and other questions. Wanted: Fake Moon Dirt
But once upon a time there was
Tons of lunar simulant, called JSC-1, were produced years ago under the auspices of NASA’s Johnson Space Center, hence the name. Made from volcanic ash of basaltic composition, JSC-1’s composition mimicked many of the attributes of lunar mare soil samples.
But now supplies are largely gone, with some of the material even hoarded by some researchers due to its scarceness. And as a lunar return revs up, more investigators are in need of varying types of simulate to test out hardware and processes.
A NASA-sponsored “Lunar Regolith Simulant Materials Workshop” starts today, co-organized by the space agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama and the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
The three-day gathering of experts at the Marshall Institute in Huntsville will look into how best to make and dole out quality made-on-Earth specimens of the Moon -- a key step before humans replant footprints on that nearby neighborhood of a cratered world.
As the story goes it is not all that easy to make the real thing...
Northrop and boeing have finally inked there deal for the CEV developement strategy that they will use.
Northrop Grumman, Boeing Finalize Space Exploration Teaming Agreement
My only concern with the term spiral is that we do not end up with a lot of demostrator vehilcles that could not even do what they are intended to do.
Strategies for Martian exploration an article by jeff joust.
There have been plenty of proposals for mounting manned expeditions to the Red Planet, with varying flight times, crew sizes, and, of course, costs.
That a mixed human-robotic approach is better than a robotic-only sample return mission for both financial and intangible reasons. “NASA has been trying to do a sample-return mission to Mars for a long time and has not been very successful.
It costs about $2 billion to return two kilograms of rocks from Mars; a billion dollars a kilogram,” he said “That’s a pretty expensive kilogram of rocks. If I’m going to pay that price I’d rather send humans there and let them look at rocks and perform exploration.
The Space Review article Revisiting Project Orion
The engineering
Orion will not disappoint. The design achieves an Isp of 12,000 seconds with an Earth-launched payload capacity to LEO of 5500 tons. The fuel would be 800 nuclear bombs.
Not that bombs are lighter there would be an increase to the available payload that one could no deliver with this old style 50's vintage space craft.
The article goes on to mentioning NERVA
Internal combustion nuclear engines have an inherent limit. If the exhaust is too hot, it melts the rocket nozzles. This is an inherent limit in all non-pulsed designs. By using external combustion, fantastic temperatures hotter than the surface of the sun can be achieved, yet the plasma will cool sufficiently as it expands so as not to melt the pusher plate of the Orion.
Here is the first editorial that discounts the value of having sent a probe to saturn and its moon Titan. Not much in the article other than complaining about the cost.
COUNTERVIEW: Resources could have been better used on Earth
The Cassini-Huygens international mission to study the Saturnian system — with particular emphasis on its giant moon Titan — is, even in astronomical terms, a complete waste of money, time and effort. The total expenditure on the project, including the cost of the flight and of ground staff, has been estimated at $3.26 billion with $1.4 billion spent on pre-launch development alone.
Follow on article from another source:
Lunar colony to run on moon dust and robots
Not to mention there was a movie on robotics called I think Johny 5 alive but thats another topic.
I find that the military has develope robotics to this level but that Nasa languesses in the past wishing that it had something that could fix the Hubble with. But in the same token to make the Moon or Mars beyound work we will need simular technology in robotics.
All that it needs now is a Freind or foe Identifier and a gun to make a modern foot soldier.
Well under the human thread there is one related to space fairing nations that is a catchall for other nations space programs. Was not intending to get anyone mad was only indicating existing threads to which the topic was being discussed. Usually many topics like this have or are the main theme within most of the existing threads. Just do a quick search and see which one fits best. I know that I have done the same thing so do not get upset about it.
Yes; LtlPhysics you are right, we do want more people talking about space in general not less. So welcome astrolabe to Newmars.
Part of the main stream of the Idea of cheaper, better and faster got lost in each facilities efforts to give probes to the various sites that where on the list to explore.
The idea of making say a lander for mars work as a lander say for Titan was more in line with one concept of duplication. If all the same instruments are part of the landers concepts for either locations are the same then why go though a new design concept? This was what IMO he was striving for. It is cheaper to make 2 of something usually since all the tooling and such are already in use.
Here is a thought, cross a run of the mill tread mill, a flywheel for energy storage and give it 4 wheels that each are steering capable. Now the astronaut can just walk his way there.