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Using the words "politicians" and "courage and vision" in the same sentence is quite a joke!
I get the feeling that politicians still suspect that the true cost will be $500+ billion and that anything else is just a dodge to get them to commit to it.
Besides, if the public perception is that "Humans to Mars" is impossible then there is no mandate from the public to get politicians to back the project.
I'm sorry to say that if we rely on NASA and American politicians to get the job done it will never happen.
I agree. One thing left out is that we are still suffering from the fallout from the "90 day report". This was the President Bush (the elder) Humans to Mars project. I remember President Bush's speech and the excitement that was caused at the new mission plan. When the CBO started pricing it out however the Congress went nuts! Numerous politicians made the promise to "zero out any project that hinted at 'Humans to Mars'". They did this to prevent NASA from trying to slip development in behind the scenes and try to present Congress with "Well, we've done 30% (or 40%, or 50%) of the needed work already, we might as well just go ahead and do the rest!". Then Congress would get hit up with a bill for the balance of the $450 billion. Rep. Dana Rohrabacher is the current watchdog on this effort.
NASA will NEVER do a "Humans to Mars" project because it is controlled by politicians who want to keep it around just in case we have another "Space Race". Beyond that they want it to keep quiet and don't ask for money.
However, the longer we go without a commitment to a "Humans to Mars" the more the public perception grows that "If we haven't done it yet, it must be impossible to do!"
Cronin's book, As It Is On Mars, attacks the question of concrete making on Mars, which is apparently a lot more difficult than most of us would like to think. Clay for concrete comes from rainfall-based effects, so it might be in short supply.
I'm not sure inflatable structures are such a good idea, either, since (as someone else pointed out, and Cronin points out) the pressure delta is humongous. Cronin suggests very, very heavy glass plates for the roof. Something to counter the 14 PSI pressure pushing against the ceiling.
My recommendation is to use lava tubes (suggested by John Lewis for Moon structures) since there's obviously been a lot of volcanic activity in the past. Line the interior with inflated plastic and cap the end(s), and you've got tons of protective material around you. Pipe in light from solar collectors; these could be low-pressure inflatables or manufactured on-site mirrors made with glass and metal, or just metal. Lots of protection, and very little to none heavy machinery required. Of course, there is no *guaranty* that there are lava tubes there, but I'd bet my life on it. And, I'll be they're huge, thanks to the low G's.
Cronin's book, As It Is On Mars, attacks the question of concrete making on Mars, which is apparently a lot more difficult than most of us would like to think. Clay for concrete comes from rainfall-based effects, so it might be in short supply.
I have made a reasonable clay-like slurry by using random rocks in a rock tumbler. You can probably get a clay with specific chemical properties by just pre-selecting specific rock types. You could also pre-test this on earth by selecting rock type that will be common on Mars.
I think the one criteria that is overlooked is the amount of time that the suit will be used. On a Mars Direct mission you could be in a suit from 1500 - 3000 hours! The old Apollo designs didn't last much more than 10-20 hours and the astronauts were chaffed badly. Even a slight irritation will be a big problem with this level of suit usage.
I've been having a few email discussions with Bruce MacKenzie concerning the Trench base. I'm going to have to rescale everything. And those vaults are a lot more complicated! Besides I made a little error in the original rendering, didn't anyone notice the little white dots under the frame? ???
Nope, the next thing I'm working on is the "Trench" or "Arcade".
Here is my first rendering of it.
Two things:
One: Wouldn't the sudden presure change when you remove the form cause the concrete to explode?
Since the vault will not be pressurized until it is buried I don't think this will be a problem. Or did you mean something else?
Here's my first rendering of the Courtyard landscape, without plants at this time. Also the spacesuit won't be needed at this point, but I don't have any non-spacesuited figures to use in the rendering!
Phobos and Rob S. have mention a couple of issues that I've thought about.
1) Water for the mortar. Would it be possible to erect a temporary inflatable structure around small sections of the construction site? This could be used to recover the water as the mortar sets as well as being able to warm the site to make it set faster. Once the mortar has setup you take it down and move it to the next section. These inflatables would be at very low pressures and would NOT supply an environment for the construction crews.
As far as the main water supply, I think the site selection will be in a location where an aquifer has been found to supply a larger base.
2) Making the whole base out of poured concrete. This sounds possible, except the need for mold material, and the huge supply of concrete that will be needed. We have this capability on Earth and yet we still use brick for a lot of construction. Maybe someone else has good reasons, pro or con, about this subject.
3) Retaining walls for the berm. Ok, here is where I'm just winging it! I was just trying to render the Underhill concept. I'm fairly certain that the high retaining walls where the airlocks are placed is WRONG. If you can tell me a better way to design this I'll try to replace the flat walls that I'm currently using.
The slope of the main berm might be wrong as well, but I don't think it will need a retaining wall to hold it in place. The berm will be just regolith dumped over the vaults. The lower gravity of Mars might allow the steeper slope of the berm.
4) Laying bricks in a space suit. I think most of the actual bricklaying will have to be done by robots. This will be such a labor intensive job that I can't believe we'll devote that much marsnaut time to such a task.
5) The trench habitat in Red Mars. I have been thinking about how to render this next! Why wouldn't you just dome over the whole trench? In Red Mars they glassed it in from the lip of the south wall to the BASE of the north wall. Wouldn't it make better sense to just glass over the whole thing? If you erect the superstructure for the "dome" before you do any digging then you could use it as a support structure for an automated dragline to do most of the excavation.
By the way if anyone has any ideas of how to improve the designs I've done than please let me know!
Thanks.
I have been doing some redesigns of my Roman style vault renderings. The new renderings are at
http://dolphin-watch.com/render.html
I'm currently working on an interior landscape for the central courtyard as well as several animations.
Hope you like them.
Captain Rich
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